以乙酸钠、丙酸钠为碳源的活性污泥合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的结构分析

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(Polyhydroxyalkanoates，PHAs)是临时储藏于活性污泥的微生物体内的能量和碳源聚合物，是完全可生物降解的热塑性塑料。为了研究碳源对PHAs结构的影响，本采用乙酸钠、丙酸钠为碳源在厌氧条件下培养活性污泥得到2种不同的PHAs样品，通过^1HNMR、^13C NMR和GC-MS谱图确定其组成和比例：以乙酸钠培养活性污泥得到PHAs样品的单体组成以3—羟基丁酸酯(3-hvdroxybutyrale，3HB)为主，x(3HB)／x(3HV)(3-hydroxyvalerate，3-羟基戊酸酯)为93．9l：6．09；以丙酸钠培养活性污泥得到PHAs样品的单体组成主要以3HV为主，除3HB、3HV外，另外还有2—甲基—3—羟基丁酸酯(2—methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate，2M3HB)和2—甲基—3—羟基戊酸酯(2-methyl—3-hydroxyvalerate，2M3HV)，3HB／3HV／2M3HB／2M3HV的摩尔比为28．66：63．13：2．55：5．66。由此可见采用不同碳源培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs的单体组成是不同的。     

3-羟基丁酸的生产方法及用途探讨

1前言 随着塑料工业的迅速发展,塑料年产量已达1亿吨,成为材料领域的四大支柱之一。塑料废弃物也与日俱增,每年总量可达500万吨,成为日益严重的“白色污染”。研究开发可降解塑料是治理“白色污染”的有效途径。生物降解塑料的主要成分即为聚3—羟基丁酸酯(PHB),因其可以被脂肪酶水解为小分子,然后进一步被微生物同化。聚3—羟基丁酸酯可由3—羟基丁酸经酯化再聚合而得。本文就     

以乙酸钠、丙酸钠为碳源的活性污泥合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的结构分析

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(Polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHAs)是临时储藏于活性污泥的微生物体内的能量和碳源聚合物,是完全可生物降解的热塑性塑料.为了研究碳源对PHAs结构的影响,本文采用乙酸钠、丙酸钠为碳源在厌氧条件下培养活性污泥得到2种不同的PHAs样品,通过1H NMR、13C NMR和GC-MS谱图确定其组成和比例以乙酸钠培养活性污泥得到PHAs样品的单体组成以3-羟基丁酸酯(3-hydroxybutyrate,3HB)为主,x(3HB)/x(3HV)(3-hydroxyvalerate,3-羟基戊酸酯)为93.91∶6.09;以丙酸钠培养活性污泥得到PHAs样品的单体组成主要以3HV为主,除3HB、3HV外,另外还有2-甲基-3-羟基丁酸酯(2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate,2M3HB)和2-甲基-3-羟基戊酸酯(2-methyl-3-hydroxyvalerate,2M3HV), 3HB/3HV/2M3HB/2M3HV的摩尔比为28.66∶63.13∶2.55∶5.66.由此可见采用不同碳源培养活性污泥所得到的PHAs的单体组成是不同的.     

光电与微生物结合的生物杂化光合体系生产聚β-羟基丁酸酯的研究进展

人工光合系统具有较高的光吸收率,但难以合成具有高附加值的化合物.微生物则可以利用自身的促进自我修复与复制、具有高特异性的生物酶催化合成各种高分子化合物.生物杂化光合体系结合两者优点,为化学品的合成提供了一条清洁高效、经济、可持续的发展途径.近年来,有科学家利用生物杂化光合体系生产生物可降解材料聚β-羟基丁酸酯,取得了初步成效.以下从光催化剂协同微生物杂化光合体系和微生物电合成体系两个方面,介绍了生物杂化光合体系生产聚β-羟基丁酸酯的研究进展,研究了利用该体系生产聚β-羟基丁酸酯的现存问题,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望.     

聚羟基丁酸酯/氟磷灰石电纺丝膜的体外降解

首次研究了氟含量不同的聚羟基丁酸酯/氟磷灰石电纺丝膜(PHB/FHAP)的体外降解行为,考察了PHB和PHB/FHAP电纺丝膜的失重率、降解液浑浊度及表面微观形貌,结果表明FHAP的加入增大了PHB电纺丝膜的降解速率。随着氟含量的增加,PHB/FHAP降解速率减小。在降解介质磷酸缓冲溶液（PBS）中,PHB和PHB/FHAP电纺丝膜都出现了羟基磷灰石（HAP）前驱体,表明该材料具有较好的生物相容性,这对其在骨组织工程上的应用具有重要意义。     

开发聚羟基丁酸酯新技术

聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)是一种微生物合成的天然生物可降解聚酯，具有生物相容性好、可完全降解等优点，在环境及医用材料等领域具有良好的应用价值，近些年来一直是国际学术界和产业界研究开发热点之一，天津市已具有中试生产技术和能力。但是PHB作为一种高度结晶的聚合物，宏观上表现为脆性，冲击强度较低，亲水性较差，成本相对通     

聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯)的土壤降解和酶降解

采用溶剂涂膜法制备了共聚组成不同的（3-羟基丁酸酯）-（4-羟基丁酸酯）共聚物［poly(3HB-co-4HB)］生物可降解膜。通过土壤和猪胰脂肪酶降解实验,考察了降解过程中样品质量、分子量及表面形态的变化。结果表明,土壤降解和酶降解都经过表面腐蚀过程,无定形态首先降解,样品质量逐渐损失,分子量逐渐减少;结晶度对膜的腐蚀形貌有很大的影响,降解速率都随4HB含量的增加而增加;脂肪酶降解速率比土壤降解速率快,但分子量减少的程度不及土壤降解,并且在降解过程中出现了小分子量的低聚物。     

β-环糊精包合物材料的电流变性能——功能基的影响

用β-环糊精（简称p—CD）作为主体,水杨酸（简写为SCA）、邻苯二甲酸（简写为PHA）、邻氨基苯甲酸（简写为OAA）和磺基水杨酸（简写为HS03）等作为客体,采用固相反应,合成了新型的电流变材料-β-环糊精包合物材料．研究了材料的电流变性能,以及客体分子的组成和结构与材料电流变性能的关系．结果表明,客体分子的结构,特别是客体分子的功能基是影响材料电流变性能的重要因素．β-环糊精包合磺基水杨酸的包合物有最高的电流变活性．     

氮化碳负载铜催化的有机反应研究进展

石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）是一种由C,N组成的具有固态石墨结构的新型非金属半导体材料,由于其较高的化学稳定性、独特的电子性能和光学性能,在生物传感、光催化和材料科学等领域有广泛的应用.按反应类型总结了C₃N₄负载铜作为催化剂在有机合成中的应用,所涉及的反应主要有氧化、还原、偶联和环化反应等.     

高效液相色谱法测定青皮中橙皮苷的含量

高效液相色谱是重要的现代分析手段之一。它具有分离效率高、分析速度快和应用范围广的特点,尤其使用于目前最活跃的研究领域,是分析化学家和生物化学家解决各种实际分析和分离课题必不可少的工具。本研究采用HPLC法,以HyersilODS—C18为色谱柱、甲醇-醋酸-水（30：3．5：70）为流动相,建立了青皮中橙皮苷的含量测定方法。结果表明橙皮苷在0．4036—40360ug范围内具有良好的线性关系（r=0．9998）。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.