环境钙浓度对淡水育珠蚌外套膜及珍珠囊钙代谢的影响

作者采用多种组织化学方法及等离子光谱技术,研究了不同环境钙浓度对淡水育珠蚌钙代谢的影响。发现与对照组（钙浓度约１０ｇ／ｍ＾３）相比,较高钙浓度（２０～３０／ｍ＾３）条件下三角帆蚌外套膜组织钙含量增加,外套膜内外表皮和珍珠囊上皮细胞的分泌活动旺盛;与之相反,高钙浓度条件下（３０ｇ／ｍ＾３以上）,蚌外套膜组织钙含量降低,外套膜内外表皮和珍珠囊上皮细胞的分泌活动下降。这表明环境中适宜的钙浓度可促进蚌对钙     

育珠河蚌分泌珍珠质的外表皮细胞的扫描电镜观察

用石蜡切片和酶消化的育珠河蚌外套膜的外表皮细胞,作了扫描电镜观察,发现有4类表面结构不同的细胞。细胞间有细丝相连结。研究表明,外表皮细胞除了有分泌珍珠质的功能外,还有物质吸收、保护的功能。     

马氏珠母贝外套膜组织培养基的设计

分析了培养基中的小牛血清、贝血清、水解乳蛋白等几种天然成分和合成培养基ＴＣ１９９对中国马氏珠母贝外套膜组织细胞在体外的生长情况和珍珠质分泌功能的影响，并确定了它们在组成培养基时的适宜含量，其中，贝组织提取物，鸡胚汁对细胞的生长和珍珠质的分泌具有十分重要的作用：５％的小牛血清和１０％的贝血清共同使用对维持细胞形促进细胞生长有很好的作用，但单独使用则有一定的负作用。     

超大型珍珠育成与育珠蚌吊养量的关系研究

超大型珍珠养殖与育珠蚌的吊养量密切相关,适度的育珠蚌吊养量是获取超大型珠的关键技术参数之一。通过对比2010—2015年的试验数据,得到如下结果:在相同的养殖与管理条件下,在培育超大型珍珠时,育珠蚌的吊养量与其养殖成活率无直接相关性;最适育珠蚌的吊养量分别为1龄珠蚌0.59只/m~2、2龄珠蚌1.02只/m~2、3龄珠蚌1.26只/m~2、4龄珠蚌1.53只/m~2,但超大型珍珠的最佳吊养量为1.43只/m~2,最佳毛利润的吊养量为2.1只/m~2,最佳产投比的吊养量为0.82只/m~2,其产投比可达2.63。     

栉孔扇贝外套膜表皮细胞的分泌方式

采用组织学和电镜细胞化学方法,对人工养殖的3龄栉孔扇贝(Chlamys，farreri)外套膜表皮细胞的分泌方式进行了研究．结果表明。栉孔扇贝外套膜表皮细胞的分泌方式有局部分泌、顶浆分泌和全浆分泌．内表皮细胞以局部分泌和顶浆分泌为主,外表皮细胞以顶浆分泌和全浆分泌为主。生壳突起、感觉突起和缘膜突起上皮细胞均以顶浆分泌为主。表皮细胞中的髓性过氧化物酶(MPO)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)均可通过局部分泌和顶浆分泌方式排到体表.     

文蛤（Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus）外套膜的组织学与组织化学研究

利用组织学和组织化学染色方法对文蛤外套膜进行了研究。结果表明，文蛤外套膜具有双壳贝类外套膜的典型结构特征，即由中央膜与边缘膜组成，边缘膜具有3个突起。组织结构包括内外上皮层、结缔组织与肌纤维。不同部位的外套膜，其上皮细胞的形态结构、结缔组织与肌纤维含量等有差异。上皮细胞与结缔组织中分布有几种不同类型的粘液分泌细胞。组织化学研究结果显示，缘膜突起上皮细胞内含有丰富的糖类。分泌细胞内含物中含有丰富的糖类和少量的RNA，同时在分泌细胞检测到较强的ACP酶活性。     

池蝶蚌(Hyriopsis Schlegeli)与三角帆蚌(H.Cumingii) 若干生物学性状比较研究

对江西抚州洪门水库生产基地两种育珠蚌即池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌的若干生物学性状进行了研究，并就它们的形态、生长进行了比较研究，结果表明：池蝶蚌生长速度快于三角枫蚌，其形态结构更适于培育珍珠，育珠性能优于三角帆蚌。     

马氏珠母贝外套膜组织培养

用本实验室已建立的贝类组织培养技术对马氏珠母贝外套膜组织成功地进行了体外培养,在外套膜组织中最先迁出的是颗粒细胞,紧随其后为透明细胞,在培养到２０ｈ时,圆形的上皮细胞开始迁出,上皮细胞很快在组织块圆形形成生长晕,继而铺满整个培养瓶底面,培养４ｄ以后,上皮细胞开始分泌颗粒状的物质,这时的上皮细胞从形态上发为Ａ型和Ｂ型两类,Ｂ型上皮细胞含有许多颗粒物质,而Ａ型上皮细胞不含或含少量颗粒物质,反映了其合成     

背角无齿蚌组织培养细胞分泌的珍珠质的药理作用研究

利用背角无齿蚌的外套膜,进行离体组织培养,所得培养液及组织水解液,作用于大鼠离体子宫、兔离体小肠,其药理作用与珍珠质有效成分之一的牛磺酸相同,结果证明,背角无齿蚌外套膜培养细胞能分泌珍珠质,具有天然珍珠的药用有效成分及相同的活性.     

马氏珠母贝珍珠囊体外培养及插囊育珠

为建立马氏珠母贝珍珠囊体外培养的插囊育珠技术,一用０．３％胰蛋白酶消化液在ｐＨ值７．２￣７．４和温度２５℃条件下对马氏珠母贝外套膜组织进行解离,收集消化１５ｍｉｎ的细胞悬液于珠核上培养珍珠囊;二直接用外套膜组织块在珠核上形成珍珠囊。方法一所产生的珍珠囊未培育出珍珠;方法二所产生的珍珠囊培育出少量的珍珠。为促进细胞在珠核上的粘附和珍珠囊的形成,研究了各种贴壁因子的作用,其中多聚赖氨酸和ＳＭ物质能明显     

Cloning and characterization of 37 kD laminin receptor precursor in pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata

A 1063 bp cDNA clone encoding a putative 37 kDa laminin receptor precursor （37 kDa LRP） is isolated from the mantle tissue of pearl oyster, Pinctadafucata. The amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA sequence is 301 residues long, with a calculated molecular mass of 33.5 kDa. RT-PCR analysis shows that 37 kDa LRP mRNA is especially highly expressed in the mantle while widely expressed in several tissues. In situ hybridization analysis reveals that 37 kDa LRP is expressed in the outer epithelial ceils of the mantle edge, suggesting its involvement in cell proliferation and secretion in P. fucata. The identification and characterization of 37 kDa LRP in the pearl oyster will help us to further understand the signal transduction in the processes of mantle epithelial cell proliferation and tissue formation.     

Cloning and characterization of 37 kDa laminin receptor precursor in pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata

A 1063 bp cDNA clone encoding a putative 37 kDa laminin receptor precursor (37 kDa LRP) is isolated from the mantle tissue of pearl oyster, Pinctadafucata. The amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA sequence is 301 residues long, with a calculated molecular mass of 33.5 kDa. RT-PCR analysis shows that 37 kDa LRP mRNA is especially highly expressed in the mantle while widely expressed in several tissues. In situ hybridization analysis reveals that 37 kDa LRP is expressed in the outer epithelial cells of the mantle edge, suggesting its involvement in cell proliferation and secretion in P. Fucata. The identification and characterization of 37 kDa LRP in the pearl oyster will help us to further understand the signal transduction in the processes of mantle epithelial cell proliferation and tissue formation.     

Cloning and characterization of 37 kD laminin receptor precursor in pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata

A 1063bp cDNA clone encoding a putative 37 kD laminin receptor precursor (37 kD LRP) is isolated from the mantle tissue of pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata. The amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA sequence is 301 residues long, with a calculated molecular mass of 33.5 kD. RT-PCR analysis shows that 37 kD LRP mRNA is especially highly expressed in the mantle while widely expressed in several tissues. In situ hybridization analysis reveales that 37 kD LRP is expressed in the outer epithelial cells of the mantle edge, suggesting its involvement in cell proliferation and secretion in P. fucata. The identification and characterization of 37 kD LRP in the pearl oyster will help us to further understand the signal transduction in the processes of mantle epithelial cell proliferation and tissue formation.     

漂白粉对三角帆蚌外套膜粘液细胞及珍珠囊细胞的影响

研究了不同浓度的漂白粉（0.5mg/L,1.0mg/L,1.5mg/L)处理后对三角帆蚌的影响,结果表明各浓度漂白粉对外套膜和珍珠囊细胞的超微结构均有不同程序损害,表现为粗面内质网脱颗粒,网腔扩张,线粒体基质电子密度改变等,其中1．5mg/L漂白粉的影响最为严重,除发生上述变化外,外套膜内表皮粘液细胞中硫酸化粘液减少,酸性粘液增加,外表皮细胞中性粘液几乎消失,该浓度组的结缔组织中钙球体的数量也明显高于其它各组。     

育珠细胞小片擦片方式对有核珍珠影响的试验

报导了海绵块擦细胞小片条、棉球擦细胞小片条和不擦3种处理细胞小片的方法,对三角帆蚌内脏团培育圆形有核珍珠质量影响的试验结果。试验表明,成珠率海绵块组96.3%>脱脂棉球组88.0%>不擦组79.2%;优珠率脱脂棉球组13.6%>海绵块组11.5%>不擦组0。这些差异,从统计学角度看没有明显区别,但从表观数据可见,无论是成珠率还是优珠率,育珠细胞小片用海绵块擦和脱脂棉球擦比不擦明显要高,表明小片不擦不利于有核珍珠的培育。     

Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Calreticulin from Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata

Calreticulin is a unique calcium-binding protein with multiple functions mostly located in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum. A large amount of calcium is absorbed from the medium and transported to mineralization sites during biomineralization in pearl oyster. This paper describes the cloning of the full-length cDNA of calreticulin from Pinctada fucata, namely PCRT. PCRT encodes a deduced 414-amino acid protein, which includes a predicted 17- amino acid signal peptide and an endoplasmic reticulum retrieval sequence HDEL. The protein shows 63%-76% sequence identity and shares some common characteristics with calreticulins from other species. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicates that PCRT is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested with the highest expression in the hemolymph and the mantle. In situ hybridization analysis of PCRT in the mantle showed strong signals in the inner fold, the inner side of middle fold, and the inner side of outer fold of the mantle epithelium, All these results suggest PCRT might be involved in Ca^2＋ transport and storage during oyster biomineralization.