耐热耐碱木聚糖酶对马尾松KP浆的助漂性能

根据预处理前后纸浆黏度和卡伯值的变化,研究了耐热耐碱木聚糖酶X对马尾松硫酸盐浆预处理的选择性;通 过分析酶预处理对各漂段白度和终漂黏度的影响,揭示了该酶对D0E1D1E2D2漂白特性的影响。结果表明：耐热耐碱 木聚糖酶X预处理具有较高的助漂选择性,处理后纸浆的卡伯值和黏度变化不大;耐热耐碱木聚糖酶X的适应性较广 ,在pH 8.0~9.5、温度为75~80 ℃范围内都可以发挥其有效的助漂作用;在相同漂剂用量下,耐热耐碱木聚糖酶X预 处理可提高浆的终漂白度,而黏度略有下降,在达到相同白度(90 % ISO)时可减少D0段ClO2用量26 %~27 %。     

低纤维素酶活木聚糖酶对麦草浆的辅助漂白作用

利用低纤维素酶活木聚糖酶对麦草浆进行预处理,研究木聚糖酶在氯、碱、次氯酸盐(CEH)三段漂白中对氯气用量的减少以及对漂白过程中纸浆木质纤维组分变化的影响。结果表明:经过木聚糖酶预处理,在保证纸浆漂后白度的同时,氯气用量可以减少50%;木聚糖酶预处理对纸浆中的木素有脱除作用,且能促进木素在碱抽提过程中的溶出,但木聚糖酶对戊聚糖和纤维素也有不同程度的降解作用;酶处理浆漂后的木素和半纤维素的含量略低于未经处理的对照浆,纤维素含量则略高于对照浆。     

改良木聚糖酶辅助漂白芦苇浆的工艺研究

采用分子改良后的木聚糖酶对芦苇浆进行生物预处理,考察了改良木聚糖酶辅助漂白的效果。结果表明,酶预处理可以降低CEH三段漂白中氯化C段的氯气用量60%。改良木聚糖酶预处理辅助漂白芦苇纸浆最佳条件为:pH为7.0,温度60℃,浆浓(质量分数)5%,酶用量12μmol/(min.g),预处理时间60 min。在此条件下C段氯用量降至对照的40%时,酶处理漂后样品白度可达到84.0%(ISO),高出对照样的白度3.7%(ISO)。改良木聚糖酶预处理还能够改善纸浆漂后样的物理性能。     

S7木聚糖酶辅助非木浆DQP漂白的效果

使用重组毕赤酵母基因工程菌发酵所得的S7木聚糖酶对麦草浆、芦苇浆、竹浆3种非木浆进行预处理(70℃,pH9.0),随后进行无元素氯DQP漂白,并与两种商品酶AU-PE89和Pulpzyme HC的助漂效果进行比较.结果表明,使用等量的化学助漂剂时,在高温强碱的条件下进行预处理的S7木聚糖酶,可将非木浆白度提高1%ISO以上,并可降低非木浆的卡伯值,提高非木浆的物理强度,效果与商品酶相近.通过扫描电子显微镜观察发现,经酶处理的纤维表面出现明显变化.     

木素含量和纤维回用次数对漆酶改善纸浆强度的影响

取未漂和漂白硫酸盐浆进行浆料复配和纤维回用实验,考察木素含量和纤维回用次数对漆酶处理改善纸浆性能的影响.漆酶处理后复配浆的强度性能提高,尤其湿强度提高明显,随着漂白浆比例的增加,浆中木素含量减少,经漆酶处理后纸浆强度增幅逐渐降低.漆酶处理后未漂浆的湿抗张指数提高33.45%,当漂白浆含量为40%时湿强的增幅减小为2.72%,说明适宜的木素含量是漆酶催化提高纸浆强度的必要条件.回用浆经漆酶处理后纤维性能得到改善,但随着纤维回用次数的增加,漆酶增强幅度呈降低趋势.纤维性能测试结果表明纤维回用过程中纤维长度和宽度降低,针叶木细小纤维含量略有减少,阔叶木细小纤维含量变化与此相反,漆酶处理后纤维性能无明显变化.扫描电镜检测说明漆酶处理后纸浆纤维间产生"黏合"现象.     

硫酸盐木浆含酶预处理的无元素氯和全无氯漂白

针叶木硫酸盐浆用木聚糖酶Ｉｒｇａｚｙｍｅ ４０－Ｘ４进行预处理,然后进行各种无元素氯和全无氯漂白。实验结果表明,酶预处理能提高后续漂白效果,提高白度,降低卡伯值,并改善纸浆的粘度,在不用元素氯的情况下,能将纸浆漂白到８８％ＩＳＯ以上的白度。     

国外撷英

利用生物酶减少造纸氯污染 在造纸工业中,通常采用氯化物作为漂白剂,漂过纸浆的氯酸盐废液大都未经处理排入江河,严重污染环境。为了解决造纸生产中氯化物对环境的污染问题,美国佐治亚洲大学的生物化学教授埃里克森和化学工程师戴维·惠特迈采用木聚糖酶(在半纤维素溶解中被用作催化剂的一种生物酶)分解纸浆中的半纤维素,取得了良好的漂白效果。 据研究者称,用生物酶漂白工艺代替氯化物漂白工艺,可将造纸生产中使用的氯减少70％,这意味着排入到环境中的有害化合物量将大大减少。     

KRAFT WOOD PULP TCF AND ECF BLEACHING WITH ENZYME PRETREATMENT *

针叶木硫酸盐浆用木聚糖酶Ｉｒｇａｚｙｍｅ４０＿Ｘ４进行预处理,然后进行各种无元素氯（ＥＣＦ）和全无氯（ＴＣＦ）漂白．实验结果表明,酶预处理能提高后续漂白效果,提高白度,降低卡伯值,并改善纸浆的粘度,在不用元素氯的情况下,能将纸浆漂白到８８％ＩＳＯ以上的白度     

重组木聚糖酶预处理对麦草浆漂白性能的影响

利用来自里氏木霉不含纤维素酶的重组木聚糖酶对麦草浆进行预处理,以减少后续漂白药剂 的用量,降低漂白废水污染负荷。结果表明：采用重组木聚糖酶预处理时较合适的预处理条件为 pH=60、温度50 ℃、浆浓(质量分数)7 %、时间1 h、酶用量5 μmol/(min·g)。在此处理条件下 ,浆料的卡伯值与原浆和对照浆相比分别降低了27.98 %和18.71 %。麦草浆经过重组木聚糖酶预处 理后再采用次氯酸钠漂白至与对照浆相近白度时(72.6 %,ISO),可以节省用氯量50 %。经重组木聚 糖酶处理后浆料的纤维素结晶度反而有所提高,由原来的60.0 %上升到63.5 %。通过电镜照片观察 ,从理论上证明了重组木聚糖酶预处理可节省后续漂白时漂剂用量。     

碱性H_2O_2处理蔗渣化学浆的漂白效应

目前采用次氯骏盐漂白纸浆纤维的损伤大,废水严重污染.研究采用无污染漂白剂H_2O_2探索了总碱、碱比、预处理和漂温等对漂白过程的影响和作用机理,指出H_2SO_4预处理后的蔗渣化学浆,在NaOH用量1.5%、Na_2SiO_3用量3.5%、MgSO_4用量0.05%、70℃的漂温下漂白2小时H_2O_2消耗2.367%,经草酸适当的中和还原后,漂浆的白度从39.5%(SBD)提高到7l%,白度增值高,白度的稳定性好,得率也高,因之H_2O_2漂白剂是发展我国草浆漂白有前途的力法.     

ENZYMATIC BLEACHING OF WHEAT STRAW SODA-AQ PULP BY LMS TREATMENT

Laccase has been proven that it has a good selectivity and efficiency in pulp bleaching. In this paper, the effects of LMS (Laccase Mediator System) treatment on delignification and bleaching of wheat straw pulp at various conditions, such as laccase dosage,temperature, oxygen pressure and pH, were investigated. The TCF sequence including LMS can bleach the wheat straw pulp to 81% ISO brightness with good strength. The synergetic biobleaching of LMS and xylanase of wheat straw pulp was also investigated. It was found that the final brightness and strength of synergetic biobleaching pulps increased to a certain extent and the bleaching selectivity was improved. The combination of the enzymes is feasible for the delignification and bleaching.     

桉木硫酸盐浆LMS生物漂白的研究

进行了桉木硫酸盐将漆酶一介体系统（LMS）生物漂白的研究,漆酶由白腐菌Panus conchatus固体发酵并分纯化而制得;一种新的介体－－N－羟基乙酰苯胺（NHA）自行合成,采用L／MQP漂白流程,仅用2％（质量分数）的H2O2就将桉木常规硫酸盐浆（EMCC－O）可达到87．6％ISO的白度,生物漂白的CK浆和EMCC－O浆的粘度都很高,说明漆酶／NHA生物漂白的脱木素选择性很好。     

PEROXYACID ENHANCED OXYGEN DELIGNIFICATION OF KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONNew pulping and bleaching technologies, which do not use chlorine-base chemicals, continue to be developed in the pulp and paper industry worldwide to meet stricter environmental regulation and increased public environmental awareness. ECF (Element-chlorine-free) and TCF (Total-chlorine-free) bleaching sequence had been used in bleaching plant to reduce the amount of chlorinated organic compounds in the bleach plant effluent. Oxygen delignification was gradually becoming a …     

STUDY ON THE ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE BLEACHING OF BAMBOO KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONChina is a country using the most variety of non-wood fiber raw material and is the largest country producing non-wood fiber pulp and paper in the world[1]. Bamboo is one kind of the main non-wood species for papermaking in China. Although the structure of raw materials for papermaking has being adjusted through increasing the proportion of wood pulp and by effectively utilizing waste paper source, non-wood species will still remain an important fiber resource[1,2].At present…     

ENZYMATIC DEINKING OF OLD NEWSPRINT WITH CELLULASES AND XYLANASE

The enzymatic deinking and fiber modification of old newsprint (ONP) with several cellulases and xylanase were investigated and the suitable enzyme candidates were selected for ONP deinking in this paper. The results demonstrated that the cellulases and hemicellulases could significantly improve the deinking efficiency and fiber modification.Moreover, the synergistic effects of Novozym342 and xylanase (HC) can further enhance the deinking performance, reduce the dirt count and improve the brightness of resulting pulp. Additionally, compared to deinked pulps, obtained from conventional chemical materials, enzymatically deinked pulps had better bleachability, and the brightness of the bleached pulp reached 59.1% ISO, 9% ISO higher than the unbleached pulp.     

EFFECTS OF PROCESSING OPERATIONS ON ZETA POTENTIAL AND CATIONIC DEMAND OF PULPS

Thc zeta potential and cationic demands of various kraft pulps - unbleached, bleached and beaten to different freeness levels were determined in the laboratory. The zeta potential of pulp where the final stage was a lignin degrading and dissolving treatment such as alkaline extraction or hypochlorite was lower than the unbleached pulp. The cationic demand of unbleached pulp was higher compared to that of bleached pulp. Beaten pulps showed larger cationic demands than the unbeaten pulps, which can be attributed to the larger specific surface area of pulp components. Fibres become increasingly electronegative when beaten and therefore cationic demand of pulps increases with beating. When the zeta potential method is used with furnishes of different freeness,the linear relationship is observed. However, the slope is decreasing with the decrease in freeness of the pulp.     

纸浆的酶生物漂白及其机理

应用白腐菌（Ｗｈｉｔｅｒｏｔｂａｓｉｄｉｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｆｕｎｇｕｓ）产生的降解木素的三种酶类木素过氧化物酶［（Ｌｉｇｎｉｎｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，Ｌｉｐ）（ＥＣ．１．１１．１．１４）］、锰过氧化物酶［（Ｍｎ－ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，ＭｎＰ）（ＥＣ．１．１１．１．１３）］和漆酶［（Ｌａｃｃａｓｅ，Ｌａｃ）（ＥＣ．１．１０．３．２）］及黑曲霉（Ａ．ｎｉｇｅｒ）产生降解半纤维素的聚木糖酶［（Ｘｙｌａｎａｓｅ）（ＥＣ．３．２．１．４）］和桉木（Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓ）硫酸盐浆作用，结果显示，酶处理能降低纸浆的卡伯值（Ｋａｐｐａｖａｌｕｅ），提高白度，而对粘度降低较少．ＧＣ和ＦＴＩＲ分析表明，经酶处理后，纸浆中的发色基团和助色基因减少，阿拉伯糖和木糖含量降低，按木ＫＰ浆木素－碳水化合物复合物（ＬＣＣ）的木素－阿拉伯糖基及木素－木糖基结合键断裂，并活化木素分子的芳香环结构，促进木素的溶出，提高了纸浆的白度和可漂性．生物漂白废液的污染负荷降低了．     

硫酸盐木浆漂白前木聚糖酶预处理的研究

研究了木聚糖酶用于硫酸盐木浆 H2 O2 漂白前预处理的工艺条件 ,结果表明 ,预处理最佳工艺条件为 :酶用量为每克浆 2 0 IU ,时间 3h,浆浓为 6 %。在相同的 H2 O2 漂白条件下 ,经酶处理后的浆料白度可提高 2 %～ 3% SBD。