基于决策树判别的高温目标遥感识别方法

通常,高温目标与常温地物间光谱特征差异显著;但研究发现,Landsat8 OLI遥感影像中彩钢屋顶像元却与高温目标(林火)的光谱特征颇为相似,使用以往高温目标识别方法识别效果不佳。为实现高温目标的精确识别,引入决策树判别法;根据不同地物类型的相似程度构建决策树模型,针对各分支结点的相似地物类型,按定量指标分别进行特征波段筛选,确定反映地物间本质区别的判别函数,并经分类统计确定判别阈值。研究表明,所构建的决策树能够准确划分地物类型,在实现同一般常温地物有效区分的同时,能有针对性地区分高温目标与彩钢屋顶建筑,高温目标识别精度为97. 67%。     

基于CBERS影像的厦门环岛路沙滩信息提取研究

[摘要]用传统的遥感图像分类法分类时,沙滩极易与建筑用地、未利用地产生混淆,分类精度不高．本研究以2009年的CBERS-02影像为数据源,在提取和分析主要地物光谱特征的基础上,通过图像分类、谱间关系和多重阈值法对厦门环岛路的沙滩信息提取方法进行了探讨,并基于ENVIIDL进行模型设计,较好地将沙滩与易于混淆的建筑用地信息区分开来,沙滩信息提取的总体精度提高到88．72％．     

基于改进的NDBI指数法的遥感影像城镇用地信息自动提取

针对目前遥感影像城镇用地信息提取存在精度不高、不够客观等问题,在分析Landsat ETM影像上各主要地物光谱特征的基础上,提出了一种基于改进的归一化建筑指数(NDBI)的遥感影像城镇用地信息自动提取方法.利用南京市主城区的Landsat ETM影像对该方法进行了验证,结果表明:该方法能够有效提取研究区的城镇用地信息;相对于常规的NDBI指数法,改进后的方法消除了稀疏植被对城镇用地提取精度的影响,大大提高了城镇用地信息的精度,并具有快速、客观等优点.     

遥感影像的云及其阴影覆盖区光谱重构

以往遥感影像的云及其阴影去除方法侧重于受遮盖地物的几何特征恢复,不利于基于光谱特征的信息提取。为此,提出一种基于地物类别特征的光谱重构方法,采用两期相邻年
份相近物候期的遥感数据,借助归一化差值和决策树分类的方法,检测厚云及其阴影,并提取相应区域地表覆盖类型信息,对两时相遥感影像各波段被遮挡区的每种地物类别做线性回归分析,获取被遮挡区的重构数据。实验结果表明,该方法在恢复受云影响地物几何信息的同时,较好地实现了遮盖区地物光谱信息模拟。     

基于独立分量分析的遥感影像分类方法

多光谱遥感影像反映了不同地物的光谱特征,其分类是遥感应用的基础。独立分量分析对未知的源信号的混合信号进行估计,可以获得相互独立的源信号的近似。独立分量分析利用了信号的高阶统计信息,对于多光谱遥感影像而言,其去除了波段影像之间的相关性,获得的波段影像是相互独立的。最后通过TM遥感影像数据的分类试验,验证了基于独立分量分析的线性光谱混合分析模型应用于多光谱遥感影像非监督分类的有效性。     

利用决策树模型的湿地提取与分类

为解决因湿地环境复杂且类型多样导致光谱混淆而难以对其自动遥感提取的问题,采用决策树模型的湿地信息提取方法,以Landsat OLI影像光谱特征和经缨帽变换后的数据为基础,结合不同类型湿地的环境特征和空间特征信息,提出先分区再分类的思想,构建决策树分类模型.对原始影像进行缨帽变换,利用变换后的湿度分量及地物的光谱特征规律,将研究区划分为水体区域、植被区域和非植被区域,然后分别对各个区域进行再分类,逐层分级,最终实现不同类型湿地的分级提取.研究结果表明:采用分区分类思想构建决策树模型,可以有效提取湿地信息,精度达87.50%.     

一种新的湿地信息遥感提取方法研究

针对多光谱影像水体信息提取,结合湿地遥感自身特点,提出了一种基于湿度分量与水体光谱特征的湿地信息提取方法.与传统单波段阈值法、谱间关系法等水体提取方法相比较,此算法不仅适合于开敞水体的提取,还将滩涂、芦苇沼泽地等湿地信息同时提取出来,然后利用建立的湿地分类决策树模型,实现了研究区湿地信息分类提取.     

SPOT5遥感影像不同融合方法对地物识别精度的影响

以河南省开封市北部及郊区的SPOT5遥感影像为基础数据,对SPOT5全色波段影像与多光谱影像的几种融合方式进行了比较研究;基于各种融合结果影像进行实验区域的计算机监督和非监督分类,提取各类地物面积数据,比较影像融合前后各类地物面积变化率;分析不同融合影像对地物识别精度的影响,确定适宜不同地物判识的融合影像和方法,旨在为土地利用类型调查中的影像融合方法的选择提供参考.     

基于QuickBird数据的输电线路径优选中地表信息提取

针对输电线路径优选的目标,利用QuickBird数据,基于地物类型光谱特征分析,结合遥感影像的纹理特征,采用决策树分类算法,提取影响输电线路径选择的主要地物要素.研究影响输电线选线的相关要素(如居民区、道路、水体等)及其背景地物要素(如耕地、空地等)的光谱特征和纹理特征,确立以4个波段亮度值、归一化植被指数(NDVI)和纹理对比度参数作为特征变量,建立了基于光谱和纹理组合的决策树分类模型,有效地实现居民地、道路和水体信息的提取,并将自适应滤波方法用于分类后处理,优化了分类结果.总体精度由82.09%提高到92.83%,Kappa系数由0.760 8提高到0.904 1.该精度能够满足输电线路径初选优化的要求,为提取影响输电线路径初选地物要素提供了高效快速的技术方法和基础地理数据.     

V律指数法提取城市建筑用地遥感影像的研究

通过对Landsat ETM+不同波段遥感影像主要土地利用类型光谱特征曲线进行分析,提出一种新的提取城市建筑用地的方法:V律指数法(V law index,VLI).该方法采用3个波段的遥感影像,并结合约束条件,通过简单的逻辑判断和乘法运算实现建筑用地的提取.随机矩阵点实验测试表明:VLI法能够获得较好的提取效果,与其...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with