钨酸铅晶体中掺杂阳离子的计算机模拟

用缺陷化学方法讨论了Nd3 、Th4 、Sb5 掺杂PbWO4(PWO)中可能存在的杂质缺陷模型,用GULP软件计算了不同杂质缺陷的生成能.计算结果表明,Nd3 和Th4 将占据PWO晶体中VP2b-周围的Pb位,对VP2b-的电荷补偿抑制了PWO晶体中420 nm吸收带.Sb5 在高浓度掺杂时将占据PWO晶体中V2O 周围的W位,并由于占据W位所呈现的一价负电性补偿V2O 的正电性,使孤立的铅空位增多,引起350 nm吸收的减弱和420 nm吸收的增强.     

钨酸铅晶体中F型色心电子结构的研究

运用相对论性的密度泛函离散变分（DV-Xα）方法模拟计算了PbWO4（PWO）晶体中F型色心的电子结构,得到了PWO晶体的态密度分布,讨论了色心的可能光学跃迁模式,并用过渡态方法计算了跃迁能量。计算结果表明,F、F^＋心在PWO晶体的禁带中引入了施主能级,F、F^＋心可向W 5d轨道发生跃迁,其跃迁能分别是1.83eV、2.28eV,因此,可推断F、F^＋心能引起PWO晶体中680nm、550nm的吸收。     

对不同掺杂浓度La~(3 )∶PbWO_4晶体电子结构的研究

采用缺陷化学方法讨论了PbWO4晶体中不同浓度掺La3 时可能存在的缺陷团簇模型.通过GULP计算软件模拟计算了缺陷团簇中La3 离子最可能的替位位置,并通过基于密度泛函理论的离散变分DV Xα方法计算得到相应的La3 ∶PWO4晶体的电子态密度.计算得到低浓度掺杂时晶体的禁带宽度变宽,高浓度掺杂时晶体的禁带宽度变窄.实验测得低浓度掺La3 时晶体的吸收边紫移,高浓度掺La3 时晶体的吸收边红移,计算结果与实验结果相符.计算表明,La3 ∶PWO4晶体中掺La3 可以有效地抑制420 nm吸收.     

对不同掺杂浓度La3+:PbWO4晶体电子结构的研究

采用缺陷化学方法讨论了PbWO4晶体中不同浓度掺La^3＋时可能存在的缺陷团簇模型，通过GULP计算软件模拟计算了缺陷团簇中La^3＋离子最可能的替位位置，并通过基于密度泛函理论的离散变分DV-Xa方法计算得到相应的La3^＋：PWO4晶体的电子态密度．计算得到低浓度掺杂时晶体的禁带宽度变宽，高浓度掺杂时晶体的禁带宽度变窄．实验测得低浓度掺La^3＋时晶体的吸收边紫移，高浓度掺La^3＋时晶体的吸收边红移，计算结果与实验结果相符、计算表明，La^3＋：PWO4晶体中掺La^3＋可以有效地抑制420nm吸收.     

二价离子掺杂钨酸铅晶体的计算机模拟

应用GULP软件计算了PbWO4(PWO)晶体中分别掺杂Zn、Ca二价离子的相关缺陷生成能,并对计算结果进行了讨论.结果表明,Zn离子进入PWO晶体中只能占据铅空位附近的填隙位置,而Ca离子进入PWO晶体中可以占据铅空位,也可以占据铅空位附近的填隙位置,这两种情况出现几率近似;对于相同的掺杂浓度,在掺Zn的PWO晶体中的孤立铅空位数量比掺Ca的PWO晶体中少,从而掺Zn可以更好地抑制与铅空位有关的短波段吸收,增加晶体的光产额.     

钼酸铅晶体势参数的拟合及本征缺陷的模拟计算

在已有PbWO4晶体势参数的基础上,根据势参数的可转移性,用GULP软件拟合出Pb-MoO4(PMO)晶体的势参数.利用这些参数计算了PMO的晶格生成能、本征缺陷生成能和缺陷簇的结合能.计算结果表明,V2O -VP2b-空位对和F心是PMO晶体中的本征缺陷,并以[V2O -VP2b-]空位对和[V2O 2e]的形式实现电荷补偿.     

掺K钨酸铅晶体的计算机模拟

应用计算机模拟方法计算分析了掺杂K离子的PbWO4晶体，在不同杂质离子浓度下，K离子的位置及伴随的各种可能存在的缺陷的生成能，明确了晶体掺杂后的缺陷化学及相应的缺陷反应，揭示了低浓度掺K^ ：PbWO4的350nm吸收带减弱的原因．计算结果表明，高浓度掺K离子将消除420nm吸收带，改善PbWO4晶体的抗辐照损伤性能．     

填隙氧离子对钨酸铅晶体光学性质的影响及绿光起源的研究

应用GULP软件按照能量最低原理确定了钨酸铅(PWO)晶体中填隙氧离子的位置,再用CASTEP软件计算了完整PWO晶体和含有填隙氧离子的PWO晶体的总态密度、分态密度和吸收光谱.计算结果表明,填隙氧离子的存在不会造成PWO晶体可见光区的显著吸收;PWO晶体中的绿光中心可能起源于WO4 Oi.     

第一性原理研究BaMoO_4晶体中F和F~+色心的电子结构

运用相对论密度泛函离散变分法(DV-Xa)计算了BaM004晶体中F和F+色心的电子结构.结果表明:F和F+心在禁带中引入了新的施主能级,采用过渡态的方法计算得到了F和F+心到导带底部的跃迁能量分别为1.86 eV和2.11 eV,对应668 nm和590 nm的吸收.由此说明BaMoO4晶体中668 am和590 nm吸收带起源于晶体中的F和F+心.     

SrWO_4晶体中F型色心电子结构的研究

运用相对论的密度泛函离散变分法(DV-Xa)研究了SrWO4晶体中F型色心的电子结构.计算结果表明,F和F+心在禁带中引入了新的施主能级;从施主能级到导带底的电子跃迁能分别是1.858,2.14 eV,这分别与669,581 nm的吸收带相对应.由此说明SrWO4晶体中669,581 nm吸收带起源于晶体中的F和F+心.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-