漆酶／介体系统对尾叶桉硫酸盐浆漂白的条件探索

利用从白腐菌(Panus conchatus)产生的酶液中分离纯化出漆酶(Laccase)。在一种新的介体NHA的存在下构成L／MS系统(Laccase—Mediator System)进行尾叶桉浆生物漂白。通过对尾叶桉进行深化脱木素的改良连续蒸煮(EMCC)，结果表明，L／MS系统生物漂白的最佳条件为：漆酶用量为2．5U／g纸浆，NHA用量为1％／g纸浆，最适pH=6．0，酶处理时间为8小时，反应温度为50℃，并通氧气。     

硫酸盐浆残余木素在漆酶/介体体系中的降解

桉木硫酸盐浆（EMCC浆）用漆酶／介体（N－羟基－N－乙酰苯胺）体系（LMS）进行处理。采用GPC、FTIR和2D^13C-^1H-NMR技术分析了原浆木素、LMS处理过的浆中残余木素以及E段废液中分离出来的木素，并在碱性条件下用硝基苯氧化上述木素。实验结果表明，LMS处理后桉木EMCC浆中残余木素发生很大的变化，大多数非缩合的木素结构单元被降解。NMR研究结果表明，LMS处理的浆中木素和E段废液木素的β－O－4和β－5结构消失，紫丁香基结构的信号大大减弱，而木素中二苯乙烯结构、二苯甲烷结构和非酚型的5－5‘结构在LMS生物处理时比较稳定，难于降解。LMS处理时木素发生α－位羟基的氧化产生α－羰基，并在其后的碱处理段被降解成小分子量的碎片。纸浆残余木素经漆酶／介体体系处理发生一定的苯环开环作用，使木素的羧基增加。     

桉木硫酸盐浆TCF漂白的研究

研究桉木硫酸盐浆H2O2强化的氧脱木素效果;研究KMnO4和螯合物对桉木硫酸盐氧漂浆H2O2漂白的改善效果,并对其最佳工艺条件及各种因素对漂白效果的影响进行探讨。结果表明：在氧脱木素过程中加入少量的H2O2,就能起到很好的强化效果;氧漂浆在KMnO4的预处理、DTPA处理后再经过H2O2漂白,可使KP法桉木浆白度达80％以上。     

残余木素结构与纸浆漂白性能的关系

对传统硫酸盐蔗煮（CK）浆和延伸改良连续蒸煮（EMCC）浆进行了研究，结果表明，EMCC和CK浆残余木素中游离酚羟基的含量没有明显的区别，EMCC的含量反而比CK的销低一些，这说明EMCC纸浆的较高漂白性能与残余木素中的游离酚羟基的含量没有直接的关系。     

华南湿地松EMCC制浆过程中木素结构的变化

以华南湿地松为原料制备卡伯值为16－32的常规硫酸盐浆和深化脱木素的改良硫酸盐（EMCC）浆，从木材和纸浆中分离木素，利用^13C-NMR和^31P-NMR技术表征木素样品的结构，研究制浆过程中木素结构的变化。结果表明，从木材和纸浆中分离出来的木素结构是不同的；制浆方法影响纸浆残余木素的结构特征，包括脂肪羟基、酚羟基和羧基含量，β－O－4结构和缩合结构含量，对常规硫酸盐浆和改良硫酸盐浆，卡伯值较低的纸浆残余木素脂肪羟基和β－O－4结构含量较低，酚羟基、羧基和缩合结构含量较高，当卡伯值相同时，EMCC木素的脂肪羟基和酚羟基含量较低，β－O－4结构和羧基含量较高，综合结构含量相近。     

纸浆的酶生物漂白及其机理

应用白腐菌（Ｗｈｉｔｅｒｏｔｂａｓｉｄｉｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｆｕｎｇｕｓ）产生的降解木素的三种酶类木素过氧化物酶［（Ｌｉｇｎｉｎｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，Ｌｉｐ）（ＥＣ．１．１１．１．１４）］、锰过氧化物酶［（Ｍｎ－ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，ＭｎＰ）（ＥＣ．１．１１．１．１３）］和漆酶［（Ｌａｃｃａｓｅ，Ｌａｃ）（ＥＣ．１．１０．３．２）］及黑曲霉（Ａ．ｎｉｇｅｒ）产生降解半纤维素的聚木糖酶［（Ｘｙｌａｎａｓｅ）（ＥＣ．３．２．１．４）］和桉木（Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓ）硫酸盐浆作用，结果显示，酶处理能降低纸浆的卡伯值（Ｋａｐｐａｖａｌｕｅ），提高白度，而对粘度降低较少．ＧＣ和ＦＴＩＲ分析表明，经酶处理后，纸浆中的发色基团和助色基因减少，阿拉伯糖和木糖含量降低，按木ＫＰ浆木素－碳水化合物复合物（ＬＣＣ）的木素－阿拉伯糖基及木素－木糖基结合键断裂，并活化木素分子的芳香环结构，促进木素的溶出，提高了纸浆的白度和可漂性．生物漂白废液的污染负荷降低了．     

云南松-蓝桉混合浆漂白的研究

改进的硫酸盐蒸煮浆比常规硫酸盐浆有较好的漂白性，在相同的漂白工艺条件下，改进的硫酸盐蒸煮浆比常规硫酸盐浆所用的化学药品少而成浆白度高。用改良硫酸盐法制得的浆比常规硫酸盐法制得的浆易漂；用氧碱次氯酸钠漂白，蓝桉比例大的成浆白度高，比例少的白度较差，且氧碱次氯酸钠漂白比常规次氯酸钠漂白成浆白度可提高2～3倍；过氧化物H2O2的漂白过程聚合度下降较少，很适合强煮弱漂的制浆工艺，成浆白度与次氯酸钠相差不大，但可减少污染。用蓝桉60％的混合材制的浆粕，进行纺丝验证试验，纺丝的各种性能好，能纺出质量较好的粘胶纤维。     

木素含量和纤维回用次数对漆酶改善纸浆强度的影响

取未漂和漂白硫酸盐浆进行浆料复配和纤维回用实验,考察木素含量和纤维回用次数对漆酶处理改善纸浆性能的影响.漆酶处理后复配浆的强度性能提高,尤其湿强度提高明显,随着漂白浆比例的增加,浆中木素含量减少,经漆酶处理后纸浆强度增幅逐渐降低.漆酶处理后未漂浆的湿抗张指数提高33.45%,当漂白浆含量为40%时湿强的增幅减小为2.72%,说明适宜的木素含量是漆酶催化提高纸浆强度的必要条件.回用浆经漆酶处理后纤维性能得到改善,但随着纤维回用次数的增加,漆酶增强幅度呈降低趋势.纤维性能测试结果表明纤维回用过程中纤维长度和宽度降低,针叶木细小纤维含量略有减少,阔叶木细小纤维含量变化与此相反,漆酶处理后纤维性能无明显变化.扫描电镜检测说明漆酶处理后纸浆纤维间产生"黏合"现象.     

荻苇硫酸盐浆漆酶/介体体系生物漂白

以 1-羟基苯并三唑 (HBT)为漆酶 (EC 1.10 .3.2 )A和漆酶B的氧化还原介体构建漆酶 /介体体系 (Laccase/MediatorSystem ,简称LMS) ,用LMS生物漂白荻苇硫酸盐浆 ,再经碱处理后测定纸浆的卡伯值和粘度值 .测定结果证实了LMS生物漂白具有极好的选择性 ,LMSB 比LMSA 具有更好的脱木素效果 .由漆酶A、B的紫外 -可见光谱分析得知 ,LMSB 比LMSA 具有更好的脱木素作用可能是由于每个漆酶B分子含有的芳香族氨基酸比每个漆酶A的少 ,漆酶B与 1-羟基苯并三唑自由基 (HBT·)的反应程度较低 ,有利于HBT·与浆中残余木素的反应     

KRAFT WOOD PULP TCF AND ECF BLEACHING WITH ENZYME PRETREATMENT *

针叶木硫酸盐浆用木聚糖酶Ｉｒｇａｚｙｍｅ４０＿Ｘ４进行预处理,然后进行各种无元素氯（ＥＣＦ）和全无氯（ＴＣＦ）漂白．实验结果表明,酶预处理能提高后续漂白效果,提高白度,降低卡伯值,并改善纸浆的粘度,在不用元素氯的情况下,能将纸浆漂白到８８％ＩＳＯ以上的白度     

PEROXYACID ENHANCED OXYGEN DELIGNIFICATION OF KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONNew pulping and bleaching technologies, which do not use chlorine-base chemicals, continue to be developed in the pulp and paper industry worldwide to meet stricter environmental regulation and increased public environmental awareness. ECF (Element-chlorine-free) and TCF (Total-chlorine-free) bleaching sequence had been used in bleaching plant to reduce the amount of chlorinated organic compounds in the bleach plant effluent. Oxygen delignification was gradually becoming a …     

耐热木聚糖酶助漂针叶木硫酸盐浆的研究

探讨了嗜热真菌耐热木聚糖酶助漂针叶木硫酸盐浆的应用前景.着重研究了应用耐热木聚糖酶进行生物助漂的酶用量、酶处理的pH值以及漂白用氯量等影响因素.结果表明,在不影响纸浆的各项性能的情况下,经酶处理的纸浆白度相比对照增加1.06%~5.11%ISO.同时,酶处理纸浆漂白时可减少漂白用氯量.另外,在偏碱性条件下进行酶处理对纸浆漂白效果的影响较为显著.纸浆纤维的扫描电镜结果显示,酶未对纤维造成损伤,而是改善了纸浆纤维的可漂性.该耐热木聚糖酶非常适宜应用于酶助漂.     

桉树制浆造纸性能的研究(第二报)——雷州半岛四种桉树浆的漂白试验

<正>对柠檬桉烧碱—蒽醌浆(AP+AQ)和硫酸盐浆(KP)进行了H单段,H—H两段,C—E—H三段以及C—E—H—D四段漂白试验。对雷林一号桉、草律桉、窿缘桉硫酸盐浆还做了H单段漂白性能的对比试验。结果表明:在用氯量7％、浆浓6％,温度40℃、时间3小时的H单段漂白条件下,柠檬桉(AP+AQ)和柠檬桉(KP)的白度均可达70度以上。采用C—E—H—D四段漂,用氯量为6％,柠檬桉(AP+AQ)的白度超过80度,D.P.在800以上。四种桉树中,雷林一号桉的漂白性能最好,窿缘桉最难漂白,草律桉与柠檬桉的漂白性能相近。柠檬桉、草律桉、雷林一号桉制得的漂白浆,物理强度甚好,裂断长6060—8050米,耐折度59—413次,可以用来生产一般文化用纸,也可考虑用来生产某些高级纸张。     

STUDY ON THE ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE BLEACHING OF BAMBOO KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONChina is a country using the most variety of non-wood fiber raw material and is the largest country producing non-wood fiber pulp and paper in the world[1]. Bamboo is one kind of the main non-wood species for papermaking in China. Although the structure of raw materials for papermaking has being adjusted through increasing the proportion of wood pulp and by effectively utilizing waste paper source, non-wood species will still remain an important fiber resource[1,2].At present…     

ENZYMATIC DEINKING OF OLD NEWSPRINT WITH CELLULASES AND XYLANASE

The enzymatic deinking and fiber modification of old newsprint (ONP) with several cellulases and xylanase were investigated and the suitable enzyme candidates were selected for ONP deinking in this paper. The results demonstrated that the cellulases and hemicellulases could significantly improve the deinking efficiency and fiber modification.Moreover, the synergistic effects of Novozym342 and xylanase (HC) can further enhance the deinking performance, reduce the dirt count and improve the brightness of resulting pulp. Additionally, compared to deinked pulps, obtained from conventional chemical materials, enzymatically deinked pulps had better bleachability, and the brightness of the bleached pulp reached 59.1% ISO, 9% ISO higher than the unbleached pulp.     

白腐菌改性桉木CTMP浆的漂白研究

利用白腐菌改性处理可以显著提高机械浆的强度性能,有利于拓宽机械浆的应用范围.本文采用白腐菌Trametes hirsute 196对桉木CTMP浆进行改性处理,并探讨了白腐菌处理后纸浆的漂白工艺.研究结果表明:白腐菌处理使桉木CTMP浆白度值从49.6%下降到37.8%,且这种改性后纸浆的可漂性较差,H2O2和Na2S2O4单段漂后纸浆白度均在60%以下,但采用Na2S2O4—H2O2两段组合漂白工艺可以使漂后Bio-CTMP浆白度达到71.3%.     

ENZYMATIC BLEACHING OF WHEAT STRAW SODA-AQ PULP BY LMS TREATMENT

Laccase has been proven that it has a good selectivity and efficiency in pulp bleaching. In this paper, the effects of LMS (Laccase Mediator System) treatment on delignification and bleaching of wheat straw pulp at various conditions, such as laccase dosage,temperature, oxygen pressure and pH, were investigated. The TCF sequence including LMS can bleach the wheat straw pulp to 81% ISO brightness with good strength. The synergetic biobleaching of LMS and xylanase of wheat straw pulp was also investigated. It was found that the final brightness and strength of synergetic biobleaching pulps increased to a certain extent and the bleaching selectivity was improved. The combination of the enzymes is feasible for the delignification and bleaching.     

COMPARISON OF ECF-LIGHT,TCF AND CEH BLEACHING OF NON-NOOD FIBERS

A comparative evaluation of DQP, OQP and CEH bleaching of non-wood fibres has revealed that wheat straw, reed, bagasse and bamboo pulps can be bleached to brightness levels of just above 80% ISO,when applying an OQP bleaching sequence and to brightness levels of about 85% ISO when applying the DQP sequence using 10 - 15 kg/tp of ClO2 (aC1.),15 - 20 kg/tp of H2O2 together with 1 - 2 kg/tp of EDTA. The P.C. numbers of the DQP and OQP bleached pulps are much lower and the viscosity much higher than those of the CEH bleached pulps.Compared with CEH pulps, both the DQP and OQP pulps had better strength properties, particularly Tear Index. In spite of their higher final brightness levels,the DQP pulps show similar or better strength properties than the OQP pulps. A comparison of the CEH and DQP effluents showed that the DQP bleaching could reduce the pollution load (CODCDBOD5, SS) by 35 to 60% without the need for recirculation of any effluent streams. The AOX levels could be reduced by 87 to 93%.     

EVALUATION OF SAMAAR MORR (JUNCUS ACUTUS) PLANT AS RAW MATERIAL FOR PAPER MAKING

The potential use of Samaar Morr (JUNCUS A CUTUS) plant as fibrous material in papermaking was evaluated in this study. The chemical analysis and fibre charactersitcs of this plant were determined for better understanding its behaviour in papermaking. Samaar morr stalks were subjected to sulfur-free three-stage (peroxyformic acid, formic acid, peroxyformic acid) Milox process. Some conventional pulping experiments such as soda,soda-anthraquinon (S-AQ), kraft and kraft-AQ pulping in addition to two- and one-stage peroxyformic acid pulping were also carried out for comparison with the three-stage peroxyformic acid pulping method. It was found that the pulping with Milox process produces pulp with good properties compared to the pulp produced from the other methods. The physical and optical properties of different pulps were also examined. The behaviour of Milox samaar morr pulp towards bleaching with alkaline hydrogen peroxide has been investigated in presence and absence of formic acid. The results showed that the final brightness about 81.5% ISO could be achieved after 3% peroxide in two bleaching steps with formic acid treatment between the two steps.