抗体技术研究进展(1):人源抗体技术

100年来,抗体的发现为人类疾病诊断、治疗和有害物质的分析检测发挥了巨大的作用.特别是1975年发明了单克隆抗体技术以及1986年发明基因工程抗体技术,为研制特异性高、大量均一并大量生产抗体成为了现实,也使嵌合抗体、全人源抗体造福人类并产生巨大的经济效益.为了克服鼠源性单抗可诱发人抗鼠抗体(HAMA),通过嵌合抗体、改构抗体、小分子抗体等技术和改良抗体与抗原结合的特异性,已成为抗体技术研究的主要发展方向,本文主要就抗体人源化及抗体分子小型化,抗体功能复合化两个部分的进展进行综述.     

噬菌体抗体库的构建

噬菌体抗体库技术是近年来非常活跃的一个研究领域．本文主要讨论噬菌体抗体库构建中一些关键的问题．     

Light-dependent antibody labelling of photoreceptors

Monoclonal antibodies are tools widely used to analyse the structure of the nervous system. Whereas some labelling patterns are highly reproducible, others appear to vary from one preparation to the next, as we noticed in particular for some antibodies with respect to photoreceptor labelling. To establish whether some of this variability can be linked to functional criteria, we tested for light-dependence. We found two antibodies that label photoreceptor outer segments, only when the retina has been illuminated, and a third antibody that has a selective affinity for dark-adapted outer segments. The two antibodies against light-activated sites are primarily directed against the highly phosphorylated neurofilament subunit at relative molecular mass 200,000 (200K). One of them, RT97, recognizes on immunoblots, in addition to neurofilaments, a light-activated epitope on a protein that resembles the photopigment rhodopsin, presumably a phosphorylation-dependent site. Antibodies like those described here may allow the study of physiological processes such as light and dark adaptation using morphological techniques.     

噬菌体抗体库的构建

噬菌体抗体库技术是近年来非常活跃的一个研究领域,本文主要讨论噬菌体抗体库构建中一些关键的问题。     

Somatic generation of antibody diversity

In the genome of a germ-line cell, the genetic information for an immunoglobulin polypeptide chain is contained in multiple gene segments scattered along a chromosome. During the development of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes, these gene segments are assembled by recombination which leads to the formation of a complete gene. In addition, mutations are somatically introduced at a high rate into the amino-terminal region. Both somatic recombination and mutation contribute greatly to an increase in the diversity of antibody synthesized by a single organism.     

抗原化抗体及其应用

抗原化抗体是指在抗体分子可变区的互补决定区中插入外源蛋白寡肽的人工构建抗体 综述了抗原化抗体的性质、构建方法、应用及展望