“西藏问题”与中印关系发展

印度在独立后妄图继承英印时期安全政策,维护印度国家安全。在表面承认中国对西藏拥有主权的同时,暗中支持西藏分裂势力,维护印度既得利益。印度对西藏分裂势力的支持以及不断侵占中国领土行径随中印关系的恶化而不断加深,严重损害了中印关系的发展。随着西藏地方民主改革成效明显、中国国家实力的增强,国际形势发生了巨大变化,印度对藏独势力的支持有所收敛,但由于地缘政治等的原因西藏问题依旧影响着中印关系的发展。     

略论中印关系发展的障碍及前景

中国和印度之间交往历史悠久,但近代以来两国关系发展却进展缓慢,中印关系的发展中存在着许多障碍。归结起来,西藏问题是根本障碍,其它问题都发端或围绕于它。中印关系的友好发展根本在于印度政府对西藏历史问题的客观正确认识。在现今,中印之间存在着许多利益共同点,中印关系的未来应是光明的。     

“西藏问题”与中印关系

西藏是中华人民共和国的重要组成部分,西藏问题是中国的内政问题。但由于地缘、政治、历史等因素,西藏问题成了影响中印关系的重要问题。边界冲突是中印关系的直接表现形式,印度对西藏问题的立场和态度则成为中印关系的症结所在。文章从国际法的视角分析了“西藏问题”历。史渊源和现实情况,以期对中印关系的发展进行探讨。     

"西藏问题"与中印关系

西藏是中华人民共和国的重要组成部分,西藏问题是中国的内政问题.但由于地缘、政治、历史等因素,西藏问题成了影响中印关系的重要问题.边界冲突是中印关系的直接表现形式,印度对西藏问题的立场和态度则成为中印关系的症结所在.文章从国际法的视角分析了"西藏问题"历史渊源和现实情况,以期对中印关系的发展进行探讨.     

中印关系发展的障碍性因素

中国和印度作为亚洲地区相邻的两个最大的发展中13t家，两国关系的发展关系到亚洲乃至世界的和平与稳定。但是中印关系50年来的发展曲曲折折，这其中的原因是多方面的，现主要从边界问题、西藏问题、核试验问题、巴基斯坦问题、印度的大国战略，以及其他国际性因素来解析影响中印关系发展的不利性因素。     

1953年,我参加中印关系的有关问题谈判

1953年,新中国刚刚成立不久,中国与印度政府就举行了中印关于西藏问题的谈判。此间周总理亲自提出了著名的和平共处五项原则,谋求解决业已成熟、悬而未决的问题,最终取消了外国在西藏的特权,印度承认西藏是中国领土的一部分,中国在西藏地方拥有完全的主权。     

雪域高原上,有这样一群人——西藏外事工作者的辉煌业绩

在今年第19期上，本刊发表了杨公素先生的一篇文章，文中深刻地反映出：在建国初期，由于历史原因，在西藏仍然存在着帝国主义势力和外国特权。这种状况严重损害了我国主权。自古以来，西藏就是中国领土不可分割的一部分。19世纪末到20世纪初，由于英帝国主义的侵略和西藏上层分裂势力的干扰，西藏地方涉外事务受到影响和破坏。1951年5月23日，和平解放西藏十七条协议签订，其中明确规定：“驱逐帝国主义侵略势力出西藏”、“中央人民政府统一处理西藏地区的一切涉外事宜，并在平等、互利和尊重领土主权的基础上，与邻国和平共处，建立发展…     

论清末民初的朝鲜族国籍问题

借鉴先行研究成果，考察清末民初朝鲜族双重国籍问题的形成过程以及围绕朝鲜族的国籍问题中日两国采取的政策。朝鲜族的国籍问题是近代中日两国国家关系的一个焦点，表明了近代日本存在着国民国家和帝国主义国家兼而有之的双重性格，同时显现出20世纪初期的中国积弱难返、主权不保的状况。     

南海问题中的日本因素与我国的安全环境

冷战期间日本承认中国对南海的主权,冷战后日本追随美国开始介入南海争端。新世纪,为维护其海上“生命线”安全的需要,保障其经济利益,争夺地区主导权并在钓鱼岛的主权问题和东海划界问题上牵制中国,日本开始介入南海争端,其战略措施有：舆论炒作“中国威胁论”;加强与亚太国家的合作并进一步巩固日美同盟,包括拉拢东南亚国家联盟、建立日越战略合作伙伴关系、加强与印度尼西亚和菲律宾的战略关系;从军事战略上谋划介入南海地区。日本介入南海争端意图推动南海问题的国际化,增加问题解决的难度,阻遏中国走向海洋的步伐,严重地威胁中国领海主权的完整。在解决南海争端的过程中,如何平衡日本因素是中国面临的一大挑战。     

西藏城镇化过程中的“人口-社会-经济”耦合评估研究[1]

西藏地处我国西部边境，是我国重要生态安全屏障，同时也是欠发达地区。西藏的发展关系到国家民生和谐、社会稳定、主权完整。城镇化作为协调区域发展的助推器，在西藏的发展中发挥重要作用。在城镇化过程中，西藏的人口、社会、经济方面均有不同幅度的提升，全面完整地评估西藏自治区城镇化过程中人口、社会、经济之间的关系以及城镇化质量对于制定西藏接下来发展战略至关重要。文章采用耦合模型分析了2011-2020年西藏城镇化中“人口-社会-经济”三系统的耦合协调关系。研究发现：虽然在样本期内，“人口-社会-经济”耦合度始终处于高水平耦合阶段。但从耦合协调度来看，西藏 “人口-社会-经济”耦合协调度在最高的年份也仅为勉强协调，尚有较大提升空间。进一步研究发现西藏城镇化过程中“人口-社会-经济”高耦合度是由于三个系统发展水平过低导致，西藏城镇化水质量较低，尤其是经济发展水平的落后已经开始限制人口和社会的发展水平。本文研究结论有助于深化对西藏人口、社会、经济关系的理解，为进一步推动西藏高质量城镇化发展提供了参考依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.