固定化微生物处理甲醇废水的包埋条件优化选择

实验选取高浓度的甲醇废水,利用固定化包埋技术对甲醇废水进行污染物降解处理实验研究.分别以海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为包埋材料,包埋驯化后的活性污泥,制成固定化小球颗粒,对甲醇废水中COD的降解为指标进行了正交试验.确定出海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇的最佳包埋条件,并对在最佳包埋条件下制成的固定化小球进行了性能的改进.同时通过对固定化颗粒小球的比表面积、传质性能的测定以及电镜扫描分析了固定化小球的性能.实验表明,交联时间是固定化颗粒活性的主要影响因素;2种材料均有适合微生物附着生长的网状结构;加入添加剂后,PVA固定化小球的机械性能进一步得到改善.     

固定化微生物技术对养殖水体脱氮的研究

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为载体,人工沸石为吸附剂,采用包埋法固定硝化细菌,通过实验发现制备固定化小球最优组合为：质量浓度海藻酸钠1.5%,硼酸溶液4%,PVA 6%,人工沸石2%,此时小球成球效果较好,有合适的机械强度及传质性能.用此工艺制备的固定化小球,在水力停留时间15h,初始pH 8.0,溶解氧浓度5.0 mg/L的...     

正交试验法在固定化微生物技术处理乳品废水工艺条件优化中的应用

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)-海藻酸钠作为包埋材料,以氯化钙和饱和硼酸的混合溶液作为交联剂包埋富集培养后的活性污泥,制成固定化小球。用小球颗粒做乳品废水CODCr的去除试验,通过正交试验研究了3个因素pH、温度、小球颗粒浓度对CODCr去除率的影响程度,并对工艺条件进行了优化。     

包埋固定化复合菌低温下处理养猪废水研究

选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠(SA)和河沙作为包埋固定化载体材料,制备成固定化复合菌小球(MB),用于处理养猪废水,并以水体中氨氮和COD去除率为指标考察了影响养猪废水净化的各种因素.研究结果表明,在外界气温1～8°C、固定化小球投加量20％、曝气量6～7 mg/L、pH7.0～8.4和间歇曝气时间比1∶1时,养猪...     

改性核桃壳/海藻酸钠复合微球制备及其对含Cr(Ⅵ)污水的吸附处理研究

为改善核桃壳基吸附剂(MWS)的水处理使用效果,采用海藻酸钠(AS)固化改性制备核桃壳基/海藻酸钠(MWS/AS)复合微球。实验表明:以一定浓度海藻酸钠溶液为包埋载体,添加适量致孔剂氯化钠处理经磷酸改性的核桃壳粉可获得MWS/AS复合微球。FTIR与SEM表征分析得知,磷酸改性核桃壳在复合过程中引入了含氧基团,其吸附活性增强;且复合微球表面比单一海藻酸钠微球粗糙,表面积增大。在复合微球投加量为4 g/L、p H值为1.5试验条件下,处理10 mg/L的含Cr(Ⅵ)污水180 min,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率可达95.37%;复合微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附式。     

纳滤膜对废水中不同铬离子分离特性的研究

采用纳滤膜在室温条件下对含铬废水进行处理.探讨了铬的不同形态、进料溶液中铬离子浓度、膜两侧压力对除铬效果的影响.结果表明:在实验条件下纳滤膜对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的去除率都很高,均大于90%,且Cr(Ⅵ)去除率稍微大于Cr(Ⅲ)的去除率.随着进料废水中铬离子浓度升高或膜两侧压力的增加,纳滤膜对其去除率均有一定程度的下降.     

固定化蜡质芽孢杆菌处理制革废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的条件优化

为了高效去除制革废水中的Cr(Ⅵ),实验采用粉末活性炭包埋蜡质芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)制成固定化细胞颗粒,并探讨了该颗粒去除Cr(Ⅵ)的效果。结果表明,在pH值5.0、温度37℃、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度小于10mg/L、颗粒用量0.5g/mL左右时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率较大;在最优条件下,固定化细胞颗粒处理Cr(Ⅵ)的效果比未加菌体的固定化颗粒和Bacillus cereus单独处理时的效果都好。研究表明,固定化Bacillus cereus细胞颗粒可以作为一种新的生物材料,处理制革废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。     

活性炭纤维电吸附去除Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)吸附含铬模拟废水.实验结果表明,吸附平衡时间为60 min,最佳pH为2～4,最佳Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为25 mg/L,Cr(Ⅵ)含量与ACF的最佳比值为12.4 mgCr(Ⅵ)/g ACF.ACF对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合Freundlich等温式.在最佳操作条件下,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率可达98.72%.电吸附能够提高ACF对总铬的吸附率.循环电吸附/电脱附实验表明,电脱附能够明显提高总铬的脱附率,并且随着再生次数的增加,吸附率和脱附率降低的并不明显,所以在酸性条件下对ACF进行电脱附再生具有可行性.     

固定化反硝化聚磷菌制备方法的研究

选用海藻酸钠(CA)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)混合物作为包埋载体,对经富集培养的以反硝化聚磷菌为主的活性污泥固定化制备方法进行了研究.利用正交实验考察了包埋菌体量、海藻酸钠质量分数、沸石添加量和交联时间对固定化菌除磷效果的影响,着重研究了包埋菌体量和沸石添加量这2个显著性影响因素对固定化小球性能的影响.研究表明,制备固定化反硝化聚磷菌的最佳包埋条件是:PVA质量分数为8%,CA质量分数为3%,包埋菌质量体积浓度为25g/L,沸石质量体积浓度为20 g/L,固定化小球交联时间为18 h.     

微波辅助球磨还原含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的研究

通过微波辅助球磨法还原含Cr(Ⅵ)废水及单因素法观察铁球质量的改变、还原铁粉量、pH值对还原Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.实验结果表明,球料比和还原铁粉量越大,pH值越小,Cr(Ⅵ)的还原速度越快.在中性溶液中,通过微波辅助球磨,能在55min内,将六价铬质量浓度从50mg/L还原到0.473 mg/L,产物经XRD和XPS检测为FeCr2O4;当pH=2时,将初始质量浓度为300mg/L的含Cr(Ⅵ)废水还原到0.5mg/L以下只需6min,所以采用微波辅助球磨装置能够高效处理含Cr(Ⅵ)的工业废水.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with