高分子复合吸水性材料的辐射合成及性能测定

采用Co60 γ -射线辐射聚合的方法以丙烯酰胺 /丙烯酸盐及蒙脱土为主要原料合成高分子复合吸水材料 (SAPC) -农用保水剂 .研究原料组分配比、交联剂浓度、水解度、辐照条件及体系浓度对性能及工艺的影响 ,确定合成最佳工艺条件为 :水解度 (DH % ) 70 % ,辐射剂量 1.5kGy ,辐射剂量率1.6～ 2 .6Gy/min ,交联剂浓度 8× 10 -4～ 2 .5× 10 -3 mol/L ,辐照温度 35～ 4 5℃ ,体系浓度以 2 5 %～37%为宜 .依据标准分析方法对材料吸水倍数、吸水速度、保水能力和凝胶分数等性能予以评价     

Fe~(2+)-H_2O_2体系引发的淀粉与丙烯腈接枝共聚与超级吸水剂H-SPAN的研制

以Fe~(2+)-H_2O_2体系引发的淀粉与丙烯腈的接枝共聚反应在工业生产应用中有广阔的利用价值。通过改变Fe~(2+)浓度、H_2O_2浓度、淀粉种类、单体浓度、反应温度、淀粉予处理温度等反应条件对接枝共聚反应的影响,筛选出最佳反应条件。接枝共聚物经皂化水解后的产物H-SPAN,具有超高吸水性能。同时还研究了各种因素对皂化产物吸水倍率的影响,对吸水剂H-SPAN制备方法作了改进,可获得上千倍吸水倍率的粉末和薄膜制品。     

膨胀型光缆阻水油膏用吸水剂的辐射合成

利用Co^60γ射线辐射引发聚合的方法以丙烯酸丁酯为改性组分合成亲油改性吸水剂,用于光缆用膨胀阻水油膏的制造.研究丙烯酸丁酯摩尔含量对其分散稳定性和吸水倍率的影响,确定组分配比：丙烯酸丁酯的摩尔分数为3 %,改性吸水剂在油膏中的质量浓度为5～10 g/.优化辐射工艺条件：辐射剂量率2.5 Gy/min,辐射剂量10 ～20 kGy.实验证明,改性吸水剂与基础油的相容性和分散稳定性明显提高,所制备的油膏性能指标满足要求.     

辐射聚合法合成淀粉接枝聚丙烯酸钠超强吸水剂

采用辐射聚合法合成了淀粉接枝聚丙烯酸钠超强吸水剂．就单体含量、中和度及辐射剂量对吸水倍率的影响进行了讨论．制得吸水和保水性能俱佳的高吸水性树脂．合成的树脂吸水倍率高达1357g／g,吸0．9％NaCl率为153g／g。     

丙烯酸类高性能吸水材料的研究进展

简述聚丙烯酸类吸水剂的研究进展，阐述其制备方法，比较了在聚合中，稳定剂（或分散剂）的种类，不同共聚单体、链转移剂等方面的影响，并讨论了吸水剂与载体的复合问题。此外，也对其机理研究作了简述。     

淀粉-丙烯酸超强吸水剂及其在卫生纸中的应用

研究了以淀粉为原料，丙烯酸为单体，制备超强吸水剂的新工艺条件，结果表明，用碱中和丙烯酸，在常压、50℃、用K2S2O8作引发剂，进行接枝共聚1.5h，可得超强吸水剂。考查了所得吸水剂在普通卫生纸中的稳定性、吸水性等使用性能。     

防灭火智能多孔凝胶的制备及性能研究

以壳聚糖为温敏性单体、凹凸棒黏土及丙烯酸为吸水性单体,并以过硫酸钾为引发剂、N-N'二甲基丙烯酰胺作为交联剂;并添加碳酸钠/醋酸发泡剂制备智能多孔水凝胶。研究了凝胶在发泡剂、温度以及盐溶液不同的情况下凝胶的吸水性能及溶胀性能。利用扫描电镜表征智能温敏性凝胶的形貌特征;并通过配置1%的凝胶溶液测试热重,研究其相变温度。实验结果表明,随着发泡剂的增加,凝胶的吸水倍率越来越大;温度在70℃,且在NaCl溶液中凝胶吸水最好;凝胶溶胀性与吸水性成正比例;发泡剂为0.25 g时电镜效果最好,呈球状;壳聚糖0.5g、凹凸棒为2.0 g时凝胶的重量降低的最快。     

高强度超强吸水剂研究

采用低温下引发 ,高温下聚合和干燥产品的新实验方法 ,通过对影响该反应的主要因素如引发反应温度、聚合及产物干燥温度 ,单体、引发剂及交联剂质量分数以及中和度等系统地考察 ,制得了高强度超强吸水剂——交联聚丙烯酸钠 .该吸水剂吸水率高 ,且具有很好的凝胶强度     

辐射交联聚乙烯醇水凝胶研究

研究辐射交联聚乙烯醇的微观结构，以期进一步揭示这种水凝胶结构与性能的关系。用＾６０Ｃｏγ射线直拉辐射聚乙烯醇水溶液得凝胶，测定了水凝胶的凝胶分数和溶胀度；用Ｃｈｙａｒｌｅｓｂｙ辐射交联理想和Ｆｌｏｒｙ溶胀方程进行数据分析；     

废报纸制取吸水树脂研究

以废报纸为原料,经脱墨、碱煮、酸煮可得纤维素,以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过二硫酸钾为引发剂,与丙烯酸接枝共聚制备了吸水树脂。讨论了原料单体配比、交联剂用量等因素对吸水树脂性能的影响,考查了制得的吸水树脂对蒸馏水、自来水和一定浓度NaCl溶液的吸收性能。在最佳条件下制得的吸水树脂对蒸馏水的吸水倍率为340 g/g,对自来水的吸水倍率为280 g/g,对0.05 mol/L NaCl溶液的吸水倍率达50 g/g。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to