自主创新能力影响因素的模糊聚类分析——基于国家重点实验室的研究

通过设计国家重点实验室自主创新能力影响因素问卷,对国家重点实验室人员进行随机调查,收回有效问卷370份。运用模糊聚类分析法,建立国家重点实验室自主创新能力影响因素模糊聚类分析模型,利用调查数据,对83个具体影响因素的重要程度进行了分析,进而聚类为7个层次的影响强度,实现了各影响因素的主从排序和重要程度评价。这对于识别和把握国家重点实验室自主创新能力形成和演化的关键因子,探索提高自主创新能力的有效路径具有现实指导意义。     

国家重点实验室自主创新能力系统的自组织演化机理

国家重点实验室自主创新能力系统是一个典型的耗散结构系统,由自主创新投入能力、自主创新产出能力、自主创新管理能力和自主创新环境四个子系统构成.通过系统开放机制、远离平衡态机制、随机性涨落机制、非线性机制作用于国家重点实验室自主创新能力系统的自组织演化,即由系统主动调整、跃迁突变,演化到国家重点实验室自主创新能力的高级系统.基于此,进一步探讨了提升国家重点实验室自主创新能力的对策建议.     

高校国家重点实验室自主创新能力提升战略的浅析

自主创新能力的提升是国家竞争力的核心力量,依托大学建立的高校国家重点实验室作为国家科技体系创新的重组成部分,研究提升创新能力的战略具有十分必的意义。本文运用态势矩阵SWOT（优势Strengths、劣势Weaknesses、机会Opportunities和威胁Threats）分析法分析了影响高校国家重点实验室自主创新能力提升的外因素,结合高校国家重点实验室自身特有的特点,提出了提升高校国家重点实验室自主创新能力的几点建议与对策。     

辽宁高校重点实验室自主创新中存在的问题及对策

在对辽宁高校重点实验室自主创新中所面临的困难及存在问题剖析的基础上,分析了建设创新型国家为辽宁高校重点实验室自主创新能力建设带来的发展机遇,提出了加强高校重点实验室自主创新能力建设的政策建议,如加大政府的资金投入,在科研立项上予以倾斜,加强跨学校跨学科的科研合作,建立公共信息网,加强与企业的沟通,加强知识产权的保护等。     

浅谈管理模式对高校国家重点实验室人员结构的影响

提高高校国家重点实验室自主创新能力的关键在于增强实验室人员的科研水平,而实验室的人员结构对实验室整体科研能力有着重要的影响。通过查阅相关资料和文献并进行样本分析发现,不同的管理模式产生不同的人员结构,因此本研究重点分析了实验室不良管理模式对人员结构造成的不利影响,并且提出了有针对性的解决方案,希望能够改善我国高校国家重点实验室的管理模式和人员结构。     

“十一五”将建12项重大科技基础设施

国家发展和改革委员会25日发布了自主创新基础能力建设“十一五”规划，提出要建设12项重大科技基础设施，组建30个左右国家科学中心和国家实验室，建设和完善300个左右国家重点实验室。     

高校重点实验室改革在国家中长期科技发展战略中作用

随着我国科技的发展壮大,科研人员自主创新能力在逐步增强。在地方经济中,科技创新起到的作用更是日益明显。高校重点实验室作为高水平大学科研产出的平台,充当着科技创新的有效载体,同时也为科技成果的转化起着孵化器的作用。如何提高高校重点实验室的能力水平,将对国家中长期科技发展战略中科技创新能力的培养起到至关重要的作用。剖析了高校重点实验室运行中存在的问题,从5个方面对高校重点实验室今后的改革提出了建议。     

国家重点实验室推动企业技术创新作用及其发展建议

为了营造自主创新的科技发展环境,促进以企业为主体,市场为导向,产学研相结合的技术创新体系建设,2006年底,国家科技部有重点有步骤的在转制院所和企业建设一批国家重点实验室,目前,已建成96个依托企业运行的国家重点实验室。本文在对建设企业国家重点实验室,对国家、行业、企业的作用进行了论述后,并就目前存在的问题提出了意见和建议。     

河南自主创新体系建设掀开历史新篇章

长期以来,国家级重点实验室都是我国基础研究、竞争前战略高技术研究和公益性研究的核心力量和骨干研究基地,肩负着推动我国科技创新、提高我国自主创新能力的重大使命。现代世界科学发展表明,诸多辉煌的科学技术成就源自世界著名实验室。我们耳熟能详的英国分子生物学实验室(MRC)、卡文迪什实验室(CL)、美国的贝尔实验室、林肯实验室等已经成为世界发达国家催生重大原始创新的重要源泉,其科学技术成就灿烂了世界科技宝库。在科学技术最为发达的美国和一些欧洲国家,国家实验室或国家科研基地在其科技体系中占有极其重要的地位。建立国家实验室或国家科研基地是国际上十分普遍的做法,世界各国都十分重视国家重点实验室建设。如今,河南省大力推进国家重点实验室建设,是全面推进区域创新体系的建设,迅速提升河南省科技经济实力和自主创新能力的一项十分重大的战略安排。     

自主创新有关理论及测度方法探讨

自主创新是依靠国家自身(或主要依靠自身)的力量整合创新资源,以获取自主知识产权、掌握核心技术为宗旨实现科技突破,进而支撑和引领经济社会发展、保障国家安全的一系列活动及全部过程;自主创新能力是多种能力复合作用的结果,既包括创新主体对资源的掌握和运用能力,也包括使创新主体资源能力得以实现的载体和外部环境所做的贡献,既包括科技成果的创造能力,也包括新产品及市场品牌的培育能力;根据实现主体的不同,自主创新能力又分为国家(或区域)层面的自主创新能力和企业自主创新能力两种形式;运用定性分析与定量判断相结合的方法分别建立了国家(或区域)层面和企业层面的自主创新能力评价指标体系;运用线性加权和函数的方法建立了对自主创新能力进行综合评价的模型。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.