激光打印废纸脂肪酶脱墨的工艺条件

研究脂肪酶对激光打印废纸的脱墨作用,优化脂肪酶脱墨的工艺条件,并与中性脱墨与碱法脱墨进行比较.结果表明,激光打印废纸的脂肪酶脱墨优于中性脱墨与碱法脱墨.脂肪酶脱墨的最佳工艺条件是:碎浆浓度10%～12%,碎浆温度55,℃,碎浆时间40,min,酶用量0.03%,浮选时间8,min.在适宜的脱墨条件下可使脱墨浆ISO白度达到93.42%,残余油墨面积为0.01%.     

黄酮类化合物的酶法去糖基化修饰研究

研究了纤维素酶和果胶酶在假酸浆提取物制取黄酮苷元过程的酶解工艺.依次对纤维素酶、果胶酶及复合酶进行了去糖基化修饰研究.结果表明,复合酶去糖基化作用相较于两酶单独作用效果更佳,其最佳工艺条件为:pH值为假酸浆提取物的自然pH值,酶解温度为40℃,含酶量为纤维素酶和果胶酶各0.5%,酶解时间4 h,还原糖浓度显著提高.     

复合酶法提取冬瓜多糖的研究

采用蛋白酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶复合处理冬瓜多糖溶液,通过对复合酶的作用温度、作用pH值、作用时间进行单因素实验,对复合酶配比、复合酶的提取工艺进行正交试验,确定了复合酶法提取冬瓜多糖的最佳工艺条件:复合酶按纤维素酶1.5%,果胶酶1.5%,蛋白酶1.5%配比,酶作用温度40℃,酶作用pH值为5.0,酶作用时间为40 min,多糖提取率最高.     

纤维素酶在废纸脱墨中的应用

采用纤维素酶对废书刊纸进行了脱墨探索,实验结果表明,酶法脱墨较佳的工艺条件为pH 5～6、浆料浓度5.5%、酶用量0.1%～0.15%、处理时间40min～50min、处理温度50℃～60℃。同时,酶法脱墨还能改善浆料的物理强度,提高其可漂白性。     

香菇调味料酶解工艺研究

为提高香菇酶解液的酶解效率和感官品质,研究了3种酶复合酶解香菇的较佳工艺。首先通过正交试验优化了纤维素酶的酶解条件,纤维素酶的较佳酶解条件为温度40℃、时间1h、加酶的质量分数0.5%。然后以感官评分和α-氨基态氮含量为指标筛选出菠萝蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶2种蛋白酶,最后通过响应面试验优化了复合酶的较佳酶解条件。结果表明,3种酶同时酶解香菇液为较佳酶解方式,复合酶的较佳酶解条件为温度58.6℃、时间2.02h、质量浓度15.24mL/g(即超纯水体积与香菇粉质量的比例)。在此条件下得到的α-氨基态氮的密度为0.0901g/100mL,感官评分为7.4,属于喜欢范畴。     

洗涤剂用复合酶组分间配伍性能研究

采用不同的类型的污布,通过去污率评价,研究了已商品化的碱性蛋白酶、碱性脂肪酶、碱性纤维素酶、淀粉酶这四种酶中二组分、三组分、四组分的配伍性能.试验结果表明每种酶对污垢类型的去除具有选择性,四种酶组分间配伍性能良好,为复合酶的应用及复合酶洗涤剂的配制奠定了基础.     

微波预处理结合复合酶水解蔗渣

蔗渣是蔗糖加工废弃物,微生物利用蔗渣水解物作为碳源进行发酵可生产乙醇、乳酸等能源物质和化工原料,具有重要应用价值.采用微波加热结合酸碱处理工艺破坏蔗渣致密结构并去除木质素,比较4种商品纤维素酶对经预处理的蔗渣的酶解效果.最后针对蔗渣的复杂结构采用了复合酶酶解工艺.结果表明将蔗渣按1∶50固液比,在微波功率为280 w下加热,先于1%NaOH处理10 min,然后再于1%H2SO4处理5 min可有效破坏蔗渣的致密结构,去除部分木质素.采用的4种商品纤维素酶中,Yacult R-10纤维素酶酶解效果最好,最佳酶解条件为添加4 000 U/g预处理蔗渣,pH5.5,温度50℃,酶解时间12 h.采用复合酶组合(纤维素酶,果胶酶,木聚糖酶和半纤维素酶12∶2∶3∶5)酶解蔗渣得到酶解液总葡萄糖质量浓度为5.99 g/L.     

SDS强化超声波复合酶法提取黄山野菊花中总黄酮

采用正交试验,以野菊花中黄酮得率为指标,对表面活性剂SDS强化超声波-复合酶法中影响黄酮提取效果的主要因素进行研究。结果表明:酶解最佳提取条件是纤维素酶和果胶酶添加配比为3∶1,添加量为0.04g,酶解温度为30℃,在此基础上提取黄酮得率为8.86%;在复合酶优化结果基础上,进一步进行表面活性剂SDS强化超声处理,SDS强化超声处理的最佳提取条件是料液比1∶50、超声波提取时间65min、SDS溶液质量浓度为0.5%,酶解时间为60min,黄酮得率为13.78%。与其他提取方法相比,SDS强化超声波-复合酶法节能高效。     

不同预处理方法对棉秆酶水解的影响

研究稀硫酸法、亚硫酸法、亚硫酸盐法预处理的化学药品添加量对棉秆酶水解的影响,对预处理前后的棉秆进行扫描电镜观察,并对3种方法进行了比较.在固液比1∶4、温度180,℃、保温20,min的预处理条件下,纤维素酶用量(相对于绝干底物)10 U/g、纤维二糖酶用量(相对于绝干底物)3.6 U/g的酶水解条件下,稀硫酸法预处理在98%浓硫酸添加量为5.52%时,棉秆的酶水解转化率为42.63%;亚硫酸法预处理在亚硫酸添加量7%时,棉秆的酶水解转化率为81.25%;亚硫酸盐法预处理在98%浓硫酸添加量0.92%、亚硫酸氢钠添加量为8%时,棉秆的酶水解转化率为70.06%.     

双水相体系纯化天冬氨酸酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶

用聚乙二醇(PEG)/磷酸钾双水相抽提技术分别从天冬氨酸粗酶、商品纤维素酶和脂肪酶中分离纯化出天冬氨酸酶(Aspartase)、纤维素酶(Cellulase)和脂肪酶(Lipase)。研究了PEG分子量及浓度、磷酸钾浓度、蛋白质含量、pH、氯化钠浓度等因素对分配系数,酶活回收率和分离效果等参数的影响,并设计出双水相体系抽提三种酶的相组成系统。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.