31种石斛属植物的RAPD遗传多样性分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA技术对31种石斛属植物的遗传多样性进行分析.从100条RAPD引物中共筛选出18条引物,18条引物共扩增出1802条带,其中多态性位点有261个,多态性比为99.2％.UPGMA 聚类结果显示,基因型之间的相似系数分布于0.642～0.838之间,31种石斛属植物样品分为7类.聚类分析显示供试样...     

4种木麻黄亲缘关系的RAPD分析

应用RAPD枝术对普通木麻黄(Casuarina equiseti folia)，粗枝木麻黄(C.gluca)，细枝木麻黄(C．cunninghamaina)和滨海木麻黄(Allocasuarina littoralis)的亲缘关系进行分析，从40个引物中筛选出18个重复性好、稳定性高的有效引物．18个有效引物共扩增出690条DNA带，其中多态性条带318条，占总扩增条带的46．09％．对扩增出来的690条DNA带进行聚类分析，结果表明：木麻黄属(Casuarina)的普通木麻黄、粗枝木麻黄和细枝木麻黄的平均遗传距离为0．30，其中细枝木麻黄和粗枝木麻黄的遗传距离特别小，为0．19；而异果木麻黄属(Allocasuarina)的滨海木麻黄与其他3种木麻黄的平均遗传距离为0．65．RAPD聚类分析结果表明，4种木麻黄之间的亲缘关系与血清学和化学分类学的结果一致，说明RAPD分子标记技术适用于木麻黄植物的遗传多样性研究．     

大蒜种质资源遗传多样性的分子标记研究

本研究利用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术．对中国10个不同地区的大蒜品种进行了种质资源遗传多样性研究．从30个RAPD引物当中．筛选出11个具有多态性的引物．共扩增出多态性带224条．多态性条带比率为41．18％．从12个ISSR引物中筛选出5个具多态性的ISSR引物．共扩增出多态性带121条．多态性条带比率为50．21％．对RAPD和ISSR两种标记分别运用Nei指数法．计算出10个大蒜品种的平均遗传距离为0．28和0．32．根据这两种标记的结果．采用UPGMA进行聚类分析，得到与生物学分类地位基本一致的结果．结果表明，在实验稳定性上．ISSR优于RAPD．且ISSR比RAPD能检测到更多的遗传变异．RAPD和ISSR两种标记可用于大蒜种质遗传多样性的研究．     

SCoT与EST-SSR标记检测甘草属(Glycyrrhiza L.)植物遗传多样性的比较研究

为探讨SCoT、EST-SSR标记技术在甘草属植物遗传多样性研究的适用性,采用SCoT、EST-SSR分子标记对甘草属8自然居群的4种1变种共计14个个体进行基因组DNA的多态性检测。实验筛选出的18对SCoT通用引物共扩增出313条带,其中312条为多态性条带,平均多态率(PPB)为99.68%,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)和位点品均期望杂合度(He)等遗传参数与EST-SSR标记无显著差异。多态性检测效率高的标记为SCoT,E=17.333,Ai=21.145,高于EST-SSR,E=6.909,Ai=8.719。SCoT与EST-SSR标记聚类分析结果趋势相似,均将14份材料划分为3组,与基于形态学分类结果一致。2种标记相比,EST-SSR(0.820)产生的平均相似系数范围大于SCoT(0.785),EST-SSR标记个体间遗传差异检测能力略高于SCoT。结果表明SCoT和EST-SSR两种标记均可揭示甘草属种间与种内的遗传多样性水平以及亲缘关系,是进行甘草属植物自然群体的遗传结构、种间基因渐渗等研究的有效分子标记。其中,SCoT标记多态性高,信息量大,更适于甘草属植物种质资源的遗传多样性分析;个体间遗传差异检测上EST-SSR标记效果更佳,更利于疑难种鉴定及亲本分析。     

检疫性杂草假高粱及其近似种SSR分子标记的遗传多样性

利用SSR标记对8个假高粱及其近似种样品的遗传多样性进行研究,结果发现:(1)在11对SSR引物中,有5对扩增出多态性,这5对引物共检测到25个多态性位点,每对引物平均能检测到5个多态性位点;(2)根据Nei's遗传距离分析的聚类树显示:这8个高粱属物种共可分为2个类群,7个亚类群;假高粱和黑高粱、拟高粱和明福1号间的亲缘关系极近;(3)SSR结果揭示出所测8个群体的Gst为0.0864,说明本文研究的Sorghum属8个物种的群体遗传分化程度属于中度.     

小麦近缘种及小麦-簇毛麦染色体代换系、易位系的SSR分析

用20对小麦微卫星引物，对小麦近缘种和小麦-簇毛麦染色体代换系、易位系的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增，14对引物有扩增产物，其中10对引物可以在小麦近缘种间扩增出多态性标记．共扩增出分子量小于500的条带477条，其中342条具有多态性，每个SSR座位的等位基因数目在2～6个之间，平均为3．7个．11个实验材料的基因多态性(PIC)范围在0．4013～0．7281之间，平均为0．5725．根据NeiM的方法进行遗传距离分析，构建系统树，确立小麦及近缘种的亲缘关系，为麦类作物遗传资源的研究及在育种中的应用提供一些理论依据．     

检疫性杂草假高粱及其近似种SSR分子标记的遗传多样性

利用SSR标记对8个假高粱及其近似种样品的遗传多样性进行研究,结果发现:(1)在11对SSR引物中,有5对扩增出多态性,这5对引物共检测到25个多态性位点,每对引物平均能检测到5个多态性位点;(2)根据Nei’s遗传距离分析的聚类树显示:这8个高粱属物种共可分为2个类群,7个亚类群;假高粱和黑高粱、拟高粱和明福1号间的亲缘关系极近;(3)SSR结果揭示出所测8个群体的Gst为0.0864,说明本文研究的Sorghum属8个物种的群体遗传分化程度属于中度。     

10种棕榈科植物的RAPD分析

用RAPED法对厦门植物园引种栽培的4属10种棕榈科植物样本进行了基因组DNA多态性分析、从29个随机引物中筛选出9个有效引物共获得RAPD谱带558条．多态性谱带占71．32％．利用UPGMA法对l0种棕榈科植物聚类分析．得其DNA的分子分类系统图．结果表明．棕榈属、琼棕属和鱼尾葵属聚类成一组．蒲葵属另成一组；棕榈属、琼棕属和蒲葵属中6种掌状叶型植物的平均遗传距离为0．47，羽状叶型的4种鱼尾葵属植物问的平均遗传距离为0．55；而羽状叶植物与掌状叶植物间的遗传距离达0．72．在同一属内，棕榈属内两种距离最近．蒲葵属两种最远．尽管分子分类结果与形态分类结果存在一定差异，但RAPD分子标记技术对棕榈等引种植物的分类鉴定和遗传多样性评价是有效可行的．     

利用RAPD标记技术对刺槐属（Robinia）种间亲缘关系的分析

用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对刺槐属(Robina)内5种植物进行基因组DNA多态性分析.共选用22个10 bp随机引物扩增出212个DNA片段,进行种间遗传关系分析.片段大小在100～2 200 bp之间,其中多态性谱带为183条,多态率为86.3%;利用UPGMA进行遗传距离计算的结果表明,刺槐、毛刺槐和香花槐分属刺槐属的三个种,红花刺槐和龙槐是刺槐的变型.首次在DNA水平上证明香花槐为刺槐属的一个独立种,且与毛刺槐的亲缘关系较近.为刺槐属植物亲缘关系和系统分类建立了新的分子学证据.     

利用ISSR分析6种绞股蓝属植物的遗传多样性与亲缘关系

目的 对绞股蓝属(Gynostemma BL.)6种植物的遗传多样性与亲缘关系进行分析.方法 利用ISSR标记技术对57条引物进行初筛,选择其中适合的11条引物对材料进行遗传多样性分析,并根据遗传距离构建UPGMA聚类图.结果 11个ISSR引物共检测到120个位点,平均每个引物检测到10.91个位点,多态性比率(PPB)达到98.33%,6个物种的多态性比率分布于34.17%～1.67%之间,Shannon信息指数(Ⅰ)为0.414 5,Nei's基因多样性指数(He)为0.2707,G.pentaphyllum,G.Ccardiospermum,G.longipes,G.yixingense,G.laxuflorum的分类处理与形态学研究结果基本一致,G.pentagynum与G.longipes遗传距离最近.结论 ISSR分子标记适合于绞股蓝属植物遗传多样性研究.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-