酸解乙酰化玉米复合变性淀粉工艺研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,盐酸为酸解剂,考察淀粉乳质量分数、盐酸质量分数、盐酸添加量、反应温度、反应时间对酸解淀粉流度的影响,正交试验确定酸解玉米淀粉的最佳工艺条件淀粉乳质量分数20%,盐酸质量分数1.0%,盐酸添加量70 mL,反应温度55℃,反应时间5.5 h.以玉米淀粉为原料,醋酸酐为乙酰化试剂,氢氧化钠为酰化催化剂,考察pH值、反应温度、反应时间、醋酸酐添加量对乙酰化淀粉取代度的影响.正交试验确定乙酰化玉米淀粉的最佳工艺条件pH值为9,反应温度25℃,反应时间60 m in,醋酸酐添加量10%.按照上述酸解玉米淀粉和乙酰化玉米淀粉的最佳工艺条件,制备酸解乙酰化复合变性淀粉,经测定其流度为50.5 s,取代度为0.053 7.     

酶水解纤维素条件的优化

为了探究酶水解纤维素的最优条件,以麦草浆为原料,研究纤维素酶用量、pH、水解温度、底物质量分数和酶水解时间对酶水解得率的影响,通过正交实验对酶水解纤维素的工艺条件进行优化.最佳条件为:酶用量27,U,pH,5.5,水解温度50,℃,底物质量分数2%,水解时间60,h.在此条件下,酶水解得率可以达到75.8%.     

稀酸降解植物纤维素的研究

对小麦秸秆纤维素的稀酸降解进行了研究.考察了温度、质量分数、反应时间等因素对纤维素酸降解的影响.采用正交试验法探讨了乙酸、盐酸等稀酸降解植物纤维素的最佳反应条件.对预处理试样再进一步碱加热处理,并在最佳条件下酸降解.结果表明:酸在降解过程中起催化作用,不能只靠增加酸质量分数来提高转化率,而对纤维素进行深入处理,使纤维素更多地暴露在外,才是最有效的办法.     

木瓜蛋白酶酶解辅助提取葛根中的有效成分研究

文章对木瓜蛋白酶酶解辅助提取葛根中的有效成分进行了研究。以葛根素及葛根总黄酮得率为指标,采用单因素实验法筛选了酶解时间、酶质量分数、酶解温度、酶解pH值等;采用综合加权评分法进行数据分析,以葛根素及葛根总黄酮得率为综合评价指标,对酶解时间、酶质量分数、酶解温度三个主要影响因素进行了正交试验的筛选。文章首次选用木瓜蛋白酶酶解的方法,对葛根中的有效成分进行了辅助提取,并确定了其最佳提取工艺条件。实验结果表明:酶解pH值为6,酶质量分数为2%,酶解温度为60℃,酶解时间为4h时,木瓜蛋白酶酶解辅助提取葛根中有效成分的效果为最佳。     

苦荞降血糖产品的稳定性研究

在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化苦荞黄酮提取工艺.以黄酮得率为指标,分别考察了料液比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、提取温度等因素对黄酮得率的影响,通过优化试验得到最佳工艺,提取黄酮制备苦荞黄酮胶囊,并对其稳定性进行研究.结果表明,最佳提取条件料液比为1∶8(g∶mL)、体积分数为60%的乙醇、超声时间30 min、提取温度80℃,黄酮得率为2.48%.将实验室湿度控制在67.5%以下,以微晶纤维素、富铬酵母、硬脂酸镁为辅料,体积分数85%的食品级乙醇为溶湿剂制粒,苦荞黄酮胶囊颗粒的休止角为39.39°,表明其流动性很好.制备胶囊,测得其装样量差异性很小.采用保温加速试验方法测胶囊稳定性,胶囊各项指标均在质量规定范围内,表明药物性质比较稳定.     

小麦秸秆糖化工艺的对比研究

通过比较化学糖化法和酶解糖化法对小麦秸秆的糖化效果,确定了较优的糖化方法和糖化工艺参数。研究结果表明:在化学糖化中,酸解糖化优于碱解糖化,以盐酸糖化的效果最好;当盐酸质量分数为25%、酸固比为25∶1 mL/g、糖化时间为5 d时,还原糖得率为20.76%。在酶解糖化中,木聚糖酶糖化效果优于其他酶类;在初始pH=4.5、酶解温度40℃、w(酶)∶w(秸秆)=0.06、小麦秸秆0.02 g/mL、酶解时间24 h时,还原糖得率为33.55%。说明木聚糖酶糖化效果优于盐酸糖化。     

酶酸结合法降解植物纤维素新工艺

以麦秸为材料,研究乙酸、盐酸等对纤维素酶降解纤维素的影响;设计出降解纤维素的2个工艺方案:方案1是先酸解后酶解;方案2是先酶解后酸解。在这2种工艺方案基础上,研究一种酶酸循环降解法(CDCA法)。研究结果表明:方案2优于方案1;CDCA法亦明显优于方案1和方案2;以CH3COOH,HCl和纤维素酶为降解剂,在常压、温度低于100℃、反应12～15 h的条件下,CDCA法能使纤维素转化成葡萄糖的转化率达98.68%,反应终液中葡萄糖质量分数达5.38%;与常规技术相比,CDCA法只需25%的醋酸、50%的盐酸和少量的酶,可以大幅度地降低纤维素转化成葡萄糖的成本;本研究的酶酸结合法降解纤维素新工艺具有条件温和、工艺简单、成本低和周期短等特点,该工艺方法可为发酵工业上以纤维素为原料从事乙醇、抗生素、SCP等产品的开发生产及环保上固态生活垃圾的生物处理提供科学依据。     

苎麻骨纤维素提取及微晶纤维素制备工艺研究

为了系统分离苎麻麻骨中的纤维素,并对其分离的纤维素制备微晶纤维素从而提高苎麻资源化利用率,采用蒸汽爆破-碱法提取分离苎麻麻骨纤维素,探讨了反应温度、反应时间、NaOH浓度三个因素对纤维素提取效果的影响,同时研究了Na2SO3浓度、HCl浓度、水解温度和水解时间对苎麻骨微晶纤维素制备工艺的影响,并对纤维素和微晶纤维素进行了红外分析。结果表明,苎麻骨纤维素的最优提取分离工艺条件为反应温度90℃、NaOH浓度10%、反应时间8h;微晶纤维素制备的最优工艺条件为HCl浓度4%、水解时间60min、Na2SO3浓度6%、水解温度80℃。本研究结果为苎麻资源综合开发利用提供技术支持,也为其他植物生物质资源利用提供了理论参考。     

稀盐酸预处理沼气发酵原料水葫芦的优化条件研究

以采自昆明滇池的新鲜水葫芦为材料,以酸降解液中所含还原糖和挥发性脂肪酸的含量为指标,研究温度、酸质量分数、固液比和处理时间对稀盐酸降解新鲜水葫芦有机质的影响.结果表明,各因素对还原糖含量的影响顺序为:温度酸质量分数固液比处理时间;对挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响顺序为:酸质量分数固液比处理时间温度.同时确定了稀盐酸预处理水葫芦的最佳条件为:酸质量分数7%,处理温度60 ℃,固液比1 g:3 mL,处理时间1.5 h,在此条件下还原糖和挥发性脂肪酸转化率达到4.4%和29.0%,与未处理样相比分别提高了628%和491%.可见,以此方式可提高水葫芦的生物利用率.     

胡芦巴半乳甘露聚糖酶法改性的工艺条件

采用正交实验法优选纤维素酶降解胡芦巴半乳甘露聚糖的最佳工艺条件,以黏均分子质量和还原糖得率为指标,考察了酶解温度、酶解时间、酶用量及pH对降解效果的影响.结果表明,纤维素酶降解最佳工艺条件为:酶用量1500U/g,酶解温度50℃,pH 5.0,酶解时间150min,影响降解工艺的主次因素顺序为:酶解温度>酶用量>酶解时间＞pH.所得产物的黏均相对分子质量1.2×105,还原糖得率5.1%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.