宇宙线福布希下降对京津冀地区闪电计数的短期影响

研究1989年～1994年间夏季前后福布希下降对LLP80-02型闪电定位系统在此期间于京津冀地区所测的227326次闪电活动的短期影响后发现，在所覆盖的600km×600km区域内，在渤海湾至河北中部及河北西部一带，闪电次数存在两个数百公里尺度的正响应区，差异显著性置信度优于5×10-3.而在此区域内，闪电活动对耀斑爆发恰恰相反，是明显的负响应.     

基于闪电定位系统的海南岛闪电活动特征分析

利用ADTD-2C型闪电定位探测系统监测的2014—2015年海南岛闪电信息,通过数理统计等方法,分析和研究了海南岛闪电的时空分布规律和活动特征,结果表明:ADTD-2C型闪电定位系统能够全面监测海南岛的闪电信息,闪电信息能够有效反映海南岛的闪电活动特征.海南岛闪电频数具有"单峰"特征,全年各月均有发生闪电的记录,4~11月份是海南岛发生闪电的主要月份.闪电发生时段较为集中,主要是从午后开始,至傍晚达到最高峰.海南岛负地闪频数远大于正地闪频数,且负地闪强度显著高于正地闪强度.正地闪的雷电流幅值主要集中在6 k A~30 k A,负地闪的强度主要集中在-60 k A~-7 k A.海南岛北部的闪电密度要明显高于南部地区,北部和南部闪电强度相对较大,西部和中部地区闪电强度相对较小.     

第22太阳活动周软X射线耀斑的统计研究

根据GOES卫星资料 (1～ 8 ) ,统计了第 2 2太阳活动周 (1986 .9～ 1996 .10 )软X射线耀斑数 ,共计 2 0 930个耀斑 ,其中X级最少 ,不到 1% ;M级为 10 % ;C级最多 ,约占 6 0 % .统计发现 ,此活动周有两个峰 ,分别在 1989年和 1991年 ,1989年平均耀斑指数为 4 2 7,1991年为 4 6 8;C、M及X级耀斑数在活动周的上升期迅速增大 ,两年多时间就达到极大 ;而下降期缓慢减小 ,长达 4年多 ;耀斑发生率随软X射线峰值流量的变化呈幂律谱分布 ,谱指数为 - 2 .135 ,相关系数为- 0 .987;小耀斑易受背景影响 ,B级耀斑以及C级耀斑中的较小者在峰年及其前后往往湮没在背景中 ,无法辨别 .还发现X射线耀斑的光学对应体 (Hα耀斑 )与X射线耀斑的比率随X射线耀斑级别的增高而增大 ,X级的光学对应体达 94 % ,M级为 83% ,C级为 6 3% ,B级只有 30 % .     

基于闪电定位系统的重庆地区地闪日分布特征分析

采用重庆地区闪电定位资料(1999-2008),通过数理统计等方法,重点分析重庆地区地闪日分布的特征.结 果表明:全市闪电发生频率呈现双峰双谷状态,二个高频时期分别为0:00-3:00和13:00-16:00;闪电雷电流幅 值的两个峰值时段分布在凌晨和正午前夕;夜间闪电比例达到60%以上,主要分布在22:00-04:00,为典型的夜 间主导型地区;全市夜间闪电百分率可以分为5个等级.在此基础上,对夜闪分布进行了区划,得到了地形、太阳 辐射的日循环和季节性变化是影响日分布特征形成的重要因素.     

风云二号卫星空间环境监测器

风云二号卫星空间环境监测器由空间高能粒子探测器和太阳X射线探测器两台单机组成, 运行在地球同步轨道高度, 能够提供实时的太阳耀斑监测和质子事件监测. 风云二号空间环境监测器是国内第一套天基太阳质子事件监测警报系统, 在23周太阳活动峰年期间基本监测到所有的质子事件, 并通过分析实时监测的耀斑X射线辐射特征, 多次成功地开展了太阳质子事件警报服务. 风云二号空间环境监测器也是国内第一次进行地球同步高度的空间环境探测, 发现地球同步高度粒子变化的一些基本特征, 包括粒子通量的昼夜周期变化; 在太阳和地磁宁静时, 能量大于1.4 MeV电子通量在10~2×10²/cm²×s×sr之间变化, 能量大于1 MeV的质子通量在6×10²~8×10³/cm²×s×sr之间变化.     

中国不同地区闪电活动和气溶胶的相关性研究

基于10年(2002~2011)卫星观测资料,研究气溶胶浓度(以气溶胶光学厚度AOD代替),地面温度,相对湿度,海拔高度以及其他数据对中国两个不同地区夏季闪电活动的响应。结果表明,不同地区闪电活动主要影响因素不同。对于气溶胶浓度低的地区(AOD_(ave)=0.14),地面温度(偏相关系数为0.745)、海拔高度(偏相关系数为-0.613)可能是影响该区域闪电活动的主要因素;对于气溶胶浓度高的地区(AOD_(ave)=0.60),地面温度(偏相关系数为0.87)、气溶胶浓度(偏相关系数为-0.823)、相对湿度(偏相关系数为0.818)可能是影响该区域闪电活动的主要因素。另外气溶胶浓度低和高的两个地区气溶胶对闪电活动的影响是相反的。对于气溶胶浓度低的地区,闪电密度与AOD,冰粒子光学厚度(IOT)呈明显正相关(R=0.81,0.82),气溶胶可能主要通过微物理过程增加云滴数量,随之冰粒子含量增多,增强雷暴云活动,促进闪电活动的发生;对于气溶胶浓度高的地区,闪电密度与AOD呈明显负相关(R=-0.78),地面气温与AOD呈负相关(R=-0.29),而IOT与闪电密度无相关性(R=0.09),表明气溶胶可能通过辐射效应,使到达地球表面的太阳辐射降低,地面温度降低,雷暴云强度减弱,使冰粒子含量减少,导致闪电活动减弱。     

中国不同地区闪电活动和气溶胶的相关性

基于10年(2002~2011)卫星观测资料,研究气溶胶浓度(以气溶胶光学厚度AOD代替),地面温度,相对湿度,海拔高度以及其他数据对中国两个不同地区夏季闪电活动的响应。结果表明,不同地区闪电活动主要影响因素不同。对于气溶胶浓度低的地区(AOD_(ave)=0.14),地面温度(偏相关系数为0.745)、海拔高度(偏相关系数为-0.613)可能是影响该区域闪电活动的主要因素;对于气溶胶浓度高的地区(AOD_(ave)=0.60),地面温度(偏相关系数为0.87)、气溶胶浓度(偏相关系数为-0.823)、相对湿度(偏相关系数为0.818)可能是影响该区域闪电活动的主要因素。另外气溶胶浓度低和高的两个地区气溶胶对闪电活动的影响是相反的。对于气溶胶浓度低的地区,闪电密度与AOD,冰粒子光学厚度(IOT)呈明显正相关(R=0.81,0.82),气溶胶可能主要通过微物理过程增加云滴数量,随之冰粒子含量增多,增强雷暴云活动,促进闪电活动的发生;对于气溶胶浓度高的地区,闪电密度与AOD呈明显负相关(R=-0.78),地面气温与AOD呈负相关(R=-0.29),而IOT与闪电密度无相关性(R=0.09),表明气溶胶可能通过辐射效应,使到达地球表面的太阳辐射降低,地面温度降低,雷暴云强度减弱,使冰粒子含量减少,导致闪电活动减弱。     

高温超导Josephson结的微波响应分析

在 Aslam azov和 L arkin给出的 RSJ模型下电压时变方程无扰解的基础上 ,运用二阶微扰算法计算了Josephson结在高频辐射下的直流电压响应和阻抗 .结果表明 ,辐射响应正比于辐射功率 ,并且根据 Josephson固有频率 w0 是大于、等于还是小于辐射频率 w,可将响应分为三个特性频率区 .当 w大于或者小于 w0 时 ,响应可以用V- I特性参数表示 .当 w0 w时 ,响应正比于 :(1)直流特性曲线的斜率 ;(2 )辐射频率的负二次方 ;(3)本征Josephson振荡的电压幅值 .当 w0 w时 ,响应正比于 V- I曲线的曲率 .实验表明 ,当 w0 w时 ,响应正比于辐射功率和 V- I特性曲线的曲率 .所得到的等效噪声功率为 N EP=2 .45× 10 - 1 4 W/Hz1 / 2 ,明显优于常规的辐射热探测器     

高原负地闪前云闪K-型击穿过程的观测研究

利用CPS同步的高时间分辨率闪电电场变化仪,对青藏高原东部地区的雷电特征进行了多点同步观测,得到了1 μs时间分辨率的多站同步闪电电场变化资料．利用高频辐射脉冲到达不同测站的时间差,对一次负地闪前的云闪K-型击穿过程进行了分析,得到了其放电过程的起始位置和发展路径．K口型击穿过程起始于云中部的负电荷区,并以1．5×107m／s的速度向下部正电荷区域传播．雷暴云中正、负电荷离地高度分别为2．5～3．5km和5．0～6．0km．     

植物生长调节剂对龙眼长跗萤叶甲为害梢的促梢作用

本文研究了 4种植物生长调节剂和尿素不同浓度对龙眼长跗萤叶甲为害梢的效能试验 ,结果表明芸苔素 0 .15× 10 -6、0 .2× 10 -6、 0 .3× 10 -6,赤霉素 2 0× 10 -6,萘乙酸 2× 10 -6、3× 10 -6,迦姆 15 0× 10 -6、2 0 0×10 -6、2 5 0× 10 -6,尿素 92 0× 10 -6对龙眼长跗萤叶甲为害梢抽发新芽梢和促进新梢的生长有较好的效果     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-