下尿路梗阻对大鼠逼尿肌肌条自发性收缩影响的实验研究

观察下尿路梗阻对大鼠逼尿肌肌条自发性收缩的影响。建立Wistar大鼠膀胱下尿路梗阻动物模型 ,6周后行充盈性膀胱测压 ,根据有否逼尿肌不稳定 (逼尿肌稳定 )将膀胱下尿路梗阻动物分为逼尿肌不稳定组和逼尿肌稳定组 ,用拉力传感器检测离体逼尿肌肌条的自发性收缩的频率及收缩幅度。分别进行统计和分析。比较逼尿肌肌条自发性收缩频率及收缩幅度 ,证实逼尿肌不稳定组较逼尿肌稳定组及正常对照组明显增强 (P <0 0 5 ) ;正常对照组与逼尿肌稳定组之间无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;提示下尿路梗阻使逼尿肌自发性收缩的节律发生改变 ,是引起逼尿肌不稳定发生的一个重要因素。     

氯胺酮相关性膀胱炎大鼠逼尿肌热休克蛋白27的表达及其意义

研究热休克蛋白27(HSP27)在氯胺酮诱导膀胱炎大鼠逼尿肌中的表达及临床意义.基于氯胺酮腹腔内注射诱导大鼠膀胱炎模型,选择不同时间通过尿流动力学检测膀胱收缩功能,收集大鼠膀胱组织,常规病理染色观察膀胱粘膜及逼尿肌结构,免疫组化法检测HSP27在逼尿肌中的表达水平.实验后观察结果表明,同对照组相比,实验组尿动力学表现为膀胱收缩频率显著增加及初感膀胱容量明显减小;对照组膀胱组织无明显病理及免疫表达变化,而实验组可观察到不同程度膀胱粘膜充血,炎症细胞浸润,HSP27表达水平的上升,且HSP27表达水平与诱导时间呈正相关.实验结果表明HSP27的表达水平可能与氯胺酮膀胱炎的逼尿肌收缩活动程度相关.     

中风后小鱼际肌的诱发和自主表面肌电图研究（英文）

利用诱发和自主表面肌电研究在中风后偏瘫病人的小鱼际肌的生理变化.通过对11个受测者患侧和正常侧的对比,发现患侧肌肉的复合动作电位和运动单位个数索引略为降低.正常侧的小鱼际肌最大自主收缩肌电与复合动作电位的比值显著大于患侧,表明患侧肌肉的激活能力明显不足.相比传统的针电极检测,通过无创的表面肌电实现了对中风后运动单位变化的研究,以促进对中风后肌无力的理解与康复.     

苦物质引起去甲肾上腺素预收缩的大鼠主动脉平滑肌舒张的作用机理研究

为研究苦物质舒张预收缩的大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌的作用机制,以测定肌张力为主要手段,结合多种细胞信号通路阻断剂研究了苦物质的作用通路.结果表明:苦物质对于去甲肾上腺素介导的大鼠胸主动脉的收缩具有高效、快速的舒张作用,此舒张作用与IP3受体和L型钙通道的阻断密切相关.故以氯喹和苦精为代表的苦物质因对血管平滑肌具有良好的舒张作用,有望成为针对高血压等血管相关疾病的新的治疗药物.     

几种离子通道阻断剂对豚鼠离体小肠电活动与收缩活动的影响

本文报告离子通道阻断剂河豚毒素、四乙胺、异博定、硝普钠对豚鼠离体小肠电活动与收缩活动的影响。结果显示:河豚毒素、四乙胺、异博定、硝普钠均不同程度地抑制动作电位与肠肌张力,其中对动作电位的抑制作用是四乙胺>异博定>河豚毒素>硝普钠;对肠肌张力的抑制,在环行肌其抑制作用是河豚毒素>四乙胺>异博定>硝普钠,在纵行肌则是异博定>河豚毒素>硝普钠>四乙胺,这一结果提示:动作电位的形成与Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)的跨膜运动均有一定关系,而环肌与纵肌收缩反应的差异可能与肌细胞膜上离子通道的分布和敏感性不同有关。     

TURP术后排尿困难或尿潴留原因分析

目的:对TURP术后排尿困难或尿潴留的原因进行分析,同时探讨其预防和处理方法.方法:对21例TURP术后排尿困难或尿潴留患者的病因和处理进行分析.结果:尿道水肿4例;前列腺组织残留2例;前列腺增生复发7例;尿道狭窄2例;膀胱颈口瘢痕挛缩2例;膀胱逼尿肌收缩乏力4例.结论:TURP术后排尿困难或尿潴留的原因有尿道水肿、组织残留、前列腺增生复发、尿道狭窄、膀胱颈口瘢痕挛缩和膀胱逼尿肌收缩乏力等.提高手术技巧和术前尿动力学检查对避免发生术后排尿困难和预测疗效有重要意义.     

苦参总硷对猪心室肌动作电位的影响

用24只猪心研究了心室肌细胞电活动的特点及苦参总硷对心室肌动作电位的影响。用玻璃微电极记录的动作电位表明,在动作电位幅度、动作电位时间以及有效不应期等方面与其他哺乳动物的特点相似,只有dv/dt max较低。药物实验表明,苦参总硷能降低动作电位幅度及dV/dt max,能延长动作电位时间及有效不应期,这些作用与奎尼丁很相似。因此设想,苦参总硷抗心律失常的作用机制类似奎尼丁。苦参总硷中的有效成分是熔点低的生物硷,可能是苦参硷或苦参烯硷,而熔点高的氧化苦参硷及苦参醇硷对心室肌动作电位无明显作用。     

甲状旁腺素(PTH)对氯化钾引起大白鼠输精管收缩的舒张作用

本研究探讨甲状旁腺素(PTH)对输精管平滑肌的舒张作用及其机制。不同剂量的氯化钾(20、40、60mM)引起大白鼠输精管的收缩,同样可被牛型—PTH(1—34)或人型—PTH(1—34)所舒张,而且均呈现剂量的依从关系。异丙肾上腺素舒张输精管的作用可被心得安所阻滞,但心得安或酚妥拉明均不抑制甲状旁腺素舒张输精管的作用,提示甲状旁腺素和异丙肾上腺素对输精管的舒张作用是通过不同的受体实现的。不同剂量的氯化钙引起输精管不同张力强度的收缩,甲状旁腺素对这种外源性钙引起的收缩呈现明显的抑制作用,说明甲状旁腺素有减少钙离子进入平滑肌组织的作用。     

促性腺激素/类固醇激素对家兔小肠平滑肌功能的影响

研究促性腺激素及类固醇激素对家兔小肠平滑肌功能的影响.取家兔离体小肠平滑肌十二指肠、空肠、回肠的不同肠段,分别置于灌流肌槽中,连接张力传感器,信号输入BL-420E+生物技能实验系统,加入促性腺激素、类固醇激素,分别记录小肠平滑肌的收缩活动.结果表明,促性腺激素可以增大十二指肠和回肠的收缩活动力,减小空肠的收缩活动力;孕酮可以减小十二指肠和回肠的收缩活动力,增大空肠的收缩活动力;雌二醇可以增大十二指肠和空肠的收缩活动力,减小回肠的收缩活动力.不同类型的生殖激素都能够影响家兔小肠平滑肌的收缩功能,影响方式依赖于激素及肠段类型.     

枳实、青皮对平滑肌运动的影响

概述了枳实、青皮对平滑肌运动的影响及其作用机理的有关研究，枳实煎剂对胃肠、子宫平滑肌的作用及作用机理及平滑肌所处的机能状态有关；在体时呈兴奋作用，离体时呈抑制作用；枳实对胃肠平滑肌的兴奋作用是通过兴奋胆碱能途径及抑制神经纤维一氧化氮合成酶的活性实现的，其抑制作用是通过一氧化氮及肾上腺素能系统实现的，青皮煎剂影响胃肠、子宫、膀胱平滑肌的收缩活动，但因作用部位不同其作用及作用机理也不同，对胃平滑肌呈抑制作用，主要是由胆碱能M受体介导；对肠平滑肌（除回肠）呈抑制作用，主要是药物直接作用于平滑肌的结果；对子宫平滑肌、回肠纵行肌呈抑制作用，而对膀胱平滑肌却呈兴奋作用，上述效应均是通过肾上腺素能途径实现的。     

Myosin phosphorylation, agonist concentration and contraction of tracheal smooth muscle

Myosin phosphorylation plays an important part in excitation--contraction coupling in smooth muscle. Phosphorylation by a Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent kinase stimulates the actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity of smooth muscle myosin, suggesting that myosin phosphorylation regulates smooth muscle contraction. This hypothesis is supported by evidence that myosin is phosphorylated during contraction and dephosphorylated during relaxation of intact smooth muscles stimulated with a single agonist concentration. However, there is little information regarding the response to stimulation with various agonist concentrations. As the dose-response relationships for phosphorylation and tension should be similar if myosin phosphorylation does, in fact, regulate smooth muscle contraction, we studied myosin phosphorylation in tracheal smooth muscle stimulated with a broad range of concentrations of the cholinergic agonist, methacholine. The results of these experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that myosin phosphorylation regulates smooth muscle contraction but they indicate a relatively complex relationship between myosin phosphorylation and the generation of isometric tension.     

云南松松塔正丁醇提取物对大鼠离体子 宫平滑肌的影响

目的研究云南松松塔正丁醇提取物对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用。方法通过制备大鼠离体子宫标本,观察云南松松塔正丁醇提取物对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌自发收缩活动,催产素及乙酰胆碱诱发收缩活动的影响。结果云南松松塔正丁醇提取物可使正常大鼠自发收缩和催产素及乙酰胆碱诱发收缩的频率减慢、张力减小、活动力减弱。结论云南松松塔正丁醇提取物对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌的收缩活动具有抑制作用,其机制可能跟阻断催产素受体和M受体有关。     

牛蛙替代蟾蜍在生理教学实验中的应用研究

目的 比较牛蛙替代蟾蜍在生理学教学的实验效果,以探索这种实验动物替代的可行性。 方法 对牛蛙和 蟾蜍分别进行蛙心灌流实验和坐骨神经-腓肠肌刺激收缩实验。 结果 蛙心灌流实验中,牛蛙和蟾蜍离体心脏活 动在 Na+ 、Ca2+ 、K+ 、重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素( NA) 、氯化乙酰胆碱( Ach) 、乳酸( LA) 及碳酸氢钠( NaHCO3 ) 作用的影 响,变化整体趋势一致;坐骨神经-腓肠肌相关实验中,肌肉收缩最小时的刺激强度是 0. 1 V;0. 15 V 左右的刺激强 度可使肌肉收缩幅度达到最大值且保持不变;伴随着刺激逐渐增强,骨骼肌由开始的单收缩,转变为不完全强直收 缩,最后变为强直收缩。 受到刺激后,牛蛙与蟾蜍神经干动作电位传导速度分别 16. 6 m / s 和 13. 16 m / s。 牛蛙与蟾 蜍在上述实验中,结果均无显著性差异( P>0. 05) 。 结论 采用牛蛙替代蟾蜍开展生理学教学实验是切实可行的。     

Kinetics of smooth and skeletal muscle activation by laser pulse photolysis of caged inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) can stimulate skinned smooth and skeletal muscle to contract by initiating Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Whether this process is an integral component of the in vivo muscle activation mechanism was tested by releasing InsP3 rapidly within skinned muscle fibers of rabbit main pulmonary artery and frog semitendinosus. InsP3 was liberated on laser pulse photolysis of a photolabile but biologically inactive precursor of InsP3 termed caged InsP3. Caged InsP3 is a mixture of compounds in which InsP3 is esterified with 1(2-nitrophenyl)diazoethane (probably at the P4- or P5-position). Photochemical release of InsP3 induced a full contraction in both muscles at physiological free Mg2+ concentrations, but only in the smooth muscle were the InsP3 concentration (0.5 microM) and the activation rate compatible with the in vivo physiological response. Endogenous InsP3-specific phosphatase activity was present in smooth muscle and had about 35-fold greater activity than that in the skeletal-muscle preparation. Caged InsP3 was not susceptible to phosphatases in either preparation.     

川楝素对骨骼肌、平滑肌和心肌收缩的作用

川楝素能轻度可逆地增强箭毒化及去神经骨骼肌由直接刺激引起的收缩反应.当用Sr~(2+)代替溶液中的Ca~(2+)时,这种正肌力作用仍能出现.川楝素对豚鼠平滑肌的自发收缩亦有增强作用,但川楝素对大鼠心肌由直接电刺激引起的收缩反应则具有负肌力作用.     

Membrane currents that govern smooth muscle contraction in a ctenophore

Ctenophores are transparent marine organisms that swim by means of beating cilia; they are the simplest animals with individual muscle fibres. Predatory species, such as Beroe ovata, have particularly well-developed muscles and are capable of an elaborate feeding response. When Beroe contacts its prey, the mouth opens, the body shortens, the pharynx expands, the prey is engulfed and the lips then close tightly. How this sequence, which lasts 1 s, is accomplished is unclear. The muscles concerned are structurally uniform and are innervated at each end by a neuronal nerve net with no centre for coordination. Isolated muscle cells studied under voltage-clamp provide a solution to this puzzle. We find that different groups of muscle cells have different time-dependent membrane currents. Because muscle contraction depends upon calcium entry during each action potential, these different currents produce different patterns of contraction. We conclude that in a simple animal such as a ctenophore, a sophisticated set of membrane conductances can compensate for the absence of an elaborate system of effectors.     

Vasoregulation by the beta1 subunit of the calcium-activated potassium channel

Small arteries exhibit tone, a partially contracted state that is an important determinant of blood pressure. In arterial smooth muscle cells, intracellular calcium paradoxically controls both contraction and relaxation. The mechanisms by which calcium can differentially regulate diverse physiological responses within a single cell remain unresolved. Calcium-dependent relaxation is mediated by local calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These 'calcium sparks' activate calcium-dependent potassium (BK) channels comprised of alpha and beta1 subunits. Here we show that targeted deletion of the gene for the beta1 subunit leads to a decrease in the calcium sensitivity of BK channels, a reduction in functional coupling of calcium sparks to BK channel activation, and increases in arterial tone and blood pressure. The beta1 subunit of the BK channel, by tuning the channel's calcium sensitivity, is a key molecular component in translating calcium signals to the central physiological function of vasoregulation.     

Limitations in the use of actomyosin threads as model contractile systems

Recent studies have suggested that actomyosin threads may provide a useful model for studying the properties of contractile systems. The development of highly sensitive positional feedback transducers has enabled the properties of these threads to be measured reproducibly. Potential applications include such systems as ventricle, smooth muscle and non-muscle preparations, from which it is difficult to obtain suitable fibres for mechanical studies. In addition, studies with chemically modified myosins may provide new insights into the relationships between the biochemical and mechanical events in the cross-bridge cycle. However, there are indications that the mechanical properties of actomyosin threads differ from those of intact fibres in several important respects. For example, contraction velocity is proportional to isometric tension in threads, but is independent of filament density in intact fibres. We have now determined the force-velocity characteristics of actomyosin threads prepared from muscles with known differences in their physiological contraction velocities. No direct relationships could be found between the velocity characteristics of the threads and those of intact muscle. We conclude that the measured velocities of threads reflect properties of the actomyosins other than cross-bridge cycling times, thus severely limiting the usefulness of this technique for comparative purposes.     

A synthetic peptide that is a bombesin receptor antagonist

The tetradecapeptide bombesin was originally isolated from frog skin. Bombesin-like peptides have since been detected in mammalian gastrointestinal tract, brain and lung. These peptides have potent pharmacological effects on the central nervous system; they cause contraction of intestinal, uterine and urinary tract smooth muscle; and stimulate the release of other peptides including gastrin, cholecystokinin, motilin, pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin, insulin, enteroglucagon, prolactin and growth hormone. Specific plasma membrane receptors for bombesin have been demonstrated on pancreatic acinar cells, brain membranes and pituitary cells. Studies defining the physiological importance of bombesin have been impeded by the lack of a bombesin receptor antagonist. Here we describe experiments which demonstrate that a peptide originally described as a substance P receptor antagonist, [D-Arg, D-Pro, D-Trp, Leu ]substance P, is also a bombesin receptor antagonist. This peptide competitively inhibits the ability of bombesin to stimulate enzyme secretion from dispersed pancreatic acini, and also inhibits the action of other peptides that interact with the bombesin receptor.