薄形铜冷却壁的热态实验分析

为了减少高炉冷却壁的铜消耗量,降低单个铜冷却壁的价格,在保证高炉冷却效果的基础上,开发了一种薄型的铜冷却壁.为了测定该薄形铜冷却壁的冷却性能,设计了热态实验进行模拟实验.在未挂渣的情况下,当炉温为1200℃时,冷却壁冷面和热面的平均温度分别为72℃和135℃.当有热冲击的情况下,冷却壁冷面和热面的温度差变化不大.加快流速对降低冷却壁温度影响不大.当热面挂渣时,冷却壁的热流密度急剧降低,而且冷却壁热面温度随炉温变化很小.经过热态实验,薄型铜冷却壁的温度分布和热流密度基本符合高炉实际生产要求.     

不同工况下各种材质高炉冷却壁温度场数值模拟

建立高炉冷却壁稳态传热模型,模拟球墨铸铁、铸钢和铜3种材质的冷却壁在热面镶砖、裸露和挂渣等工况下的温度场分布。结果表明,相同工况条件下,铜冷却壁导热性能优于铸钢冷却壁导热性能,铸钢冷却壁导热性能优于球墨铸铁冷却壁导热性能;铸钢冷却壁热面温度远低于球墨铸铁冷却壁热面温度;渣皮的存在,对冷却壁体起温度降低和保护作用,从而延长冷却器及高炉寿命。     

高炉铸钢冷却壁热态实验研究

模拟高炉冷却壁的实际工作条件,进行1：1高炉铸钢冷却壁的热态实验,获得铸钢冷却壁的温度场分布,考察冷却水进水温度、水速以及炉气温度对铸钢冷却壁温度场的影响,分析了高炉冷却壁破损的主要原因,分析表明,降低水温以及提高冷却水水速都是不经济的,     

高炉铸钢冷却壁热态实验研究

模拟高炉冷却壁的实际工作条件，进行1：1高炉铸钢冷却壁的热态实验，获得铸钢冷却壁的温度场分布．考察冷却水进水温度、水速以及炉气温度对铸钢冷却壁温度场的影响，分析了高炉冷却壁破损的主要原因．分析表明，降低水温以及提高冷却水水速都是不经济的．实验结果表明，铸钢冷却壁的性能优于球墨铸铁冷却壁，但与铜冷却壁相比还有较大差距．     

铜钢复合冷却壁热变形分析

提高高炉炉腰及炉身下部冷却壁抗热变形能力是维持高炉长寿的关键.采用热态实验和数值模拟手段研究高炉炉腰及炉身下部区域铜钢复合冷却壁的传热及热变形行为,并与铜冷却壁进行对比分析.铜钢复合冷却壁热面无渣铁壳覆盖,煤气温度1200℃条件下,铜钢复合冷却壁最高温度为180℃,传热性能与铜冷却壁接近.铜钢界面最大等效应力约为114.45MPa,低于铜钢复合板的抗拉强度.铜钢复合冷却壁发生弯曲变形,中心z向位移为0.66 mm,较铜冷却壁低约25.8％;顶底端沿z向位移为0.13mm,较铜冷却壁低约50％;曲率为0.93×10-4 mm-1,较铜冷却壁低约51.81％.铜钢复合冷却壁抗变形能力优于铜冷却壁,可以避免铜冷却壁热变形过大导致的螺栓及冷却水管断裂破损问题.     

AZ31镁合金的超塑性研究

在温度为400～440℃、应变速率为10-2～10-4 s-1的范围内研究AZ31镁合金的超塑性.结果表明,当应变速率不小于5×10-3 s-1时,AZ31镁合金的超塑性伸长率随着温度的升高而增大.对应变速率敏感指数和拉伸试样的宏观断裂特征分析表明,应变速率敏感指数是影响超塑性的主要因素.当应变速率不大于5×10-4 s-1时,AZ31镁合金在420℃时具有最大伸长率.对断裂试样的颈缩现象和断口空洞的SEM分析表明,空洞是影响超塑性的主要因素.     

再结晶退火对ECAP变形5083铝合金力学性能的影响

为改善5083铝合金的力学性能,先后对其进行一道次等通道转角挤压处理及再结晶退火处理,再进行拉伸实验,分析变形温度、变形速率对合金伸长率和抗拉强度的影响,并观察合金的断口形貌.结果表明,在拉伸温度为100℃,应变速率为6.67×10-4 s-1时,合金的抗拉强度最高,达到319.7 MPa;当拉伸温度为300℃,应变速率为1.67×10-4 s-1时,合金的伸长率最大,达到75.8％.在拉伸变形过程中,合金出现应变硬化和应变软化现象,并且伴随有锯齿形流变现象.拉伸试样的断裂形式宏观表现为韧性断裂,微观形式为穿晶断裂,断口形貌由韧窝组成.随着变形温度的升高,韧窝的数量增多,尺寸变大,分布变均匀.     

X65管线钢控轧控冷工艺研究

本文介绍了利用热模拟试验机研究X65管线铜奥氏体连续冷却相变和组织演变规律。并进行了生产试制，研究了不同工艺参数对最终组织和性能影响。经过试验得知加热温度1200℃终轧温度780℃-820℃左右；冷却速度13℃／s-20℃／s左右，终冷温度在540℃-580℃生产的管线钢性能良好，满足要求。     

316L奥氏体不锈钢焊接热影响区性能

为了研究 316 L 焊接热影响区性能 ,采用特定的热、应力、应变模拟控制曲线 ,对其在 2 0℃、6 0 0℃、10 0 0℃及 110 0℃几种温度下进行热模拟拉伸试验 ,获得了此种材料在多种应变速率下的应力 -应变曲线 .结果表明 ,在一定的应变速率下 ,316 L 的弹性模量 E及屈服极限 σ0 .2 都随温度升高明显降低 ;在室温及高温下 ,316 L 存在着 σ0 .2 随应变速率提高而提高的应变率效应 ,且应变率敏感性随温度升高而增加 .同时 ,还观察到 316 L在高温 (10 0 0℃和110 0℃ )塑性状态下由粘塑性引起的应力松弛现象及室温下的加工硬化现象 .     

高炉铜冷却壁热态实验及温度场数值模拟

根据铜冷却壁传热过程分析,得到铜冷却壁热面复合传热系数的计算公式,并在1∶1的热态实验炉上进行了热态实验,得到不同炉气温度下相应的热面复合传热系数值.建立了铜冷却壁三维数学模型,模拟铜冷却壁在几种不同的热面边界条件下的温度场分布.通过与热态实验结果对比分析可知,热面复合传热系数不能取恒定值,需要考虑炉气温度变化的影响.通过模拟结果,计算壁体热流密度的分布,还可得到热面渣皮的厚度的变化范围.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to