基于深度学习的三维乳腺超声影像自适应分割

针对传统乳腺超声影像分割算法存在准确率低、精度低且耗时长等问题,提出基于深度学习的三维乳腺超声影像自适应分割算法。首先预处理图像,采用深度多示例学习方法检测病变图像块,删除正常图像块。然后对乳腺超声影像数据集扩增处理,用于神经网络训练。其次构建残差卷积神经网络模型,设计残差学习单元,结合扩增数据集形成特征映射,采用softmax函数训练网络并进行特征块判断,并结合阈值设置实现三维乳腺超声影像自适应分割。实验结果表明,该算法能更细致地完成图像分割,算法平均运行耗时为52.3 s,图像分割精度为95.5%,且F1分数值高,整体性能佳,为卷积神经网络分割应用提供参考。     

城市河网的低空遥感影像全卷积神经网络水质等级分类

提出一种基于深度学习的图像像素级标注算法。通过数据预处理、数据集建立、全卷积神经网络设计和训练流程,实现水体的水质等级分类及像素级标注。使用上海市嘉定区某区域和上海市宝山区杨行镇某区域的无人机低空遥感影像对该算法进行了验证,平均水质等级分类精度分别达到了87.96%和77.57%。     

图像分类卷积神经网络的进化设计

为解决图像分类中深度卷积神经网络(Convolutional neural networks,CNN)中较为复杂的人工网络设计与调参问题,提出基于ResNet模块的进化卷积、神经网络(Evolutionary convolutional neural network,ECNN)的自动设计方法,并将其运用到图像分类中.该方法基于ResNet模块与2D卷积层,采用进化算法(Evolutionary algorithm,EA)对网络结构及参数进行优化.在NLM官方发布的疟疾数据集下进行实验,不同比例的测试集划分可以达到95.6%的分类准确率,文中算法与AlexNet、VGG16、Xception等人工设计的深度学习分类算法进行了比较,实验结果表明,其准确率提升了约1%.在斯坦福大学发布的Stanford cars车辆图像数据集中进行了算法泛化验证,结果表明,文中算法在不同比例数据的测试中准确率均在94.5%以上,将该算法与深度学习分类算法VGG16进行比较,准确率效果相当,模型测试图像分类耗时仅为VGG16耗时的1/13,且训练参数量较少.两组对比测试实验数据表明,相比人工设计的深度学习算法,本文方法具有较好的图像分类性能与较快的图像分类速度.     

基于半监督阶梯网络的肝脏CT 影像分割

针对医学影像数据中标记样本较少且人工标记成本高的问题, 提出一种基于半监督阶梯网络的肝脏CT(Computed Tomography)影像分割模型。首先, 利用超像素分割对数据进行预处理减少数据量, 并以像素点为中心提取子图像(patch)放入半监督模型进行训练。最后, 利用训练模型进行肝脏分割。实验结果表明, 该模型利用少量的标记图片得到了与监督学习相近的结果。     

基于深度学习的高分辨率遥感图像车辆检测

针对公路交通量的传统检测方法存在周期较长且需要人工辅助等问题,利用深度学习在目标检测领域的优势,提出基于深度学习的高分辨率遥感图像车辆检测方法。首先对遥感图像进行预处理和分割,提取所需的道路区域,减少其他区域的干扰;再利用高分辨率遥感图像数据集对深度卷积神经网络进行训练,得到用于车辆检测的模型,并最终得到有效的车辆检测系统。经过试验验证,该方法可有效地检测遥感图像道路区域中的车辆,并有较高的准确率。     

基于Faster-RCNN的遥感图像飞机检测算法

CCCV2017发布遥感图像飞机数据集,用于评测飞机检测算法.针对该遥感图像数据集中的飞机朝向不确定、图像覆盖范围广、图像背景复杂度高,导致飞机检测难度大、检测算法准确率和算法泛化能力低等问题,提出了基于Faster-RCNN的飞机检测改进算法.首先,通过对图像采用翻转以及角度旋转等方式对数据集进行合理的扩增;然后,在扩增后的数据集上,使用深度残差网络对图像进行特征提取,针对数据集中飞机目标的长宽比特点优化区域建议网络;同时,为了防止训练集中正负样本不均衡,采用在线困难样本挖掘方法对数据进行训练.在CCCV2017数据集上评估表明,改进后的Faster-RCNN算法极大提高了初始的Faster-RCNN算法性能,在测试集上m AP达到了89.93%.在NWPUVHR-10、NWPU-RESISC45、UCAS-AOD遥感图像飞机数据集测试表明,该改进模型同样具有良好的性能,从而验证了该模型具有良好的鲁棒性和泛化能力.     

基于深度学习的场景遥感图像分类方法研究

为了解决场景遥感图像通常分类性能较差、分类精度不高的问题,提出一种基于改进VGG16的场景遥感图像分类方法。针对传统VGG16模型参数量庞大的问题,对通道数以及参数量进行缩减。在算法运行过程中对数据进行正则化处理,并在分类方法中加入注意力机制。通过将注意力机制与CNN模型进行结合,并对两者进行端到端的训练,提高了模型的分类性能。在不同的分类与检测数据集上进行测试,实验结果表明,在相同的参数设置下,提出的方法能明显提高对场景遥感图像分类的性能。     

基于深度置信网络与数学形态学融合的遥感影像建筑物变化检测

当前人工调查土地资源利用情况具有较高的人力成本且劳动强度大,对其实现自动变化检测具有较高的理论和应用价值。将深度置信网络(deep belief network,DBN)应用于高分辨率遥感影像的建筑物变化检测,但DBN在变化检测时存在由误判现象造成的建筑物完整度欠缺、空间存在噪声等问题,提出DBN与数学形态学融合模型对高分辨率遥感影像建筑物进行变化检测。在遥感影像预处理基础上,标记少量明显的变化与未变化样本,利用搜索窗口从标记的区域获取大量带有标签的样本训练融合模型分类器对建筑物进行变化检测,检测方法准确率为94.76%,召回率为87.63%,F_1为91.06%。实验结果表明,该方法可以为建筑物的变化检测提供有效依据。     

顾及区域信息的卷积神经网络在影像语义分割中的应用

高分辨率遥感影像在实际应用中得到广泛使用。高分影像语义分割方法的研究具有重要实际应用价值。近来基于深度卷积网络的遥感影像标注方法表现出了比传统方法更为优越的性能;然而由于其基于固定感受野大小的上下文信息获取方法没有显式利用像素间约束关系,导致同一地物内部语义标注结果不一致。基于同一区域内部像素属于相同类别概率较大的假定,试图引入图像区域内部语义标注一致性约束,以改善现有深度卷积神经网络描述上下文信息的能力。在现有全卷积网络模型基础上,利用卷积神经网络最后一层特征,引入一个表示区域内部像素特征一致性的损失函数;将该损失函数与softmax损失函数进行联合训练,得到网络模型参数。在ISPRS(国际摄影测量与遥感学会)的Vaihingen 2D语义标注数据集上,对提出的方法进行了实验验证,实验结果表明所提方法在大多数类别上取得了较现有卷积神经网络模型更优的分类结果,总体准确率达85.18%。提出的引入区域内部像素标记一致性的全卷积网络模型,可以有效捕捉区域内部像素特征一致性的上下文信息,能有效纠正全卷积网络模型在区域内部像素分类中的冲突,获得区域一致较好的分类结果,从而改善图像的语义标注效果。     

基于RetinaNet的SAR图像舰船目标检测

在合成孔径雷达图像舰船目标检测中,由于背景复杂多变,传统的基于人工特征的目标检测方法效果较差.基于深度学习中的单阶段目标检测算法RetinaNet,结合合成孔径雷达图像本身特征信息较少的特点,采用了多特征层融合的思想,改进了网络特征提取能力,提出了相适应的损失函数的计算方法.采用SAR图像舰船目标检测数据集(SSDD)对网络进行训练,并通过样本增强和迁移学习的方法提升算法的鲁棒性和收敛速度.通过实验与其他基于深度学习的目标检测算法所得结果进行比较,结果表明本算法具有更高的检测精度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.