新型肽VIP-TAT对NMDA诱导的大鼠视网膜损伤的神经保护作用

目的:研究新型肽VIP-TAT(血管活性肠肽重组肽)对NMDA(N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸)诱导的大鼠视网膜损伤的神经保护作用.方法:向SD大鼠双眼玻璃体腔注射40nmol NMDA(2μL)建立视网膜损伤模型,治疗组向玻璃体腔注射2μL不同浓度(10 pmol/L、1 nmol/L、100 nmol/L、10μmol/L)的VIP-TAT,NMDA组用等体积生理盐水替代,正常对照组不作任何处理.分别于术后7天用黑白箱装置对其行为学进行检测,观察每组大鼠术后视觉行为的变化;采用视网膜电图评估每组大鼠视功能的差异;石蜡切片HE染色比较各组大鼠视网膜形态学的差异.结果:行为学检测显示,各组大鼠在暗室停留时间的无统计学差异(P0.05);视网膜电图检测结果表明浓度为1 nmol/L的VIP-TAT能够显著提高因NMDA损伤而降低的b波与明视负向反应(Ph NR)的振幅;HE染色显示:在NMDA诱导的青光眼模型中,浓度为1 nmol/L的VIP-TAT能有效增加NMDA诱导的青光眼模型视中视网膜神经节细胞的存活数目.结论:NMDA诱导的SD大鼠青光眼模型中,VIP-TAT对视网膜神经节细胞有保护作用.     

佩兰提取物降脂活性的实验研究

研究佩兰提取物对高脂血症模型大鼠的降脂活性。采用60只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常大鼠组、高脂血症模型对照组、辛伐他汀组(5 mg·kg-1)及佩兰提取物低剂量组(6 g生药·kg-1)和高剂量组(12 g生药·kg-1),每组12只;高脂饲料喂养造模,造模同时给予相应药物的干预。分别于第5周和第10周检测各组大鼠的各项血脂水平。与高脂血症模型对照组比较,佩兰提取物低剂量组和高剂量组的TC、TG和LDL-C水平均降低,HDL-C的水平升高,高剂量组的作用最为显著(P0.05)。佩兰提取物具有降低高脂血症大鼠血脂的活性,具有开发前景。     

毛郁金乙醇提取物降血脂作用研究

【目的】研究毛郁金(Curcuma aromatica)乙醇提取物降血脂作用,为其综合开发利用提供依据。【方法】通过高脂饲料喂养及脂肪乳剂灌胃,建立高脂血症大鼠模型,连续3周给予毛郁金乙醇提取物进行治疗,设正常组、高脂模型组、辛伐他汀组和毛郁金乙醇提取物高、中、低剂量(生药18g·kg-1·d-1,12g·kg-1·d-1,6g·kg-1·d-1)组,以动物实验研究毛郁金乙醇提取物降血脂的作用。【结果】毛郁金乙醇提取物可降低大鼠血清总胆固醇(CHOL)、三酰甘油(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的含量,并提高血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)含量,对血清CHOL、LDL-C的降低作用:高中低剂量组,中剂量组对降低TG、升高HDL-C含量具有较好作用,毛郁金各给药组均对大鼠血清LDL-C含量有极显著降低作用。【结论】毛郁金乙醇提取物具有明显的降血脂作用。     

法夫酵母类胡萝卜素提取物对肝损伤的保护作用

为了明确法夫酵母(Phaffia rhodozyma)类胡萝卜素提取物对化学性肝损伤大鼠丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)肝细胞坏死程度的影响,建立CCl_4诱导大鼠化学性肝损伤模型,将60只大鼠随机分成6组,分别是正常组,模型组,联苯双酯组,低、中、高剂量组(受试样剂量分别为0. 187 5、0. 375、0. 75 g/kg),检测大鼠血清中ALT、AST活性,并观察肝脏细胞的病理损伤情况。结果显示,法夫酵母类胡萝卜素高剂量组大鼠血清ALT与模型组比较显著降低(P 0. 05),受试样品不同剂量组大鼠的肝细胞病变均有不同程度的减轻。表明,法夫酵母类胡萝卜素提取物对大鼠化学性肝损伤有辅助保护作用。     

芪苈强心减轻阿霉素诱导的小鼠心脏损伤

探讨了芪苈强心(Qiliqiangxin,QLQX)对阿霉素(doxorubicin,DOX)诱导的小鼠心功能下降的治疗作用.选取7~9周雄性小鼠为实验对象,将其随机分组,通过每周腹腔注射一次阿霉素(4 mg/kg)构建小鼠心脏损伤模型,治疗组同时口饲芪苈强心(0.5 g/(kg·d)).实验终点进行心脏超声检查.实验结果表明,芪苈强心可以减轻阿霉素诱导的心脏损伤,保护小鼠心功能.这提示芪苈强心有可能作为一种缓解阿霉素所致心脏损伤的药物.     

发育中大鼠皮层神经元早期无镁细胞外液处理诱导NMDAR亚基mRNA表达的远期变化

以原代培养的大鼠大脑皮层神经元无镁诱导的反复惊厥样放电为模型,根据对培养6d(天)皮层神经元的不同处理分为3组：正常DMEM培养液组（CONT1）、正常细胞外液组（CONT2）和无镁细胞外液组（MGF）。神经元在上述3种液体中孵育3h,然后恢复正常DMEM培养液继续培养,在培养7、12及17d时应用实时定量PCR测定了发育中大鼠皮层神经元无镁细胞外液处理后NMDA受体亚基NR1、NR2A与NR2B mRNA表达的变化。结果显示: MGF组NR1 mRNA表达在培养7d时明显降低,培养12d时明显升高（p<0.05）;NR2A mRNA表达在培养12d时明显降低,培养17d时明显升高（p<0.05）;NR2B mRNA表达在培养7d与17d时明显升高（p<0.05）。而培养17d NR1 mRNA表达、7d NR2A mRNA表达及12d的皮层神经元NR2B mRNA表达3组中两两比较无统计学差异（p>0.05）。MGF组NR1/NR2A、NR1/NR2B和NR1/NR2A/NR2B在培养7、12与17d皮层神经元均有明显的变化。可见早期无镁细胞外液处理可以诱导发育中大鼠皮层神经元远期NMDAR亚基mRNA表达的改变。     

姜黄素对IL-6损伤的大鼠海马神经元的功能性保护作用及机制

目的:探讨姜黄素对IL-6损伤的大鼠海马神经元的功能性保护作用及其机制.方法:应用离体脑片记录技术,记录大鼠海马CA1区的兴奋性突触后电位(EPSP),给予Schaffer侧支高频电刺激(HFS)诱发长时程增强(LTP),观察不同药物处理组EPSP起始斜率的变化情况.结果:与对照组相比,IL-6和N-甲基D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)对大鼠海马脑片的LTP产生明显的抑制作用(P<0.05);而姜黄素可部分拮抗IL-6和NMDA对海马脑片LTP的抑制作用,与模型组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-6、姜黄素和NMDA对大鼠海马神经元的基础突触传递无影响.结论:姜黄素对海马神经元具有功能性保护作用,其机制可能是作用于神经元细胞膜上的NMDA受体,拮抗IL-6引起神经元功能异常.     

rHEPO对大鼠急性视网膜光损伤的保护作用及时效性研究

目的探讨重组人促红细胞生成素(r HEPO)对大鼠急性视网膜光损伤的保护作用及时效性.方法选取4周龄雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分成5组:正常对照组、模型对照组、模型治疗1、2、3组,其中正常对照组8只,其余各组均为10只,应用手术显微镜(光照强度为(22 000±1 000)lux)对模型各组造模.模型治疗1、2、3组:分别在光照前4 h、光照后立即、光照后3 d按照5 000 IU/kg腹腔注射r HEPO 1次.模型对照组:光照前后均未给予药物干预.7 d后处死所有大鼠,摘取眼球,应用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察视网膜的变化;应用免疫组织化学的方法检测Caspase-3的表达.结果 1)HE染色:正常对照组中大鼠视网膜各层结构完整,层次分明,排列整齐,细胞核形态规整,染色均匀.模型对照组中大鼠视网膜光感受器内、外节排列紊乱,有空泡形成,部分断裂;外核层较正常对照组明显变薄(P0.05),核间隙加大,部分有碎核现象.模型治疗各组大鼠视网膜光感受器内、外节排列紊乱,有小空泡形成;外核层较正常对照组有不同程度变薄(P0.05),模型治疗1、2组好于模型对照组(P0.05),且1组优于2组(P0.05),模型治疗3组与模型对照组比较差异无统计学意义.2)Caspase-3表达:与正常对照组相比,模型各组的Caspase-3表达均有所增强(P0.05);模型治疗1、2、3组表达依次增强,两两比较差异具有统计学意义;模型对照组与模型治疗3组表达最强,二者之间无差异(P0.05).结论 r HEPO对视网膜光损伤具有保护作用,并具有一定的时效性,早期用药效果好,其中光损伤前4 h预用药优于光损伤后立即用药.     

芪丑汤对肾向质纤维化大鼠EMT抵抗作用研究

研究芪丑汤对肾间质纤维化大鼠肾小管上皮细胞转分化的抵抗作用,探讨其抗肾间质纤维化的作用机制.采用单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)诱导大鼠肾间质纤维化动物模型,以依那普利为阳性对照药,将大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,依那普利组,芪丑汤高剂量组,中剂量组,低剂量组.术后第12天处死大鼠,收集血清测定肌酐(Scr),尿素氮水平(BU...     

茵陈蒿提取物对高脂高糖饲养诱致脂肪肝大鼠抗氧化能力和肝功能的影响

目的研究茵陈蒿提取物对高脂高糖饲养诱致脂肪肝大鼠抗氧化能力和肝功能的影响.方法采用高脂、高糖饲料喂养大鼠,饲养8周时,将大鼠随机分为模型组、二甲双胍组(0.2 g.kg-1)、茵陈蒿提取物高剂量组(6.9 g.kg-1)和低剂量组(2.3 g.kg-1).连续灌胃给药4周后,测定大鼠血浆甘油三酯(TC)、总胆固醇(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平,测定氨基转移酶(ALT,AST)活性、抗氧化能力和转移生长因子β1(TGF-β1)和脂联素等变化.结果茵陈蒿提取物明显提高SOD和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)活性和降低MDA含量,降低血脂(TC,TG,FFA和LDL-C)水平,升高HDL-C水平;同时,明显降低谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性和TGF-β1水平,提高脂联素水平.结论茵陈蒿提取物对该模型具有提高其抗氧化能力、降低血脂和肝脏损害因子的作用,对肝脏功能有保护作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-