阻尼LSQR算法在多波地震反演中的应用

多波VTI介质AVA储层参数联合反演的关键是解Jacobi矩阵。本文从Lanczos迭代出发,结合双对角化和QR分解,推导出了阻尼Lanczos算法流程。通过比较SVD算法和LSQR算法,显示了阻尼Lanczos算法在效率和精度方面的优越性。该算法应用于多波地震勘探资料反演中,获得的目标层储层参数:纵波速度、横波速度和密度,证明了该算法的有效性。     

基于大数据量的初至层析成像算法优化

三维陆地地震资料采集技术向着高密度和宽方位的方向发展, 导致产生海量地震数据。初至旅行时层析成像的经典算法需要过多内存和计算时间, 不适合处理大的地震数据量。为解决这一问题, 提出一种基于优化数学公式的初至旅行时层析成像算法, 既减少Frechet矩阵和Hessian矩阵的存储对内存的需求, 也减少Hessian矩阵的求逆时长, 能快速和高效地解决大数据量的层析反演问题, 适合高密度和宽方位采集的陆地地震资料和精细参数化的网格模型, 并且不影响精度, 易于实现并行计算。模型试验和实际数据都验证了该方法的有效性, 当初至旅行时达到一定的数量时, 该方法能提供可靠的层析成像结果, 进行静校正。     

近地表介质地震初至波层析成像

发展了适于复杂近地表介质的初至波层析成像方法.介质单元的速度用双线性函数表示,推导了计算Jacobi矩阵元素的解析公式,提高了精度和速度;初至波正演计算采用最新研究的动态网络最短路径射线追踪方法,克服了同类方法得到的射线路径呈之字形、计算出的旅行时比实际旅行时系统偏大的缺陷;用LSQR算法求解该大型约束最优化反演问题.用该方法求取塔里木盆地边缘复杂山地的近地表速度和静校正量,取得了良好的应用效果.     

三维VSP地震初至波走时层析成像研究

在油气田勘探开发阶段,VSP(垂直地震剖面)作为一种精细勘探技术发挥着重要作用,三维VSP地震初至波走时层析成像可以直接得到地层速度模型。它结合了三维VSP地震射线追踪算法和数学反演算法,它能够实现对地下地层速度模型进行重构,速度成像结果对认识地质结构提供了直观的依据。为了测试算法的稳定性和抗干扰能力,对三维VSP正演走时加入了20%的高斯噪声,然后利用三维地震初至波走时层析成像进行速度反演,得到了三维地层速度模型、垂直切片图和水平切片图。射线方向的交叉性程度决定了反演结果的质量和可靠性,由于射线在浅部地层的交叉性比深部地层的交叉性更好,浅部地层的反演效果更加清晰;相反,深部地层的速度反演效果较差。算法对含噪声数据取得了良好的反演结果,验证了该算法具有较好的抗干扰能力。     

井间地震偏移速度扫描和反射波超级叠加技术

对井间地震进行了系统研究,分析了观测系统和井间地震波场的特征,提出了一种处理井间地震资料的新方法,由理论推导得到了井间反射波的旅行时方程。利用井间地震特有的共偏移距道集,找出了适宜于分析井间地震偏移速度的方法。在此基础上,进一步研究了井间地震反射波偏移成像的超级叠加技术。通过对有限差分模型资料和实际资料的处理,获得了清晰的反射波剖面,验证了反射波超级叠加技术的有效性和可靠性。     

改进的井间地震资料波阻抗反演方法

基于井间地震资料与地面地震资料之间的相似性确立了井间地震资料的反射特征,完善了井问地震资料的反演方法及流程.重点解决了反演过程中的两个关键问题采用sinc函数插值方法进行重采样确保了井间地震剖面深时转换中的波形保真;精细调整井的时深关系使得井间地震与地面地震资料反射特征达到相互匹配,确保了反演结果的合理性.应用实例结果表明,通过本方法得到的井间地震反演结果精度较高,与测井解释结果对应较好,砂体展布清晰,有效地反映了两口井在横向上的联系与差异,提高了井间储层描述精度.     

改进的井间地震资料波阻抗反演方法

基于井间地震资料与地面地震资料之间的相似性确立了井间地震资料的反射特征,完善了井问地震资料的反演方法及流程.重点解决了反演过程中的两个关键问题:采用sinc函数插值方法进行重采样确保了井间地震剖面深时转换中的波形保真;精细调整井的时深关系使得井间地震与地面地震资料反射特征达到相互匹配,确保了反演结果的合理性.应用实例结果表明,通过本方法得到的井间地震反演结果精度较高,与测井解释结果对应较好,砂体展布清晰,有效地反映了两口井在横向上的联系与差异,提高了井间储层描述精度.     

黑59井区井间地震资料解释方法研究与应用

井间地震作为油气田勘探开发领域内一项新的地震技术,具有分辨率高、储层描述精度好等特点.本文应用井间地震资料的解释方法,对吉林油田黑59井区的井间地震资料进行解释,解释成果在油田开发中应用效果较好.     

滨海斜坡沙一段岩性圈闭研究难点及对策

针对滨海海域砂体发育模式多样、地震反射特征不一、储层薄的特点,以高分辨率三维地震资料为基础,利用地震属性分析技术、地震相技术以及井间约束反演等技术,本文对研究区进行了综合分析,确定了岩性边界带与储层发育区,落实了有利岩性圈闭,部署井位3口,力争扩大岩性勘探成果。     

VTI介质三维VSP多波联合叠前AVA岩性参数反演方法及应用

三维三分量(3D 3C) VSP属于地下地震勘探方法,三维三分量VSP地震资料合有深度和丰富的地层岩性信息,有地面地震不可比拟的优势.为了发挥和应用三维三分量VSP资料的优势,提高油气勘探的成功率,需要反演出准确的岩性及弹性参数,用于精确预测储层、识别流体性质.以各向异性介质(VTI)弹性波传播理论为基础,研究多波精确振幅特征方程(AVA),并在此基础上建立了三维各向异性介质VSP多波联合叠前AVA反演岩性参数理论和方法.该方法利用对3D 3C VSP资料处理的NMO道集,直接反演地层纵波速度、横波速度、密度及2个各向异性系数,在此基础上可进一步计算得到地层的弹性参数,这些参数对岩性及流体识别有重要作用.这套纵横波联合叠前反演方法适应直井及斜井3D 3C VSP资料,并经实际斜井3D 3C VSP资料处理,得到了与实际储层吻合的反演结果,证明了该方法的正确性和有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.