感染新疆番茄的一种杆状病毒的鉴定

从新疆感病毒番茄分离到一株属于类草花叶病毒组的病毒，感病番茄显示生长阻滞，叶片皱缩花叶畸形以及坏死等系统侵染症状；该病毒可经汁液传播侵染属于１０科的１８种草本植物，但不能经桃蚜传播，感病组织粗汁液和提纯病毒制备物在ＳＤＳ双向免疫扩散试验和酶联免疫吸附试验中与烟草花叶病毒ＵＩ株系抗血肖发生强烈的免疫反应，该病毒的病毒粒子为长２９０ｎｍ，宽２０ｎｍ的直杆状病毒粒子，其体外存活期在粗汁液中２个月，在干组     

危害新疆西瓜的一种线状病毒的研究

从新疆染病的西瓜分离到一种线状病毒,该病毒可经汁液传播侵染属于６个科的１７种草本植物;染病的西瓜、哈密瓜和西葫芦引起植株生长阻滞、叶片皱缩、褪绿、泡斑、黄花叶以至坏死等系统侵染症状;该病毒可经桃蚜以非持久性方式传播;该病毒的病毒粒子为长约７５０ｍｍ的线形病毒粒子,在染病组织中形成风轮状内含体,证明该病毒属于马铃薯Ｙ病毒组;染病组织粗汁液提纯病毒制备物在ＳＤＳ双向免疫扩散试验中与小西葫芦黄花叶病毒抗     

斑点免疫结合法检测3种植物病毒

研究了改进的斑点免疫结合法在检测芜菁花叶病毒、烟草花叶病毒和小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒中的应用.无论是使用全抗血清还是纯化的免疫球蛋白,检测感染组织粗汁液中的病毒或纯化的病毒,均获得了满意的结果.同时进行的斑点免疫结合试验、酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫吸附电子显微术等的比较结果表明:无论是检测纯化病毒还是感染组织粗汁液中的病毒,斑点免疫结合法的检测敏感性均优于后2种方法,病毒的可测感度芜菁花叶病毒为0.65ng,烟草花叶病毒为0.39 ng,小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒为0.45 ng;应用碱性磷酸酶标记抗体及羟基吲哚磷酸盐和氮兰四唑为底物较为合适,这种底物可在室温下长期保存,并且反应产物为不褪色的紫色,易于观察和保存.     

侵染波斯毛莨的蚕豆萎蔫病毒的鉴定与提纯

从波斯毛莨花卉上分离到一株病毒分离物R89—1,浸染波斯毛莨叶片表现为不规则的黄斑和坏死斑,易经汁液摩擦接种.可经桃蚜以非持久性方式传播.能侵染测试的11科40种植物中的7科23种.病毒粒体为正20面体,直径约25nm.在琼脂双扩散试验中与蚕豆萎蔫病毒(B—BWV)的抗血清发生沉淀反应.根据上述特征,K89—1分离物鉴定为蚕豆萎蔫病毒.蚕豆萎蔫病毒用感染的昆诺阿藜叶片通过丁醇澄清及聚乙二醇沉淀容易提纯,每100g叶组织可获22mg病毒.提纯的病毒制剂具有典型的核蛋白紫外吸收曲线,最大吸收波长为259nm,最小吸收波长为241nm,A260/A280为1.67.在蔗糖密度梯度离心中含有上、中、下三条沉淀带.利用提纯的病毒制备的抗血清经微量沉淀试验效价达1/2048.     

芜菁花叶病毒崇明大白菜Y_(12)分离株的生物学鉴定

上海郊区青菜上流行的病毒病,经过近几年的研究,初步明确病毒主要属于以下三个类群:烟草花叶病毒(群)(TMV)、芜菁花叶病毒(T_PMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV).1980年前徐来升等已自青菜上分离出属于TMV群的长叶车前花叶病毒上海分离株(RMV(?));1980～1981年徐来升等又自崇明大白菜上分离出芜菁花叶病毒崇明分离株     

新疆哈密瓜上两种病毒病的提纯和血清学特性

1982—1983年,作者等对从新疆哈密瓜上分离出的两种病毒西瓜花叶病毒2号(简称WMV—2)和黄瓜花叶病毒(简称CMV)进行了提纯,制备了抗血清。用部分提纯的CMV注射兔子,获得了1/512效价的抗血清。用制备的抗血清与CMV—3(黄瓜株系)和CMV—4(豇豆株系)进行了琼质双扩散,发现新疆哈密瓜上的CMV与CMV—3和CMV—4有一定相关。WMV—2提纯比较困难,因为在提纯过程中病毒极易聚集。用PEG沉淀法病毒重新悬浮困难,丢失较多,最后采用差速离心。在超速离心对加20％蔗糖垫。在两次差速离心后再经一次20—(?)%蔗糖梯度离心,得到了较好的提纯效果,制备了1/64效价的抗血清。用作者等制备的WMV—2抗血清与美国、丹麦和日本的WMV抗血清进行了比较试验,证实新疆的WMV—2与美国和丹麦的WMV—2有相同的抗原性。用作者等制备的WMV—2抗血清与哈密瓜病株的蔓、叶、花、果及种子进行血清反应,发现病株的蔓、叶、花、果各部均有大量病毒存在。     

提高芜菁花叶病毒得率的方法

改进了芜菁花叶病毒的分离纯化方法，避免了分离纯化芜菁花叶病毒过程中通常遇到的病毒粒子聚集的现象，提高了病毒的得率，这为研究芜菁花叶病毒提供了有效的分离纯化方法。     

豇豆病毒病的鉴定

1983年9月,从新疆石河子豇豆病毒病植株上分离到1株病毒分离物Cp—1。汁液摩擦接种试验的结果证明,它可以侵染三种豆科植物和二种藜科植物。在豇豆上引起系统花叶,叶片皱缩,下卷并有疱疹等症状;在绿豆上表现为局部病斑。体外抗性测定,失毒温度为55—60℃,稀释限点为10~(-3)—10~(-4)。体外保毒期3—4天。Cp—1汁液易摩擦接种,桃蚜、棉黑蚜均可传毒,可通过种子传毒,种传率为10.6％。病毒粒体线条状,大小为12—5×700—750纤米。病株叶片细胞内有风轮状内含体。该分离物与豇豆蚜传花叶病毒(CA-BMV)的抗血清形成明显的沉淀线。根据以上性状,分离物Cp—1属于马铃薯y病毒组的豇豆蚜传花叶病毒。在新疆各地采取21个标样,经血清学和寄主范围测定,有13个标样属该病毒,约占62％。说明豇豆蚜传花叶病毒在新疆种植的豇豆上是普遍存在的。     

宝坻大蒜病毒病原的初步研究

宝坻蒜区的栽培大蒜普遍感染病毒,发病率几乎百分之百。病毒病的主要症状是花叶,并伴随有叶片黄化,扭曲畸形,植株矮化。病叶的汁液作电镜负柒,发现有大量的线状病毒颗粒,主要分为两种:15nm×600—1200nm和9—10nm×600nm;病叶细胞超微结构中,存在典型的风轮状内含体;经免疫电镜方法,发现两种颗粒与烟草花叶病毒(TMV)抗血清反应为阴性,与马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)抗血清反应为阳性;感染了蒜病毒的昆诺阿藜,在叶子上产生枯斑症状。初步研究认为,宝坻大蒜感染的是属于PVY的大蒜花叶病毒(GMV);通过超离心方法已经得到了两种线状病毒的复合提取物。     

感染新疆大豆的一种球形病毒的免疫电子显微诊断

研究了免疫电子显微镜技术在感染新疆大豆的一种球形病毒的诊断中的应用.预先用黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)抗血清包被的电子显微镜载网可从大豆感病叶组织浸出液中,捕获到大量的直径为28～30 nm的球形病毒粒子,而用大豆矮缩病毒(Soybean dwarf virus, SDV)等14种直径为28～30 nm的球形病毒的抗血清以及正常兔血清包被的电镜载网却不具有在相同的大豆感病叶组织浸出液中捕获这种病毒粒子的能力,说明CMV抗血清包被的电镜载网对病毒粒子的捕获具有高度的敏感性和特异性.实验表明,经高度稀释的CMV抗血清包被的电镜载网仍能捕获到大量相关的病毒粒子;将该电镜载网贮存于4 ℃下6星期之久,仍然保持了原有的捕获病毒粒子的能力;每个样品的全部检测程序可以在约30 min内完成.敏感性高、特异性强的免疫电子显微镜技术为研究感染新疆大豆的CMV的流行规律提供了迅速、准确的手段.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.