基于数字散斑相关方法的微位移测量

介绍了数字散斑相关方法的基本原理,利用模拟散斑图分析了3种常用亚像素算法的性能.根据数字散斑相关方法测量微位移的特点,采用爬山搜索法进行整像素搜索,采用计算量小、计算精度高的基于梯度的算法进行亚像素搜索.利用千分表和数字散斑相关方法对有机玻璃梁试件三点弯曲中心挠度进行了测量,并与有限元计算结果进行了比较.结果表明,数字散斑相关方法测量微位移的实验系统是可靠的,在此基础上测量了试件加载位置附近区域的全场位移.     

基于布谷鸟算法的数字散斑相关方法优化

将布谷鸟算法引入到数字散斑相关方法的搜索中,通过设定隔离边界对数字散斑图像分块,在每一个子块上利用布谷鸟算法进行局部搜索,在此基础上利用爬山算法进一步搜索峰值。全局搜索可以设定一个较弱的收敛条件,快速搜索到相关系数分布单峰上,充分利用了布谷鸟算法的全局搜索能力与爬山算法的快速收敛特点;最后通过模拟散斑图片进行了相关仿真,并通过实际人工散斑进行了相关实验,表明该算法能有效稳定测量刚体的位移量。     

基于数字散斑自相关技术的微位移测量

通过散斑照相实验,得到粗糙表面在激光照射下的散斑场,移动粗糙表面,记录位移前后的散斑图像,利用数字散斑相关方法分析散斑图像,即可确定粗糙表面的位移。理论分析和实验结果表明,数字散斑相关技术可以很好地实现测量带有粗糙表面物体的微小位移,精度可达微米级。     

数字散斑相关法测量连续位移的原理与实验

提出用数字散斑相关方法测量移动物体的连续位移.激光照射粗糙表面形成散斑场,用CCD记录粗糙表面移动时的序列散斑图像,利用数字散斑相关方法分析散斑图像,确定粗糙表面的位移.研究结果表明,数字散斑相关技术可以高精度地测出连续移动物体的位移.     

DSCM中摄像机光轴与物面不垂直引起的误差分析

该文研究了数字散斑相关方法(DSCM)中由于摄像机与被测物面不垂直而引起的误差。首先从成像原理上进行分析,得出当位移和偏差角度比较小时,误差分别与它们成线性关系。为验证这一结论,提出了引入摄像机成像模型的数字模拟散斑图像生成方法;采用数字散斑相关方法,对模拟散斑图像进行计算,计算的结果与理论分析的误差公式结果非常吻合。基于数字散斑相关测量灵敏度为0.01像素,要求不垂直度或被测平面的平面度应小于5,°这也是二维数字散斑可否用于曲面测量的判据。     

数字图像相关方法最优散斑尺寸

综合分析了图像灰度噪声和亚像素插值误差这两种最主要的误差源对数字图像相关方法位移测量精度的影响,并在此基础上建立了计算数字图像相关方法的总测量误差数学模型.在综合考虑这两种误差的基础上具体分析了散斑尺寸对数字图像相关方法的位移测量精度的影响,运用理论分析和数值模拟得到了不同参数下的最优散斑尺寸.研究结果表明,对于一定的测量参数而言,存在一个散斑尺寸的最优区间,在这个区间内的散斑越多,数字图像相关方法的位移测量精度越高.     

显微图像相关处理原理及其应用

基于图像识别原理,对数字散斑相关方法做了新的理论探讨,通过分析散斑位移及其导数对变形前后显微图像相关性的影响,对相关算法进行简化和改进,提出了相关识别法,大大减少了相关迭代的计算时间。图像预处理有助于提高图像的相关性。典型的实验证明了该方法的可行性、准确性。     

极值搜索法在数字相关性计算中的应用

通过对数字散斑相关性计算公式的分析,提出了计算相关性的极值搜索法,将平面上散斑的连续搜索变为离散搜索,将二维搜索变为一维搜索。同时,通过样条插值法完成非整数像素点的搜索。实验结果表明,该方法能明显提高散斑搜索的速度和灵敏度,并能达到满意的计算精度。     

基于光照不变特征的数字散斑相关方法

边坡问题是中外工程建设中的主要工程地质问题之一,准确、可靠的边坡变形监测方法对预防滑坡灾害起着至关重要的作用.将数字散斑相关方法应用在边坡变形监测中,可以快速得到准确的边坡位移场信息,具有操作简单、非接触式等优点.但是在野外测量环境下,光照变化对图像的灰度唯一性产生了较大影响,从而导致测量精度的下降.在数字散斑相关方法求解边坡变形场的基础上,使用局部敏感直方图替换原始图像对应位置的灰度值,作为图像的光照不变特征,克服了光照变化对图像灰度信息的影响,并通过数值模拟实验对算法精度进行验证.实验结果表明,该方法大幅提高了边坡变形计算精度,为研究边坡破坏机理和发展过程,提供了一种经济有效的监测方法.     

大型混凝土梁全场变形测量中数字散斑场的制作和应用

为了在大型试件表面制作高质量散斑场、保证数字图像相关测量时散斑场的一致性,采用具有操作简单、环境污染小、散斑质量高、易于重复等优点的水转印方法在大型钢筋混凝土薄腹梁试件表面制作优化数字散斑场.该方法将电脑生成的数字散斑场转印到试件表面,无需喷漆制作散斑场.实验结果表明,采用水转印方法制作的散斑场在测量精度、计算速度、抗噪能力方面均优于采用喷漆方法制作的散斑场.水转印方法适用于在混凝土表面制作高质量数字散斑场.采用该方法可以扩大数字图像相关方法使用范围,提高数字图像相关方法的测量精度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.