基于Surpac和Phase^2耦合的采空区稳定性模拟分析

为了解决数值模拟计算中复杂建模和单元剖分等前处理难度大的问题,采用三维地学模拟与数值模拟耦合的方法,研究了Surpac和Phase2耦合采空区围岩稳定性模拟.结合某矿山复杂空区群的实际情况,应用Surpac建立了矿山地学三维模型,将数据转换后导入Phase2软件构建了数值分析模型,进行了数值模拟计算,并根据模拟计算结果对采空区的围岩稳定性进行了分析.结果表明,采用数据转换方法将Surpac和Phase2两者的优势充分结合起来,为岩土工程的稳定性数值模拟研究提供了一条新的有效途径.     

精准三维激光探测结合可视化建模的采空区稳定性分析

精准地掌握复杂采空区的三维形态及其空间的相对位移,是进一步开展空区稳定性可靠分析的前提。以中核赣州某铀矿区为背景,利用BLSS-PE矿用三维激光扫描和测量系统, 对该采空区进行三维探测分析并对三维探测所得数据信息进行数字化处理转换,应用DIMINE建立采空区的三维空间模型,经过数字化处理后实现了与FLAC^3D模型的无缝耦合,从而形成了三维数值运算模式。研究结果表明： 818-2#采场在开挖后最大主应力增加且最大值出现在采空区顶底板,最小应力基本保持不变,上下盘虽出现拉应力,但低于围岩抗拉强度; 818-2#采场最大水平位移和最大垂直位移均较小,且随着采场的逐步回采采空区围岩出现塑性区,但面积较小。因此,空区整体上呈稳定状态。研究成果为矿山地压管理和综合治理提供了有力的依据。     

一种多层采空区群稳定性的综合评价法

为准确评价多层采空区群的稳定性,考虑到数值模拟的局限性且采空区稳定性影响因素较多,提出数值模拟分析(整体分析)与多级模糊评判(单个分析)相结合的综合评价方法。以实际工程为例,建立矿体及采空区群三维整体数值模型,并利用FLAC3D软件研究其应力分布和塑性区(结构塑性强度破坏方面)以及采空区顶板中点位移监控(变形控制方面)。采用多级模糊评判对单个采空区的稳定性进行评价,对比分析这2种方法的异同,以便得出更准确的稳定性分类。研究结果表明:1号、2号和11号空区,处于不稳定状态,13号等9个空区处于较不稳定空区;采用该综合评价法所得的评判结果能更好地反映复杂多层采空区群的稳定程度,精度较高,为矿山复杂多层采空区群稳定性评价提供了一种新的可行的思路和方法。     

地下开挖围岩应力响应的数值分析

为了研究顶板自然崩落规律的应力响应,采用数值计算方法建立三维矿体模型,对工程开挖情况进行模拟计算,分析开挖过程中围岩应力的变化情况.结果显示:当采场进行拉底开挖后,围岩应力发生重分布,最大主应力在空区四周附近集中分布;在空区的周围存在应力松弛的区域,随着开挖面积的不断扩大,空区周围的应力松弛区不断扩大,竖向应力的应力减小区扩展到采场的整个顶板,水平应力的小应力区出现在空区顶板中央,且对称分布;在拉底面积达到一定值后,在拉底顶板中心位置将出现大范围的拉应力区;破坏首先从拉底区上部中间开始,呈拱形向上发展.     

煤柱尺寸留设数值模拟研究

护巷煤柱尺寸是影响回采巷道顶板围岩稳定性的一个重要因素。禾草沟煤矿开采过程中矿山压力比较明显,原设计预留大煤柱,造成较大煤炭损失。基于禾草煤矿煤层地质条件,采用数值模拟软件FLAC3D,建立了煤柱尺寸为6 m、8 m、10 m、12 m和14 m数值模型,模拟研究了煤柱及巷道塑性破坏区范围,沿空巷道应力分布,沿空巷道位移情况。综合考虑塑性区破坏范围、最大主应力、顶板位移值和资源回收等因素,该矿煤柱为10 m时符合经济安全开采要求。     

群空区稳定性聚类分级及处治对策

为对群空区进行稳定性分级及综合处理研究,在前期空区探测的基础上,基于三维数值模拟程序M1DAS/GTS与FLAC 3D耦合对采空区的稳定性进行模拟分析,综合考虑顶板最大位移、最大主应力、最小主应力等3个因素对群空区进行聚类分级,并在此基础上提出群空区的综合处治对策.结果表明:运用模糊聚类分析方法,实现最大顶板位移、最大...     

挂帮矿充填法开采对高陡边坡及采场围岩稳定性的影响

以大冶铁矿高陡边坡下2#挂帮矿回采为工程背景,首先采用GEO--SLOPE软件对挂帮矿开采中边坡稳定性进行了分析;然后通过现场监测及模型相似实验相结合的手段,研究矿柱及围岩的应力及位移变化规律,探讨了挂帮矿充填法开采对采场围岩稳定性的影响.研究表明挂帮矿所在露天初始边坡经过扩帮及内部开采后,安全系数平均值由1.274下降至1.005,边坡稳定性较差;目前空区采场矿柱及围岩稳定性较好,但必须对现有采空区进行充填,改变空区及矿柱应力集中状态,才能进行矿柱及顶底板矿石回采.     

围岩性质对采空区稳定性的影响分析

建立采空区数值模型,采用FLAC3D计算L了采空区变形、应力、塑性区分布情况,在采空区顶部产生较大位移,为采空区冒落带,而在采空区水平方向两侧则有较大应力集中区。对采空区围岩的各因素进行了敏感性分析,给各因子赋予了权重值,为采空区的治理工作提供了必要的参考。     

基于CD法的深埋隧道支护系统数值模拟分析

采用FLAC~(3D)有限差分法软件建立了深埋隧道的三维数值模型,从围岩的塑性区、位移场、应力场和锚杆内力4个方面来分析锚杆、喷射混凝土以及二次衬砌的支护效果。研究表明,锚喷支护有效地控制了围岩塑性区的发展、显著减小了围岩的位移和应力,维持了围岩的稳定性。二次衬砌支护效果不太明显,主要发挥安全储备的作用。     

基于FLAC3D数值模拟一次采动巷道地压显现及围岩破坏

以申南凹矿1021—20采场为模型,运用FLAC3D有限差分数值计算方法进行了数值计算,模拟分析了一次采动影响下30 m矿柱和20 m矿柱回采巷道围岩的应力分布、位移变化和塑性区分布,并对采动超前影响范围进行了模拟。通过现场监测、数值分析认为申南凹矿回采巷道的地压显现与围岩破坏与采场相似。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.