磺化聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

以二氟二苯甲酮(DFK)、磺化二氟二苯甲酮(SDFK)和双酚A为原料,合成了双酚A型磺化聚芳醚酮(SPAEK-A),通过FT-IR对其结构进行了表征,并对离子交换容量、磺化度、拉伸强度、弹性模量及热性能进行了测试.结果表明:双酚A型磺化聚芳醚酮具有良好的性能,可以满足质子交换膜的要求.     

杂环聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮及其共聚物合成与性能研究

以自制的新型类双酚化合物4-（2-甲基-4-羟基苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮（mM-HPPZ)为单体,与4,4′-二氟二苯酮,4,4′-二氯二苯砜进行溶液缩聚反应,合成了一类新型间甲基取代聚芳醚砜（PPES）、聚芳醚酮（PPEK）及其共聚物聚芳醚砜酮（PPESK,n(S)/n(K)=1/1)材料,并对其聚合条件作了初步探讨;利用核磁共振、红外光谱分析研究了双酚单体及其聚合物的结构,利用DSC、TGA对聚合物的耐热性能进行了分析。实验结果表明,该类双酚单体具有与双酚类似的活性,可以进行聚合反应,新型间甲基取代聚芳醚玻璃化转变温度高（Tg=520-558K);耐热稳定性好,其在氮气氛下5%热失重温度为693K左右,合成的间甲基取代聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮及其共聚物聚芳醚砜酮在氯仿、四氯乙烷、四氢呋喃和酰胺类溶剂中可溶解成膜。     

对苯二酚型磺化聚芳醚酮的合成与性能

以双(4-(对氟苯甲酰基)苯基)苯基氧化磷(FPPPO)和对苯二酚聚合制得对苯二酚型含磷聚芳醚酮(PAEK-H).用浓硫酸直接磺化PAEK-H,制得对苯二酚型磺化聚芳醚酮(SPAEK-H),并通过改变磺化时间来控制磺化度.利用红外光谱,核磁共振对SPAEK-H的结构进行了表征,用热重分析仪对其热性能进行了分析.通过计算得到了SPAEK-H的离子交换容量(IEC)和磺化度(DS)值,并对其力学性能进行了测试.     

4,4′-二苯氧基二苯砜-对苯二甲酰氯-间苯二甲酰氯三元共聚物的合成与性能

以4,4′-二苯氧基二苯砜(DPODPS)、对苯二甲酰氯(TPC)和间苯二甲酰氯(IPC)为单体,无水AlCl3/二氯乙烷(DCE)/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为催化溶剂体系,通过低温溶液共缩聚反应,合成系列聚芳醚砜醚酮酮(PESEKKS),用IR、DSC、WAXD、TG等技术对聚合物进行了结构和性能的表征.研究结果表明,随着高分子主链中间位苯基结构单元的增加,对共聚物玻璃化转变温度(Tg)影响不大,熔融温度(Tm)和结晶度则逐渐降低,但仍保持良好的耐热性,溶解性得到进一步改善.     

含1,4-亚萘基的聚芳醚酮的合成与性能研究

以无水AlCl3/ClCH2CH2Cl/NMP为催化剂/溶剂体系,通过亲电缩聚反应,由二苯醚(DPE),对苯二甲酰氯(TPC)和4,4′-二(α-萘氧基)二苯酮(DNBP)合成了一类新型主链含1,4-亚萘基结构的聚醚酮酮/聚醚酮醚酮酮(PEKK/PEKEKK)无规共聚物。研究了DNBP结构单元对共聚物性能的影响,并对其进行了IR、DSC、TG、WAXD等分析表征。结果表明,共聚物具有优良的耐热性和耐溶剂性,随着共聚物中DNBP结构单元含量的增加,其玻璃化温度(Tg)逐渐升高,而熔融温度(Tm)和结晶度逐渐降低,热分解温度(Td)均大于540℃。与PEKK相比,共聚物的断裂伸长率明显提高,拉伸强度和拉伸模量略有下降,但仍具有良好的力学性能。     

含六氟异丙烷结构的聚芳醚酮和聚芳醚砜的合成与性能

以双酚AF和4,4-二氟二苯酮、4,4-二氯二苯砜为单体采用亲核取代反应,通过缩聚法合成了新型含氟聚芳醚酮(PAEK-AF)和含氟聚芳醚砜(PAES-AF)。凭借FT-IR、GPC、DSC、TGA等分析手段对聚合物的结构和性能进行了表征和研究。结果表明:所合成的PAEK-AF和PAES-AF具有较高的分子量(Mw>2.4×105);良好的耐热性(玻璃化转变温度Tg分别为163、200℃),优异的热稳定性(空气中失重5%的温度分别为515、525℃);1 MHz下的介电常数分别是1.69和1.89;良好的溶解性,室温下能溶解在N甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃、氯仿等有机溶剂中。     

联苯型聚芳醚砜醚酮酮共聚物的合成与表征

以无水AlCl₃/二氯乙烷(DCE)/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为复合溶剂体系,在低温条件下,以4,4’-二苯氧基二苯砜(DPODPS)、对苯二甲酰氯(TPC)、4,4’-联苯二甲酰氯(BPPC)为原料通过亲电共缩聚反应制得一系列聚芳醚砜醚酮酮(PESEKKs),用FT-IR、DSC、TG、WAXD等技术对聚合物做了表征.结果表明:随着BPPC含量的增加,共聚物的T_g从194 ℃上升到210 ℃,T_m从223 ℃增加到238 ℃,热分解温度均大于550 ℃,聚合物的耐热性能得到显著提升.经过检测,共聚物的溶解性能良好.     

聚芳醚酮酮、聚芳醚醚酮酮无规共聚物的合成与性能研究

研究了以1,2二氯乙烷为溶剂,以无水三氯化铝/N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）为复合催化体系,在低温条件下,以二苯氧基苯（DPE）、三苯二醚（DPOP）、对苯二甲酰氯（TPC）为原料通过缩聚反应合成的一系列聚芳醚酮酮和聚芳醚醚酮酮的无规共聚物,并用FT-IR、DSC、TGA、X-射线衍射等技术对聚合物进行了表征,结果表明：该系列聚合物为半晶态聚集物,具有很高的热稳定性.     

亲电聚合路线合成聚芳醚酮的研究

聚芳醚酮可采用亲核反应路线和亲电反应路线合成.本文对亲电聚合路线作了较详细的介绍,并对国内外的近期发展作了简要的评述.     

双邻位甲基取代的含间苯基聚芳醚砜醚酮酮/聚醚酮酮三元无规共聚物的合成与表征

以2，2’，6，6’-四甲基-4，4’-二苯氧基二苯砜(o-M2DPODPS)作为第三单体与二苯醚(DPE)、间苯二甲酰氯(IPC)，在无水AlCl3和N，N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的存在下，于1，2-二氯乙烷(DCE)中进行低温溶液缩聚，合成了一系列含有双邻位甲基侧基的聚芳醚砜醚酮酮共聚物，用IR、DSC、WAXD、TGA等方法对其进行了表征．结果表明：随着o-M2DPODPS／DPE比例的不断增加，共聚物的熔融温度逐渐下降，结晶度也随之下降，而玻璃化转变温度升高，具有良好的耐热性能，溶解性能也得到较大的改善．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.