芬顿-臭氧组合处理柠檬酸镍废水的实验研究

以初始镍质量浓度为50 mg/L的柠檬酸镍废水为研究对象,第一段采用芬顿法进行破络,第二段采用“O₃/Fe²⁺”臭氧组合工艺进一步处理。探讨了芬顿段H₂O₂投加量和臭氧组合工艺中pH、臭氧投加量、Fe²⁺投加量、干扰离子对于镍离子去除效果的影响。实验结果表明,芬顿段最佳条件:H₂O₂投加量为0.15 mL/L,初始pH为5.0,Fe²⁺投加量为111.11 mg/L,反应时间为12 min;臭氧组合工艺段最佳条件:维持O₃质量浓度为30 mg/L,反应时间为18 min,在两段工艺的最佳条件下,柠檬酸镍废水中约99.8%的柠檬酸镍得以去除,出水镍浓度达到国家排放标准。     

O3/H2O2工艺控制太湖原水中致嗅氨基酸

针对太湖原水中氨基酸氯化消毒后可能引发的嗅味问题,采用太湖某水厂滤后水为研究对象,考察了O₃/H₂O₂深度处理工艺对水中致嗅氨基酸的去除效果及影响因素。结果表明滤后水中致嗅氨基酸占总游离氨基酸的81.6%,采用O₃/H₂O₂工艺降解致嗅氨基酸的最佳投量为1.5 mg·L^-1 O₃和0.06 mM H₂O₂,去除率91.28%,致嗅氨基酸浓度降至484.62 ng·L^-1,加氯消毒后几乎没有致嗅风险。水温10~30℃范围内,O₃/H₂O₂对致嗅氨基酸的去除率随温度升高而增大;pH=6~8范围内,去除率随pH的升高而增大。另外,该组合工艺较单独O₃/H₂O₂对溴酸盐的生成也有明显抑制作用。     

金属离子对钢在没食子酸/硫酸介质中的腐蚀行为研究

 用失重法研究了4种金属离子(Na⁺,Zn²⁺,Cu²⁺,Fe³⁺)在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄以及500 mg/L没食子酸+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄介质中在20℃对冷轧钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:Cu²⁺对钢的腐蚀起抑制作用;而其余3种金属离子(Na⁺,Zn²⁺,Fe³⁺)对钢的腐蚀起加速作用.在相同条件下,冷轧钢在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中的腐蚀速率顺序为:Cu²⁺2++3+;而在500 mg/L没食子酸+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄介质中,腐蚀速率顺序为:Cu²⁺2+3++.     

Kinetic studies of the decomposition reaction of adducts of dinuclear Fe(Ⅱ)/O2

Kinetic studies of the decomposition reaction of dinuclear Fe(Ⅱ) adducts [Fe₂(N-Et-HPTB){O₂P(OPh)₂}](Cl- O₄)₂ (1) and [Fe₂(N-Et-HPTB) {O₂P(Ph)₂}] (ClO₄)₂ (2) with O₂ have been carried out at low temperature using UV-vis spectra. The decomposition reaction of Fe(Ⅱ)/O₂ adducts was first-order in the experimental conditions, and the activation parameters were obtained. ?H^¹ = 85.62 kJ·mol^-1, ?S¹ = 19.43 J·mol^-1·K^-1 for compound (1) and ?H^¹ = 97.97 kJ·mol^-1, ?S^¹ = 55.68 J·mol^-1·K^-1 for compound (2). These results are similar to those of dioxygen adducts of other metals complexes and natural enzymes such as methane mono- oxygenase (MMOH).     

紫外联用高级氧化技术降解氯霉素试验研究

为了实现紫外高级氧化技术在实际水处理中去除抗生素的应用,以氯霉素（CAP）为研究对象,对比了静态试验中紫外技术,连续流下单独紫外技术、紫外高级氧化技术（UV/H₂O₂、UV/PS）对氯霉素的去除效能。进一步分析了连续流下紫外光强、紫外光波长、停留时间、氧化剂投加量、氯霉素初始浓度和原水水质等因素对去除效果的影响。研究发现静态流单独紫外对于氯霉素120 min照射后,降解率大于80%,降解速率符合一阶动力学。实际连续流应用情况受停留时间限制,单独紫外氧化技术对氯霉素去除率较低。相同停留时间下,基于紫外UV/H₂O₂和UV/PS高级氧化技术对氯霉素的去除率大幅提高,分别达到58%和43%,紫外光激活氧化剂产生强氧化自由基（OH^·,SO₄^2-·）,起到主要作用。同时增大紫外光强、氧化剂投加量及降低氯霉素的初始浓度会增加氯霉素的降解效能。研究发现原水中存在的无机和有机污染物会降低紫外高级氧化技术对氯霉素的去除效率,但能同步去除原水中常规污染物,为基于紫外高级氧化技术的实际水处理推广应用提供了可能。     

CoFe2O4-Al2O3复合材料的制备及其在含日落黄废水处理中的应用

制备了铁酸钴-氧化铝（CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃）复合材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积和孔径分析仪对多孔CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料的物相和形貌进行了分析. 利用制备的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料活化过硫酸氢钾（PMS）来降解废水溶液中的日落黄（SY）,通过研究CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料制备过程中Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的物质的量之比、煅烧温度和时长对材料催化性能的影响,发现Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的最佳物质的量之比为1:2:12,最佳煅烧温度为400 ℃和最佳煅烧时长为3 h. 对采用在最优条件下制得的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料作为催化剂,PMS氧化降解含日落黄废水进行研究,考察了pH值、温度、不同体系、PMS用量、CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料用量和一些阴离子对日落黄降解的影响. 结果表明：在pH=7,温度为55 ℃条件下,用0.1 g催化剂和0.125 g PMS能使100 mL质量浓度为0.6 g·L^-1的日落黄溶液在30 min内降解率达到99.5%. 同时,碳酸氢根负离子（HCO₃^-）和硝酸根负离子（NO₃^-）的加入抑制了日落黄的降解,而Cl^-则能促进日落黄的降解. 此外,在进行4次循环使用后,CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃仍表现出很好的催化性能,日落黄去除效果仍能达到90%以上.     

一种检测电芬顿体系下DNA损伤的电化学生物传感器的研制

为了检测电芬顿体系下DNA的损伤,先采用石墨烯制备了一种致密的rGO/Fe₃O₄复合材料;再将复合材料和DNA修饰到玻碳电极上,利用电化学还原作用释放游离态Fe²⁺,并加入H₂O₂形成电芬顿体系;最后构建了一种检测电芬顿体系下DNA损伤的新型电化学生物传感器。检测结果表明,检测DNA损伤的最佳时间为30 min,最佳pH值为7.0。     

Fe2+/Na2S2O8法去除水中四环素的研究

本文研究了二价铁活化过硫酸钠法去除水中四环素(TC)的影响因素与机理,为四环素类废水的治理提供了新方法。研究结果表明,水中TC降解率随Na₂S₂O₈浓度的增大而增大;随TC浓度的增加而减小;随Fe₂₊浓度升高,TC降解率先增大再减小,说明过高浓度的Fe₂₊对反应产生抑制作用。在初始条件TC浓度为10 μM,Na₂S₂O₈浓度50 μM,Fe₂₊浓度50 μM,pH为3.4时,TC降解率可以达到92%。利用分子探针法证明了体系中产生的自由基为SO_4-?和?OH,其中SO_4-?为主要作用自由基。     

NaClO/Fe2+强化含藻污泥脱水性能与机理研究

次氯酸钠强化二价铁盐混凝能够有效提升含藻污泥的脱水性能与效果。当NaClO质量浓度为1.5～2.0 mg·L^-1时，含藻污泥的脱水性能达到最佳。过量NaClO的氧化作用使得藻细胞完整性受损，胞内物质外溢，阻碍了细胞间水分的释放，导致脱水性能下降。Fe²⁺被NaClO氧化后原位生成Fe³⁺，继而形成Fe（OH）₃，强化了高藻水的混凝效果；NaClO使得部分亲水性胞外聚合物降解，其中蛋白质和多糖等组分含量降低，有利于藻细胞间水分释放，从而提高了含藻污泥的脱水性能。此外，NaClO强化二价铁盐混凝对溶解性有机物的去除率由74%上升至90%，腐殖质类大分子和芳香族化合物的含量也有所下降，提升了水质净化效果。     

杂质离子对电化学矿化法固定铀的影响行为研究

本研究以金属铁为原料,采用电化学方法使金属铁逐步转化为磁性四氧化三铁,并实现同步固定铀,重点考查了杂质离子的种类、数量以及质量浓度(ρ)对废水中铀去除的影响。结果表明,离子种类和离子质量浓度的增加有助于提高电化学反应性能,加快铀的去除效率。但废水中过量的Fe³⁺和Ca²⁺在一定程度上会抑制磁铁矿的结晶,PO3－₄会与溶液中的铁离子络合形成无磁性的絮状物(Fe₃(PO₄)₂),在优化条件下反应120 min后,铀去除率最高可高达95%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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