不同化学配比钨酸铅晶体缺陷的研究

利用正电子湮没寿命谱（PAT）和X光电子能谱（XPS）的测试手段，对不同化学配比钨酸铅晶体中缺陷进行研究，结果表明丰W样品增加晶体中铅空位（VPb）浓度（物质的量比）、而丰Pb样品则少晶体中VPb浓度。这一结论对大尺寸钨酸铅晶体生长过程中关于温度梯度、生长速度和加温制度的有效选取具有一定的参考作用。并结合发射谱的测试，提出钨酸铅晶体中的绿发光很可能产生于由VPb引起的WO3＋O^-。     

二价离子掺杂钨酸铅晶体的计算机模拟

应用GULP软件计算了PbWO4(PWO)晶体中分别掺杂Zn、Ca二价离子的相关缺陷生成能,并对计算结果进行了讨论.结果表明,Zn离子进入PWO晶体中只能占据铅空位附近的填隙位置,而Ca离子进入PWO晶体中可以占据铅空位,也可以占据铅空位附近的填隙位置,这两种情况出现几率近似;对于相同的掺杂浓度,在掺Zn的PWO晶体中的孤立铅空位数量比掺Ca的PWO晶体中少,从而掺Zn可以更好地抑制与铅空位有关的短波段吸收,增加晶体的光产额.     

PbWO4晶体中铅空位周围晶格弛豫的研究

使用相对论性密度泛函计算程序，按照能量最低原理采用共轭梯度方法，对缺铅的钨酸铅晶体进行结构优化处理．计算了铅空位周围晶格的弛豫，得到铅空位周围的晶格结构．结果表明，铅空位周围次近邻的正离子(Pb^2 和W^6 )向铅空位迁移，而铅空位周围最近邻的负离子(O^2-)向远离铅空位的方向迁移．晶格的驰豫结果使铅空位处的电负性降低．     

S掺杂锐钛矿TiO_2电子结构的第一性原理研究

对完整锐钛矿TiO2晶体及S掺杂锐钛矿TiO2晶体电子结构进行了基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究.通过对能带、态密度的分析,发现在S掺杂后,O原子,S原子与Ti原子在导带区发生了强烈的相互关联作用,致使Ti原子3d轨道上的电子向S原子的3p轨道,O原子的2p轨道移动,使得导带向低能区移动,从而使TiO2的禁带宽度变小,吸收边红移.从而揭示了S掺杂导致锐钛矿TiO2晶体禁带宽度变小的机理.理论计算与实验结果基本相符.     

OⅠ空位BaZrO_3晶体的第一性原理研究

利用第一性原理对BaZrO3块材的OⅠ空位进行研究.结果表明:由于存在OⅠ空位,O原子2p轨道电子与Ba原子4d轨道电子具有强烈的杂化,造成O原子向氧空位弛豫而Ba原子远离氧空位,从而形成四方晶体的有序结构.通过对布居数、态密度和能带进行分析,证明OⅠ空位使BaZrO3晶体具有铁电性.     

BaFCl:Eu~(2 )的正电子湮没谱研究

利用正电子湮没谱研究了不同离子数（Ｆ）／离子数（Ｃｌ）比ＢａＦＣｌ：Ｅｕ２＋系列粉末样品．实验结果表明：当晶体中的离子数（Ｆ）／离子数（Ｃｌ）＜１时，可以有效地产生Ｆ离子空位缺陷，当离子数（Ｆ）／离子数（Ｃｌ）比值在０．９２附近的空位缺陷浓度最大．     

不同对称性条件下光子晶体局域态的演化

光子晶体不仅可以用来调控自发辐射,还可以用来控制光的传输和局域.研究采用平面波展开法进行模拟计算.首先改变光子晶体H1缺陷及其附近介质柱的半径,使得光子晶格缺陷处超晶胞的旋转对称性具有C6v,C3v或C2v等点群的性质;然后分析二维圆形介质柱三角光子晶体的局域态在光子禁带中演化.计算结果表明：随着介质柱的半径的变化,光子晶体局域态会发生变化,其演化表现出阶段性;同时随着对称性破缺程度的加深,会有更多缺陷态进入光子禁带.计算选择硅（Si）作为介质柱材料,主要为硅基光子晶体激光器的选模提供理论参考.     

BaFCl：Eu^2＋的正电子湮没谱研究

利用正电子湮没谱研究了不同离子数（Ｆ）／离子数（Ｃｌ）比ＢａＦＣｌ：Ｅｕ＾２＋系列粉末样品。实验结果表明：当晶体中的离子数（Ｆ）／离子数（Ｃｌ）〈１时，可以有效地产生Ｆ离子空位缺陷，当离子数（Ｆ）／离子数（Ｃｌ）比值在０．９２附近的空位缺陷浓度最大。     

三角对称下d~（3，7）离子全组态EPR理论及其对激光晶体KZnF_3：Cr~（3＋）的应用

本文借助于完全能量矩阵和Ｎｅｗｍａｎ的叠加模型建立了ｄ（３，７）（Ｃ）离子的全组态ＥＰＲ理论，并应用它研究了ＫＺｎＦ３：Ｃｒ（３＋）晶体．通过各向异性ｇ—因子及ＥＰＲ零场分裂参量Ｄ的研究，预言了Ｋ＋空位最邻近的Ｆ（－１）离子分别偏离Ｃ３轴２．６６１°和—１．１４９°．     

(Cu+N)共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2(001)面和(101)面电子结构的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了3d过渡元素Cu掺杂及(Cu+N)共掺杂于锐钛矿相TiO_2(001)面和(101)面的电子性质,给出了不同掺杂形式形成能、能带结构、态密度及电荷分布的变化,得出了(Cu+N)共掺杂时最稳定的结构.通过计算Cu表层吸附、表层和次表层替位掺杂以及晶体间隙掺杂的形成能,发现Cu掺杂更易发生在TiO_2(001)面的空穴位,此时N偏向于在水平方向上的O位发生替位掺杂.计算结果表明(Cu+N)共掺杂后Cu-3d与O-2p,N-2p及Ti-3d轨道上的电子发生p-d杂化效应,引发O-2p,N-2p态发生劈裂使得价带范围扩大,Ti-3d态下移且发生劈裂形成新的导带底,并且禁带中产生了新的电子态,禁带宽度减小,同时(Cu+N)施主受主杂质对的出现可以有效防止电子空穴对的复合,提高了TiO_2的光催化活性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.