添加剂对 ZrO_2(Y_2O_3)粉末比表面积的影响

采用ＥＤＴＡ（乙二胺四乙酸）溶胶－凝胶法制备了ＺｒＯ２－８％Ｙ２Ｏ３（摩尔分数）纳米粉末,并研究了２种添加剂对粉末比表面积的影响．结果表明,促进凝胶稳定形成并增强氧化气氛的添加剂,可以增加粉末的均匀分散性,从而提高粉末的比表面积．经６００℃／２ｈ煅烧后,粉末的比表面积为１１０ｍ２／ｇ,平均粒径约１０ｎｍ,然而仍有微量Ｃｌ残余,因此,最佳制粉工艺还有待细致的研究．     

无团聚Al2O3—ZrO2复合纳米粉末的制备及机理

共沸蒸馏法制备了无团聚Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２复合纳米粉末，用红外光谱研究了正丁醇脱水剂与Ｚｒ（ＯＨ）４－Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３凝胶的表面化学键。ＴＥＭ观察该复合粉末的平均粒径约２０ｎｍ，无硬团聚形成，干压成型的坯体气孔呈单峰分布，只有一次颗粒间气孔，烧结温度比末处理的粉末降低了３００℃，经１３００℃保温４ｈ的烧结体相对密度达０．９７７５，平均晶粒尺寸０．２μｍ，共沸蒸馏消除团聚的机理是由于正丁醇脱除了氢氧化     

TiO2纳米粉体的制备及光催化活性

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶－凝胶过程超临界干燥法制备了ＴｉＯ２纳米粉 ,并通过ＸＲＤ,ＢＥＴ,ＴＥＭ等方法对所得样品进行了表征,制备的ＴｉＯ２气凝胶具有很高的比表面积（４８８ｍ＾２．ｇ＾－１）,平均粒径为４．６ｎｍ,具有锐钛矿型晶体结构,经５００℃煅烧２ｈ所得的纳米粉体,锐钛矿型晶体结构更为明显,平均粒径６．７ｎｍ,比表面积１５８ｍ＾２．ｇ＾－１。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备超细Y_2O_3: Eu~(3+)

以金属醇盐为原料,采用溶胶－凝胶法制备出均匀的、体心立方结构的Ｙ２Ｏ３Ｅｕ３＋超细粉末．借助ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ、ＩＲ、ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ等分析手段,研究了凝胶的转变过程和粉末的结构,观察了粉末的形貌和粒径．结果表明：在４２３℃煅烧已有Ｙ２Ｏ３Ｅｕ３＋相生成,经８５０℃煅烧即得单－Ｙ２Ｏ３Ｅｕ３＋相超微粉,平均晶粒尺寸为５３ｎｍ;煅烧温度进一步升高,Ｙ２Ｏ３Ｅｕ３＋晶粒长大     

无团聚Al_2O_3－ZrO_2复合纳米粉末的制备及机理

共沸蒸馏法制备了无团聚Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＺｒＯ_２复合纳米粉末。用红外光谱研究了正丁醇脱水剂与Ｚｒ（ＯＨ）_４－Ａｌ（ＯＨ）_３凝胶的表面化学键。ＴＥＭ观察该复合粉末的平均粒径约２０ｎｍ，无硬团聚形成，干压成型的坯体气孔呈单峰分布，只有一次颗粒间气孔。烧结温度比未处理的粉末降低了３００℃，经１３００℃保温４ｈ的烧结体相对密度达０．９７７５，平均晶粒尺寸０．２μｍ。共沸蒸馏消除团聚的机理是由于正丁醇脱除了氢氧化物颗粒间水分而降低了干燥时产生的毛细管力，且氢氧化物颗粒表面与烷氧基形成物理吸附，消除了水分子氢键在颗粒间的架桥作用。     

硬脂酸溶胶-凝胶法合成SrTiO_3纳米晶

以硬脂酸、醋酸锶和钛酸丁酯为原料，采用硬脂酸溶胶－凝胶法（ＳＡＧ）合成凝胶，经过热处理获得ＳｒＴｉＯ３纳米晶．ＩＲ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ分析了凝胶的热处理过程；ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ分析了纳米ＳｒＴｉＯ３的形貌及晶相．在６５０℃保温３ｈ合成四方相ＳｒＴｉＯ３纳米晶，颗粒均匀呈球形，平均粒径６０ｎｍ．     

用Sol-Gel法制备钛酸铝微粉及其低膨胀陶瓷合成

利用＾１ＨＮＭＲ、ＩＲ、ＤＴＡ／ＥＧＤ／ＧＣ、ＴＧ、ＡＡＳ、ＰＳＤ和ＳＥＭ手段,研究了Ａｌ（ＯＮ３）３．９Ｈ２Ｏ乙醇溶液与钛酸丁脂混合液的反应机理,钛酸铝晶相形成过程中晶相的变化及其陶瓷的热膨胀性。实验结果表明,形成整体凝胶的溶胶「Ａｌ＾３＋」：「Ｔｉ＾４＋」之比接近于理论值。主晶相钛酸铝的形成温度为１３００℃,１４００℃焙烧过的粉体其平均粒径为３．６μｍ,经１４５０℃烧结后陶瓷的热膨胀系数为０．     

溶胶—凝胶法制备Li2＋xNdxSi1—xO3及其离子导电性研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备Ｌｉ２＋ｘＮｄｘＳｉ１－ｘＯ２（ｘ＝０￣０．１５）,用ＤＴＡ,ＸＲＤ,ＴＥＭ核对样品的结构,形貌、粒径及离子导电性进行了观察和测试,结果表明：其固溶体形成范围是０〈ｘ≤０．０９,在固溶体范围内,样品电导率随掺杂量增加而增高,平均粒径为０．２μｍ,与传统固相合成方法相比,该法可使样品的生成温度降低,离子导电性得到提高。     

硅气凝胶超细粉的室温制备及结构研究

利用溶胶凝胶法经室温超临界干燥（ＳＣＤ）制备出具有ｎｍ结构的硅气凝胶超细粉,研究了硅气凝胶超细粉的化学组成和微观结构．实验结果表明,硅气凝胶超细粉的平均粒径约为４μｍ,而这些微粒则是由直径为１０～１００ｎｍ的ＳｉＯ２原粒子和孔径为１０～９０ｎｍ的气孔构成的．在硅气凝胶中含有一定量的羟基,具有较强的吸附性,比表面积高达５４６ｍ２·ｇ－１．     

Sol－Gel法制备ZrO_2超微粉末的反应机理研究

以自制Ｚｒ（ＯＣ３Ｈ７）４和Ｙ（ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ）３为原料，应用溶胶－凝胶法（Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ）制备了ＹＳＺ（ＺｒＯ２－９ｍｏｌ％Ｙ２Ｏ３）凝胶和超细粉末．研究了Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ形成机理以及ｐＨ值对胶凝时间和凝胶结构的影响．通过ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ等分析手段，研究了从干凝胶到ＹＳＺ超细粉末过程中的反应机理．实验证明：反应可分为３个阶段，钇稳定立方相ＺｒＯ２的合成温度在４７０℃左右     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-