双层垂直耦合量子点研究

用精确对角化的方法研究了处于外磁场中两层单电子垂直耦合量子点系统.发现在强耦合情况下,随着外磁场的增加,系统基态的角动量会发生跃迁;而在弱耦合的情况下,基态角动量L和自旋都不会随着外磁场的变化而改变,L=0的自旋单态始终为基态.     

一个犬凝集素基因VIP36的人类同源基因cDNA的克隆、染色体定位和表达谱分析

从人的胎脑cDNA文库中克隆到一条犬凝集素基因VIP36的人类同源基因,此cDNA序列全长2430bp,拟编码一个382个氨基酸残基的蛋白,它编码的蛋白与犬VIP36有52％的同源性,因此将其命名为人类VIP36L基因,应用辐射杂交方法,钭该基因定位在人2号染色体的分子标记D2S388和D2S113之间,采用基因芯片杂交的方法研究其表达谱情况,发现该基因在胎皮和肝癌组织中表达量较高。     

Scaling laws of marine predator search behaviour

Many free-ranging predators have to make foraging decisions with little, if any, knowledge of present resource distribution and availability. The optimal search strategy they should use to maximize encounter rates with prey in heterogeneous natural environments remains a largely unresolved issue in ecology. Lévy walks are specialized random walks giving rise to fractal movement trajectories that may represent an optimal solution for searching complex landscapes. However, the adaptive significance of this putative strategy in response to natural prey distributions remains untested. Here we analyse over a million movement displacements recorded from animal-attached electronic tags to show that diverse marine predators-sharks, bony fishes, sea turtles and penguins-exhibit Lévy-walk-like behaviour close to a theoretical optimum. Prey density distributions also display Lévy-like fractal patterns, suggesting response movements by predators to prey distributions. Simulations show that predators have higher encounter rates when adopting Lévy-type foraging in natural-like prey fields compared with purely random landscapes. This is consistent with the hypothesis that observed search patterns are adapted to observed statistical patterns of the landscape. This may explain why Lévy-like behaviour seems to be widespread among diverse organisms, from microbes to humans, as a 'rule' that evolved in response to patchy resource distributions.     

一株耐高温L-乳酸高产菌的选育及其发酵特征

对鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM1553进行紫外诱变,选育得到一株耐高温L-乳酸高产突变菌GX-6.在47℃,分别以葡萄糖和木薯淀粉为底物,研究GX-6菌株发酵生产L-乳酸的情况并考察GX-6菌株的遗传稳定性.结果表明,以葡萄糖为底物时,发酵56h的L-乳酸产量达到117g/L,...     

The biogeochemical behavior of dissolved aluminum in the southern Yellow Sea: Influence of the spring phytoplankton bloom

Many recent studies have investigated the nutrient-type profiles of dissolved aluminum(Al) in the ocean.Significant scavenging of dissolved Al can occur during phytoplankton blooms,but the mechanism remains unclear.The distribution of dissolved Al in the southern Yellow Sea(SYS) was investigated in winter and spring 2009.Following measurements at grid stations during the spring sampling cruise,two drifting anchor surveys of more than 100 h were conducted to trace the variation of dissolved Al concentration during the spring phytoplankton bloom(SPB).The concentration of dissolved Al in the SYS decreased from 40 nmol/L in February to 30 nmol/L in March and 10-20 nmol/L in April,while the concentration of Chl a increased from < 2 μg/L in March to > 4 μg/L in April.The concentration of dissolved Al in the SYS decreased significantly with the development of the phytoplankton bloom,which indicated biological scavenging of dissolved Al from water column.The proportion of dissolved Al scavenged from water column by different phytoplankton species differed at the two drifting stations,with greater removal efficiency demonstrated by diatoms than dinoflagellates.Phytoplankton samples collected from the Chl a maximum layer were washed with trace metal clean reagent(oxalate-EDTA-citrate,abbreviate as oxalate solution,Tovar-Sanchez et al.,2003) to enable the surface-scavenged(extracellular) and intracellular Al pools associated with phytoplankton to be differentiated.Thirty-nine to ninetysix percent of the total Al was found to be existed in the interior pools,which indicated that biological absorption was the important way to scavenge dissolved Al during phytoplankton blooms in the SYS.     

亚铁离子对厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能的影响

研究通过投加厌氧氨氧化污泥,待反应器稳定运行后考察不同浓度Fe2+对厌氧氨氧化污泥活性的影响.实验结果表明:经过210 d的连续培养,发现Fe2+可以促进厌氧氨氧化菌的细胞合成并且增加其基质代谢,当溶液中Fe2+浓度为0.085 mmol/L(4.76 mg/L)时,氨氮转化率维持在90%以上;添加Fe2+可以增加厌氧氨氧化菌亚铁血红素含量.此时样品中亚铁血红素C含量达到0.143μmol/mg,是同期对照反应器的2.04倍.通过SEM电镜发现当Fe2+浓度为0.085 mmol/L时,厌氧氨氧化菌群结构与形态趋于稳定.     

Lambda 5, a new light-chain-related locus selectively expressed in pre-B lymphocytes

The development from stem cells to pre-B cells, B lymphocytes and, finally, plasma cells and memory cells proceeds through various stages which have been defined by the genomic context in which immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) and light (L) chain gene segments are found, as well as by their state of expression. They have also been identified by surface marker analysis and susceptibility to various stimuli regulating growth and differentiation. We have searched for genes that are expressed at given stages in the B-lymphocyte development pathway and which might function to control this development at various stages. A complementary DNA sequence called pZ183 was found in a library constructed from messenger RNA of the murine pre-B lymphoma cell line 70Z/3 which is selectively expressed in pre-B cells. Here we report the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone (pZ183-1) containing 0.7 kilobases (kb) of the pZ183 gene. Part of this sequence shows strong homology to constant (C) and joining (J) region sequences of lambda 1 L chains. Our findings define a new immunoglobulin L-chain-related locus, which we call lambda 5, that is selectively transcribed in pre-B lymphocytes.     

Evidence of fire use of late Pleistocene humans from the Huanglong Cave, Hubei Province, China

Since 2004, three excavations have been carried out at a late Pleistocene human fossil site of Huanglong Cave in Yunxi County, Hubei Province of China, which unearthed seven human teeth, dozens of stone tools, mammal fossils and other evidence indicating human activities. During the third excavation in 2006, in the same layer as the human teeth, we found some patches of black materials embedded in the deposit. We doubted that this black deposit layer is the remains of burning or even human use of fire at the cave. To further explore the possibility of human fire use at the Huanglong Cave, we examined samples directly taken from the black deposit layer and compared them with samples taken from several places in the cave using three methods: micromorphology, element content determination and deposit temperature analysis. Our results indicate that the contents of carbon element in the black deposit reach 64.59%―73.29%. In contrast, contents of carbon element of the comparative samples from other parts in the cave are only 5.82%―9.49%. The micromorphology analysis of the black deposit samples reveals a plant structure like axial parenchyma, fibrocyte, uniseriate ray and vessel. High-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest that the stratum possibly underwent a high temperature in the nature. Based on these lab analyses, we are sure that the black layer in the Huanglong Cave is the remains of fire and combustion did occur in the cave 100000 years ago. Taking other evidence of human activities found in the Huanglong Cave into consideration, we believe that the evidence of fire from the Huanglong Cave was caused by the human activities of controlled use of fire.     

Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids in precipitation from Shenyang, China

Perfluorosulfonates （PFSAs） and perfluorocarboxylates （PFCAs） in precipitation collected from Shenyang, China were determined. Snow samples were collected in the snow event on March 4, 2007 from 34 sites involving both the urban and suburban areas in Shenyang. The snowmelt was preconcentrated by solid phase extraction and analyzed using LC-MS method. Measurable amounts of perfluoroalkyl acids （PFAS） were found in precipitation samples from Shenyang, demonstrating that wet deposition is one possible pathway for the removing of the selected PFAS chemicals from atmosphere. Major PFAS detected were PFOS （〈0.38-51 ng/L）, PFOA （0.82-13 ng/L） and PFHpA （0.76-11 ng/L）, with their mean concentration of 5.4, 3.3 and 2.9 ng/L, respectively. Other PFSAs and PFCAs were detected at much lower frequency or below the limit of detection in all the samples. The work presented here offers some basis for the investigation on the environmental behavior and the evaluation of human exposure to PFAS.     

温度对诺西肽发酵过程影响的建模与仿真

研究了温度对诺西肽分批发酵过程的影响.温度对菌体生长率的影响用Arrennius方程表示,对产物生成的影响由实验值拟合得到,对溶解氧的影响通过建立与培养基成分关联的溶解氧模型进行研究,在此基础上对诺西肽原有的恒温恒压分批发酵模型进行了改进,并通过100 L发酵罐对改进模型进行了验证.实验结果表明改进模型能很好地符合实验结果.在改进模型基础上进行仿真研究,结果发现:26~32℃范围内,在指数生长期,菌体生长随温度升高而加快,但不同温度下的最终菌体浓度基本不变;在静止期,菌体平均浓度不因温度不同而发生较大变化;产物28℃时生成最多,温度过高或过低均会导致产量降低.     

嗜盐淀粉酶产生菌的筛选鉴定及其酶学性质研究

【目的】筛选分离新的嗜盐淀粉酶产生菌,并对其进行酶学性质研究。【方法】从广西大学奶牛厂的奶牛粪便土壤中分离得到一株能产耐盐淀粉酶的菌株,利用16SrRNA序列对比进行鉴定,经破胞提取胞内总蛋白测定嗜盐淀粉酶酶学性质。【结果】经16SrRNA初步鉴定该菌株为阴沟肠杆菌属(Enterobacter cloacae)。该菌株是非嗜盐菌株,却能产生一种胞内嗜盐淀粉酶。酶学性质研究表明该酶在NaCl终浓度为4mol/L时,酶活力最强,当盐浓度为5.5mol/L时,仍能保持最高酶活的60%;以MOPS-NaCl配制的1%可溶性淀粉溶液为底物时,其最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH值为6.5,pH值在4.5~8.5时均能保持60%以上的相对活力;在35~45℃的温度范围内显示较好的稳定性,相对酶活保持在80%以上,但当温度达到50℃时,酶活力急剧下降;Ca2+浓度对酶活力几乎没有影响;EDTA浓度在10~140mmol/L时酶活力变化不大,大于140mmol/L之后,酶活力逐渐下降。【结论】该菌株是在非嗜盐菌株中发现的具有嗜盐淀粉酶基因的菌株,其嗜盐淀粉酶在高盐环境下具有很高的酶活力。     

应用ITS序列及SSR标记分析核桃与铁核桃亲缘关系

核桃与铁核桃是我国核桃属两个主要栽培种,而后者又是我国特有种,关于两个种在植物分类学上的归属问题一直存在争议。该研究分别以核桃与铁核桃的5个居群为试材,采用ITS序列多态性分析及SSR分子标记技术,从分子水平上讨论了两个种的亲缘关系。结果显示两个种的ITS序列仅出现了一个碱基差异,序列高度相似。SSR标记共扩出了65个等位基因,其中三家村居群与其宗居群的遗传距离最近,为0.119,遗传距离最远的为MN居群与HS居群,为0.522。种间居群遗传距离与种内遗传距离相近,种间差异不明显。这一结果说明两个种应为不同的地理生态型。     

银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯的热特征分析

研究银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯的热特征并探讨鉴定这些化合物的新方法.用热重分析法(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)分别对银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯进行热特征分析.所有样品的热重(TG)和微商热重(DTG)曲线都有各自的谱图特征,其DSC曲线的峰形、峰位置和峰值也有特征;银杏萜内酯A、B、C的稳定性较差,不能准确测得其熔点;白果内酯受热稳定,能够测得其熔点.利用TGA和DSC法容易鉴定银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯.用TG-DTG法对银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯在非等温条件下进行热分解动力学研究,把从TG-DTG曲线中得到的数据和30个不同的方程采用Achar微分法和Madhusudanan-Krishnan-Ninan(MKN)积分法对其进行非等温分解动力学研究,得到动力学参数活化能(E和指前因子A)和分解动力学机理及方程.     

Late Eocene of Burma yields earliest anthropoid primate, Pondaungia cotteri.

In April 1978, a fragment of a primate lower jaw containing the second and third molar teeth was found in late Eocene exposures of the Pondaung Hills about 1 mile north-west of Mogaung village in northwestern Central Burma. This approximately 40-Myr-old specimen is the first fossil primate found in Burma since the fragmentary remains of the controversial earliest anthropoids Pondaungia cotteri Pilgrim and Amphipithecus mogaungensis Colbert were recovered more than 50 yr ago. The jaw described here is believed to represent further evidence of P. cotteri. Its recovery from undoubled late Eocene exposures coupled with its salient higher primate characters and excellent state of preservation provides the opportunity to substantiate further that the Pondaung primates of Burma are the earliest known record of the Anthropoidea.     

贵州省藓类植物新记录种——无肋树平藓(Homaliodendron pulchrum)

无肋树平藓(Homaliodendron pulchrum L.Y.PeiY.Jia)是2011年报道的新种,先前记载于中国四川、湖南和广西.发现了该种在中国贵州的新记录,并详细描述了采自贵州茂兰国家自然保护区该种的形态特征,绘制了墨线图,编制了贵州省境内树平藓属的分种检索表.     

槐属二氢黄酮G促进L6细胞内GLUT4的表达和转运

利用细胞葡萄糖摄取检测试剂盒检测苦参中槐属二氢黄酮G(Sophoraflavanone G,SFG) 对L6细胞葡萄糖摄取的影响,发现SFG能够增加大鼠成肌细胞 (L6) 的葡萄糖摄取;之后,使用Western blot检测发现SFG对L6细胞内GLUT4的表达有显著的促进作用;同时,在可稳定表达IRAP-mOrange荧光蛋白的L6细胞内,使用激光共聚焦显微镜监测SFG作用下葡萄糖转位蛋白4 (glucose transporter 4,GLUT4) 的转位,发现SFG对GLUT4的转位有显著的促进作用,而且SFG对GLUT4转位的促进呈浓度依赖性;另外,免疫荧光实验结果也显示SFG增强L6细胞中GLUT4与细胞膜的融合.这些结果显示利用SFG处理L6细胞后,L6细胞内GLUT4的表达、转运及与细胞膜的融合继而促进葡萄糖的摄取显著增强,说明SFG可能具备开发成一种新的降血糖药物的潜力.     

山西临汾盆地中对应于S_2古土壤发育前后时期的一次湖退—

临汾盆地的第四纪调查发现,在湖相沉积层之上广泛覆盖着部分L3黄土层或S2古土壤层,表明在S2古土壤发育前后时期盆地内发生了一次显著湖退;在海拔稍低的一些区域,出现晚期灰绿色湖相层覆盖在L2黄土层之上的现象,表明在L2黄土堆积时期盆地内发生了一次小幅湖侵;广大的盆地区域都存在S1古土壤广泛覆盖晚期湖相地层现象,表明这次小幅湖侵结束于S1古土壤开始发育之时.盆地的湖退—湖侵变化证明,盆地深部"上地幔强烈上隆→减弱或渐趋稳定→再次强烈上隆……"这样的构造循环是存在的.同时,盆地的湖退时序差异也初步证明了"青藏高原的阶段性隆升对其广大外围地区的地貌发育有着重大影响和控制作用".     

Type distribution pattern and pairing of ordinary chondrites from Grove Mountains, Antarctica

Twenty-eight meteorites were collected on blue ice in the Grove Mountains region, Antarctica, by the 16th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE). 26 out of the stones are ordinary chondrites, and their chemical-petrographic types are assigned based on electron probe microanalyses, petrography and mineralogy. 6 of them are unequilibrated L-chondrites, and the other 20 chondrites are equilibrated, including 6 H-group (3 H4, 1 H5 and 2 H6), 9 L-group (3 L4, 1 L5 and 5 L6) and 5 LL-group (2 LL4 and 3 LL5). Detailed comparative study suggests that 10 of them (including other 2 chondrites collected by the 15th CHINARE) could be paired, and represent 5 individual fall events. Hence, all 32 meteorites collected from the Grove Mountains probably belong to 27 fall events, suggestive of meteorite transferring and concentrating processes. The Grove Mountains are likely a new meteorite-enriched region. Distribution patterns of chemical-petrographic type and mass of the Grove Mountains meteorites are significantly distinct from those found in other regions, indicative of their unique sources and/or concentration mechanism. However, more studies are required in order to clarify these differences.     

灰飞虱Wolbachia群体生物学的遗传特性研究

Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ是存在于多种昆虫生殖器官的一类共生菌,它可能在宿 主群体中引起细菌质不亲和性而给宿 主带来生殖优势。对灰飞虱体内的Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａｆｊｔｆｄｇｐｗ,ｖ ｇｍ ｐｇｃｆｍｗ ｑｎｎｋｕｄｙｊｒ ｄｏ ｎｕｉ