非线性动力学体系的最优估计

本文讨论了非线性动力学体系的状态和参数估计问题。在化学反应中,已知x(t)和dx/dt的近似函数z_1(t)、z_2(t)时,可提出最优化问题。■,本文用动态规则的方法,得到dx/dt的最优估计,进而可以求出最优的状态函数;並对这一过程,给出了数值计算公式,进一步又提出了由最优化问题■估计状态参数α_1,α_2,…,α_p的方法。     

用电阻法研究金属玻璃Fe_(80)B_(20)的晶化和结构弛豫

用四端电位法测量了金属玻璃Fe_(80)B_(20)的电阻随温度变化,分别研究了在低温区的结构弛豫和高温区的等温退火过程晶化动力学.结构弛豫后,Δρ/ρ_0∞T~(-1),且电阻降落为0.5%R(r,t),晶化过程两个阶段的等温晶化转变激活能分别为3.0和1.0ev.     

Y_(41)Sc_(15)Al_(24)Co_(20)大块非晶合金的制备及其晶化动力学行为

利用铜模吸铸法制备直径为5 mm的Y41Sc15Al24Co20大块非晶合金,采用连续加热和等温加热方法对其晶化动力学行为进行研究.利用Kissinger方程得出该合金的晶化激活能为3.02 eV.用Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA)方程描述合金的等温晶化过程,在不同等温温度下计算得出Avrami指数大于3.0,合金的主要晶化过程为三维形核长大过程.在Arrhenius方程的基础上,得到合金的区域Avrami指数和阶段晶化激活能随晶化体积分数变化的关系曲线.     

pH值对电沉积法制备Ni-P非晶态合金镀层热稳定性的影响

本文研究了用不同pH值的镀液进行电学沉积时制备的Ni－P非晶态镀层，其镀层中磷的含量随pH增大的增大而减小，用差示扫描量热法（DSC）对各非晶态Ni－P镀层进行动力学分析，其晶化活化能数据表明，pH=6.50条件下制备的镀层较为稳定，它们的晶化机理可能为Avrami-Erofeev方程的核生成和核生长（n＝1），动力学方程为dx/dt=Ae^-E/RT(1-α）。     

高能球磨诱发Fe78Si13B9非晶合金纳米晶化的研究

利用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜研究了高能球磨条件下Fe78Si13B9非晶合金的机械诱发纳米晶化过程中的结构变化和晶化动力学,利用Scherer公式计算了晶化的α-Fe颗粒的平均直径D,在球磨3 h之后开始形成α-Fe相晶粒,D为2～10 nm.晶化动力学通过X射线衍射数据给出的晶化体积分数来分析.由经典的Johnson-Mehl-Avrami(JMA)模型得到Avrami指数n=1.53,表明机械诱发纳米晶化过程中其形核机制为均匀形核,晶粒生长机制为从小尺寸晶核开始的三维生长.     

微分方程系渐近等价关系的一个定理

讨论线性微分方程系(1)ax/dt=A(t)x A(t)对t≥0连续有界。对于实数λ,如果dx/dt=(A(t)-λE)x不具有指数型二分法,就称λ是系统(1)的谱点。其中,E为n阶单位方阵,n为向     

非晶Fe77.5Si8.5B14合金晶化动力学的非等温方法研究

利用非等温差示扫描热分析法(DSC)研究了非晶Fe77.5Si8.5B14合金的晶化动力学.不同升温速率的DSC曲线表明非晶Fe77.5Si8.5B14合金的晶化过程为两步晶化.通过对不同升温速率的DSC曲线的分析,计算了两个析晶峰的晶化表观激活能E1(388.2 kJ·mol-1)和E2(339.0 kJ·mol-1),以及两个析晶峰的Avrami指数n1(1.7)和n2(3.3).根据动力学参数分析了非晶Fe77.5Si8.5B14合金的析晶机理晶化峰1的成核类型为均匀成核,晶粒生长为扩散控制的一维生长和二维生长;晶化峰2为整体析晶,晶粒生长以界面控制的二维生长和三维生长为主.最后结合表观激活能计算了两个析晶反应的频率因子ν1(4.05×1025)和ν2(1.14×1021).     

Zr_(57.5)Cu_(27.3)Al_(8.5)Ni_(6.7)非晶合金的非等温和等温晶化动力学研究

对制备的Zr_(57.5)Cu_(27.3)Al_(8.5)Ni_(6.7)非晶合金的等温与非等温晶化动力学通过差式扫描量热法(DSC)进行了研究,根据Kisinger方程计算出Zr_(57.5)Cu_(27.3)Al_(8.5)Ni_(6.7)非晶合金在非等温条件下的激活能Eg,Ex,Ep1和Ep2,分别为409.70kJ/mol(±60.07kJ/mol),335.53kJ/mol(±39.94kJ/mol),323.95kJ/mol(±15.21kJ/mol)和187.75kJ/mol(±13.27kJ/mol).在718K,723K,728K和733K等温条件下得到的晶化体积分数与时间的关系曲线呈"S"型,表明晶化过程为典型的形核长大型转变.Avrami指数n的范围为3≤n≤4,表明晶化过程由界面控制的二维长大转变为界面控制的三维长大,形核率随时间逐渐降低至稳定,等温晶化过程得到的激活能平均值434.81kJ/mol,高于非等温晶化过程的有效激活能.     

n维欧氏空间中微分系统周期解不存在准则

在文正[1]中,针对二维空间讨论了dx/dt=P(x,y),dy/dt=Q(x,y)的周期解不存在的准则,在文[2]中,针对三维空间讨论了dx/dt=X(x,y,z),dy/dt=Y(x,y,z),dz/dt=Z(x,y,z)的周期解不存在的准则,本文将以上结果引用一些其它数学工具从而推广到n维欧氏空间中去。     

机械诱发非晶Finemet合金的纳米晶化

利用X射线衍射（XRD）研究了高能球磨条件下非晶Fe73．5Cu1NB3Si13．5b9合金的机械诱发纳米晶化过程，并根据化学成分偏聚、局域高压、局域高温以及Johnson-Mehl-Avrami（JMA）晶化动力学模型解释了纳米晶化的过程和机制．研究结果表明：非晶Fe73．5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9合金机械诱发纳米晶化的产物为复杂的α-Fe固溶体和稳定的Fe2B金属间化合物，α-Fe固溶体相晶粒尺寸为2．0-6．5nm，其纳米晶化过程和晶化产物是由化学成分富集、碰撞引起的局域高压和局域高温共同作用的结果；机械诱发纳米晶化过程中的Avrami指数n=1．59，动力学反应速率常数k=0．1287h^-1，表明机械诱发纳米晶化过程中形核机制为均匀形核，晶粒生长机制为从小尺寸晶核开始的三维生长．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to