含π-共轭平面取代基的苯乙炔螺旋聚合物的制备

设计并成功合成了一种含π-共轭平面取代基的苯乙炔单体,并通过核磁共振确定了单体的化学结构。以铑催化剂([Rh(nbd)Cl]2)为主催化剂,手性胺苯乙基胺((R)-PEA)为共催化剂的条件下对单体进行螺旋选择性聚合,成功制备了苯乙炔聚合物。通过凝胶渗透色谱测定了聚合物的分子量和分子量分布,并通过圆二色光谱图确定了聚合物具有单手性螺旋结构。     

含有大体积取代基的聚苯乙炔的合成及表征

以4-十二烷氧基-3,5-二甲酰基苯乙炔和十二烷基苯二胺为原料,首次设计并合成了一种含大体积π-共轭平面取代基的苯乙炔衍生物,并通过核磁共振确定了单体的化学结构。以铑络合物二[氯化(二环[2,2,1]庚-2,5-二烯)铑]为催化剂,手性胺(R)-苯乙基胺为共催化剂的手性催化体系中进行聚合,成功制备了含有大体积取代基的聚苯乙炔,该聚合物具有良好的成膜性,在CO2的气体分离方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

溶剂对苯乙炔衍生物EPHG的螺旋聚合的影响

本文合成了4-[(3,5-二异丁基-4-羟基苯)(3,5-二异丁基-4-苯醌基)甲基]苯乙炔单体(EPHG),由铑络合物和手性胺催化体系引发聚合,利用CD-UV谱图确认生成的聚合物是螺旋结构.讨论了聚合机理,调查了溶剂对聚合的影响,结果表明:在四氢呋喃溶液中,铑络合物[Rh(cod)Cl]2和(R)-苯乙基胺催化体系引发EPHG聚合成同一手性的螺旋聚合物,并且有较高的收率。     

微波辅助合成蒽醌类衍生物方法研究

报道了一种快速,简便,有效的一步合成蒽醌类衍生物的方法.以邻苯二甲酸酐和苯的衍生物为原料,AlCl_3/PPA或AlCl_3/H_2SO_4为催化剂,微波辐射下一步合成了蒽醌类衍生物,并考察了不同类型催化剂对反应的影响.结果显示,对于具有给电子取代基苯类衍生物,AlCl_3/H_2SO_4的催化效果较好,而对于有吸电子取代基的苯类衍生物,AlCl_3/PPA的催化效果较好.合成的蒽醌类衍生物的结构均通过UV、IR、~1H NMR和MS谱进行了确认.     

镍催化苯并降冰片烯与内炔的不对称[2+2]环加成反应研究

通过研究发现在过渡金属Ni(COD)_2、手性配体(R)-SIPHOS-Ph-Mor和添加剂Bu_4NI作为共催化体系,可以催化苯并降冰片烯类化合物与内炔发生不对称[2+2]环加成反应,最终合成一系列含有环丁烯结构的手性化合物,最高收率达到91%,最高ee值为92%.该催化体系对多种取代基的苯并降冰片烯类化合物及芳基炔烃都具有良好的适用性.     

N-炔丙基酰胺共聚物组成对其二级结构及光学活性的影响

以铑（Rh）金属有机配合物为催化剂,对手性-非手性N-炔丙基酰胺单体实施共聚反应,并利用圆二色(CD)和紫外 可见吸收(UV-Vis)光谱技术及旋光仪对共聚物的二级结构及光学活性进行了表征。结果表明聚合物产率高(≥96%),主链具有高立构规整性 (顺式结构摩尔分数高于96%);相对于均聚物,共聚物的溶解性得到明显改善;非手性单体的庞大侧基有利于共聚物形成稳定的螺旋结构;少量的手性单体即可导致共聚物具有高光学活性;通过选择合适的手性共聚单体,非手性聚合物可被诱导形成单一手性螺旋结构, 制备具有高光学活性的螺旋聚合物。     

硝基苯化合物对聚对苯撑乙炔基咔唑荧光淬灭性能研究

以2,5-二甲氧基对苯二乙炔和3,6-二碘-9-戊基咔唑为单体,采用Sonogashira偶合反应合成了含有咔唑基团的聚对苯撑乙炔基咔唑(P).硝基苯衍生物对该聚合物的荧光淬灭实验结果表明,当对位取代基团不同时,取代基的推电子能力越强对聚合物P的淬灭效率越高;对相同取代基的淬灭剂而言,邻、对位取代时的淬灭效率明显高于间位取代化合物.淬灭剂是与P通过形成电荷转移络合物而使处于激发态的P分子链发生能量转移的,淬灭剂对P荧光的淬灭效率随其浓度的增大而非线性升高.     

芳基乙炔聚合物固化反应动力学和结构表征

应用DSC和FTIR分析技术,研究了芳基乙炔聚合物的固化反应动力学和固化反应过程中的结构变化。结果表明：芳乙炔聚合物固化过程中主要形成顺式共轭多烯结构。芳基乙炔聚合物的固化反应活化能为108．6－119．7kJ/mol,单体结构对聚合物的固化反应速率有明显影响,聚1,4－二乙炔基苯（p－DEB）的固化反应速率比聚1,3－二乙炔基苯（m－DEB）快。     

钯催化烯丙基酯亲核取代反应的研究进展

钯催化不对称烯丙基取代反应是一种合成手性化合物的重要方法之一. 本文综述了近年来钯催化烯丙基酯衍生物亲核取代反应的研究进展,重点讨论了钯催化剂、烯丙基酯衍生物底物的结构、亲核试剂类型、溶剂及添加剂等因素对烯丙基亲核取代反应的影响. 并对可能的反应机理进行了讨论.     

硅桥连共轭聚合物的合成及硝基苯胺对其荧光淬灭性能的研究

制备了3种双（二甲基硅基）取代的含硅单体化合物,即1,4-双（二甲基硅基）苯、4,4′-双（二甲基硅基）联苯、9,10-双（二甲基硅基）蒽,并将上述化合物分别与4,4′-双（乙炔基）联苯在RhCl（PPh3）3/NaI催化下进行硅氢加成反应,制备相应的硅桥联共轭聚合物.进一步对聚合物单体的光物理性质研究发现,由于硅甲基对构型的影响,聚合物对单体均呈现一定的荧光增强现象.利用对硝基苯胺作为淬灭剂,聚合物在淬灭剂极低浓度时（10-6 mol/L）,依然具有良好的淬灭性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-