高炉铜冷却壁热态实验及温度场数值模拟

根据铜冷却壁传热过程分析,得到铜冷却壁热面复合传热系数的计算公式,并在1∶1的热态实验炉上进行了热态实验,得到不同炉气温度下相应的热面复合传热系数值.建立了铜冷却壁三维数学模型,模拟铜冷却壁在几种不同的热面边界条件下的温度场分布.通过与热态实验结果对比分析可知,热面复合传热系数不能取恒定值,需要考虑炉气温度变化的影响.通过模拟结果,计算壁体热流密度的分布,还可得到热面渣皮的厚度的变化范围.     

高炉铸钢冷却壁温度和应变分布热态实验研究

为了研究铸钢冷却壁的高温工作性能,通过热态实验测试了铸钢冷却壁温度场分布,并首次在铸钢冷却壁上安装了应变片,对其冷面的应变分布进行了研究.在炉温1100℃无渣皮条件下,铸钢冷却壁热面最高温度在600℃左右,低于铸钢相变温度;冷面中心线部位应变在-5×10-4左右,四周平均应变在-3×10-4左右.对冷却水管进行了热阻分析,证实了冷却水管与基体之间融合充分,不存在气隙.验证了铸钢特殊的屈服现象,其在热冲击后应变分布得到明显改善.     

不同工况下各种材质高炉冷却壁温度场数值模拟

建立高炉冷却壁稳态传热模型,模拟球墨铸铁、铸钢和铜3种材质的冷却壁在热面镶砖、裸露和挂渣等工况下的温度场分布。结果表明,相同工况条件下,铜冷却壁导热性能优于铸钢冷却壁导热性能,铸钢冷却壁导热性能优于球墨铸铁冷却壁导热性能;铸钢冷却壁热面温度远低于球墨铸铁冷却壁热面温度;渣皮的存在,对冷却壁体起温度降低和保护作用,从而延长冷却器及高炉寿命。     

埋纯铜管铸铜冷却壁热态试验和热应力热变形研究

介绍了铸铜冷却壁的热态实验结果,采用数值模拟的方法分析了炉温、边缘接触压力对铸铜冷却壁热应力和热变形的影响.热态实验结果表明,铸铜冷却壁的冷却能力与轧制铜冷却壁相当,能够承受180 kW/m~2的热负荷,短时间内能承受250 kW/m~2的热负荷.热应力计算结果表明:铸铜冷却壁在高热负荷下不会产生疲劳裂纹.通过在杭钢2号高炉的工业测试说明铸铜冷却壁有很强的挂渣能力,且渣皮稳定.因此,铸铜冷却壁满足了高炉长寿的要求.由于铸铜冷却壁具有冷却能力大、自由布置冷却通道走向、成本较低等优势,因此有着很好的工业应用前景.     

铜钢复合冷却壁热变形分析

提高高炉炉腰及炉身下部冷却壁抗热变形能力是维持高炉长寿的关键.采用热态实验和数值模拟手段研究高炉炉腰及炉身下部区域铜钢复合冷却壁的传热及热变形行为,并与铜冷却壁进行对比分析.铜钢复合冷却壁热面无渣铁壳覆盖,煤气温度1200℃条件下,铜钢复合冷却壁最高温度为180℃,传热性能与铜冷却壁接近.铜钢界面最大等效应力约为114.45MPa,低于铜钢复合板的抗拉强度.铜钢复合冷却壁发生弯曲变形,中心z向位移为0.66 mm,较铜冷却壁低约25.8％;顶底端沿z向位移为0.13mm,较铜冷却壁低约50％;曲率为0.93×10-4 mm-1,较铜冷却壁低约51.81％.铜钢复合冷却壁抗变形能力优于铜冷却壁,可以避免铜冷却壁热变形过大导致的螺栓及冷却水管断裂破损问题.     

高炉铜冷却壁自保护能力的实现

讨论了实现高炉铜冷却壁冷却系统自保护能力的两个方面:挂渣能力和挂渣环境. 在编制通用三维冷却壁传热计算软件的基础上,通过对实际铜冷却壁进行计算并结合高炉实际操作经验分析得出:铜冷却壁更适合应用在高炉的高热负荷区;铜冷却壁具备很好的挂渣能力,但在高炉生产过程中实现冷却系统的"自保护"能力以达到长寿高效,还必须提供好的挂渣环境. 分析了挂渣环境的诸因素,给出了煤气温度变化时炉墙温度场的变化规律.     

冷却水管表面合金化球墨铸铁冷却壁的热应力和热变形

为了满足高炉长寿的需要,开发了一种具有高冷却性能的铸铁冷却壁. 利用热态实验数据确定了合金化管铸铁冷却壁温度场数值模拟的边界条件,采用ANSYS软件和热-结构耦合的方法分析炉温、渣皮和边缘接触压力对高温状态下铸铁冷却壁热应力及变形的影响,以便采取有效的措施降低铸铁冷却壁热应力,控制其变形. 根据球墨铸铁强度分析理论提出评价长寿铸铁冷却壁冷却能力的新概念--高周热负荷.     

变渣皮厚度条件下铜冷却壁应力分布规律及挂渣稳定性

根据热弹性力学理论,建立了渣皮厚度可变的铜冷却壁热-力耦合应力场分布计算模型,从铜冷却壁本体和炉渣-镶砖界面应力分布的角度分析了煤气温度、冷却制度、镶砖材质和炉渣性质等因素对铜冷却壁寿命及挂渣稳定性的影响规律.计算结果表明:煤气温度的升高使铜冷却壁本体应力线性升高,同时挂渣稳定性减弱;铜冷却壁本体应力值及挂渣稳定性均随渣皮厚度增加而呈现先下降后上升的趋势,实际生产中渣皮厚度应维持在30~60 mm之间;冷却水流速的增大会导致铜冷却壁本体应力值小幅上升,但可使挂渣稳定性增强;冷却水温的提升可小幅降低冷却壁本体应力,但会显著降低挂渣稳定性;镶砖热导率的提升和炉渣热膨胀系数的减小均有利于降低铜冷却壁本体应力并增强挂渣稳定性.     

高炉铸钢冷却壁热态实验研究

模拟高炉冷却壁的实际工作条件，进行1：1高炉铸钢冷却壁的热态实验，获得铸钢冷却壁的温度场分布．考察冷却水进水温度、水速以及炉气温度对铸钢冷却壁温度场的影响，分析了高炉冷却壁破损的主要原因．分析表明，降低水温以及提高冷却水水速都是不经济的．实验结果表明，铸钢冷却壁的性能优于球墨铸铁冷却壁，但与铜冷却壁相比还有较大差距．     

高炉冷却壁温度场分布与热流强度的关系

本文阐述了高炉冷却壁在稳定状态下的温度分布的数值解析方法，分析了热流程度对铜冷却壁和铸铁冷却壁最高温度的影响。比较了铜冷却壁与铸铁冷却壁的优劣。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to