铁和液体锡反应的动力学研究

基于单分子反应理论假设反应模型,研究260 ℃～350 ℃范围内铁与液态锡反应过程中锡的化学反应速率系数与扩散量等内容.结果表明,活化锡原子向基体内部的扩散量随时间按照公式a(1-e-bt)变化,当反应至一定时间,FeSn致密层达到一定厚度时,锡原子的扩散被阻止,单位面积的最大扩散量仅为很小的定值a,且随温度升高而增大.平均化学反应速率系数k1与逆反应速率系数k-1随温度增加而增加;不同时刻的化学反应速率系数k1,t、逆化学反应速率系数k-1,t随时间增加而减小.     

热压316L/Q345R复合板的结合性能

热轧双金属复合板由于其优良性质而得到广泛使用,而如何改善其结合性能也成为业界内的研究热点问题.本文尝试采用分子动力学模拟的方法对316L/Q345R双金属板的高温结合性能进行系统研究.在建立316L/Q345R体系的原子结构模型的基础上,使用MID模拟方法对316L/Q345R体系的热压复合过程进行模拟,其中采用嵌入原子势函数来描述Fe、Cr和Ni之间的相互作用.分析了不同温度与压缩应变率对热压复合变形机制以及扩散层厚度的影响,并探讨了添加金属层对界面结合性能的改善效果.研究表明:温度的提高有利于形成较厚的扩散层,当双金属热压复合温度接近熔点时,此时在双金属复合界面获得的扩散层厚度远大于在较低温度复合时的扩散层厚度;应变率的提高会降低扩散层厚度,这主要因为在达到相同的压缩应变时,随着应变率增大和压缩时间缩短,原子的扩散时间缩短;在双金属之间添加一个晶格厚度的Ni层后,复合界面扩散层厚度比不含Ni复合时增加了134.5％,表明添加镍层能够明显提高扩散层厚度,但添加铬层对提高扩散层厚度的影响不大.     

关于RLA模型微观的计算机模拟

以扩散理论为基础,建立以"基本微观过程"为核心的新模型.引入交换比的概念,对存在表面活化剂时薄膜生长的微观过程用Kinetic Monte Carlo方法进行计算机模拟.模拟发现,活化层原子和沉积原子都会发生跨层间的扩散.跨层扩散主要是单个原子的扩散,层问扩散的原子数目随着温度的升高或沉积厚度的增加而增多.RLA模型中的"交换作用"只是若干个"基本微观过程"的组合,大多数交换不是位置的"完全交换",交换比也并非恒为1.     

高分子环行链在界面上吸附的Monte Carlo模拟

用Monte Carlo方法模拟了高分子环形链在界面上的吸附情况,得到不同吸附层里的构象数量(最大链长为N=19)和链原子数量(最大链长为N=13).计算了均方根吸附层厚度和平均吸附层厚度,研究表明,在同一吸附层里,其构象数量和链原子数量均随链长的增加呈增大趋势;链长一定时,随着吸附层递增,所含链原子数量呈递减趋势;均方根吸附层厚度和平均吸附层厚度均随链长的增加呈增大趋势.     

铂扩散工艺对硅快恢复二极管特性的影响

采用直拉单晶硅片代替成本较高的外延硅片,采取铂扩散的方法引入复合中心,从而控制少子寿命以减少快恢复二极管的反向恢复时间.通过大量实验研究了铂扩散二极管的特性,表明在扩散时间一定的条件下,随着铂扩散温度的升高,反向恢复时间TRR呈线性下降趋势;并且相同扩散温度条件下,电阻率越小的样品TRR值越小.随着铂扩散时间的增加,TRR值逐渐减小.分析了TRR以及正向压降VF的温度特性,表明随着工作温度的升高,TRR呈上升趋势,而VF随温度的升高而下降.     

受限空间圆管表面结霜特性及换热性能实验研究

为了优化换热器结构以提高其除霜性能,通过水平圆管结霜可视化实验台对受限空间内结霜过程进行了实验研究,分析了霜层厚度沿管长方向的生长规律、结霜量和热流量随时间的变化规律,以及湿空气初始流速、温度、相对湿度和管壁温度等因素对圆管表面结霜量和热流量的影响。实验结果表明:结霜初期,霜层厚度沿管长方向逐渐升高;之后,圆管中部的霜层最厚,靠近入口的霜层厚度最小;融霜最先发生于空气流道出口处;结霜量随时间延长呈现增长趋势,而热流量呈现先增大后减小的趋势;较高的湿空气流速、湿空气温度、相对湿度和较低的壁面温度对应较大的结霜量和热流量,其中管壁温度对结霜量和热流量影响相对较小。实验所获得的结霜特性与换热规律对换热器设计具有一定的参考价值。     

SiC_f/C/Ti-6Al-4V复合材料界面特性研究

采用扫描电镜分析了制备态及热暴露条件下国产涂碳SiC纤维增强Ti-6Al-4V复合材料的界面特性。研究发现,C涂层可以有效阻止Si元素向界面反应层或基体扩散,界面反应层厚度随热暴露时间的延长不断增加,但界面层厚度的不均匀性先增加后减小,在900℃/40 h热暴露后界面反应层厚度不均匀性最大呈现明显的锯齿状。     

成膜条件对聚氨酯微孔膜性能的影响

采用单因素的分析方法研究质量分数、预干燥时间、涂层厚度、凝固浴温度等成膜参数与以N，N二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）为溶剂的溶剂型聚氨酯（PU）的成膜性能，包括薄膜的孔隙率、厚度、透湿性能（WVP）的关系．结果表明，随PU质量分数的增大，膜厚度与平方米质量都在增加且趋势相似，而膜的孔隙率和透湿量呈下降趋势；薄膜厚度随涂层厚度的增加而线性增加；凝固浴温度升高的过程中，透湿量波动明显；随预干燥时间的延长，透湿量缓步下降．     

38 CrMoAl钢真空电磁感应快速渗氮动力学研究

为提高渗氮速率,明确氮化动力学机制,采用真空电磁感应渗氮技术研究38 CrMoAl钢在NH_3介质下的渗氮动力学过程。以显微硬度值550 HV_(0.025)对应的深度作为渗氮层评价指标,通过一种新的气固反应动力学模型对38 CrMoAl钢在温度为530～590℃范围内氮渗氮动力学行为进行研究。结果表明:38 CrMoAl钢在530～590℃范围内的真空电磁感应渗氮过程主要是受内扩散所控制,表观活化能E为76.736 kJ/mol。通过模型预测了各因素(活性氮浓度、温度、目标渗氮厚度等)对其渗氮反应分数ξ、特征时间t_c和转化速率dξ/dt的影响规律,发现增加活性氮浓度和反应温度均能提高渗氮转化过程中的反应分数和反应速率,其中温度的影响比浓度大;随着目标渗氮厚度的增加,反应所需的特征时间迅速增加;转化速率在不同条件下均随时间的增加而急剧降低。     

用铝合金中间层连接Si_3N_4和低碳钢

利用Thermorestor-W焊接热模拟试验机,采用适当的焊接参数和工艺,能够用铝合金中间层固相扩散连接Si_3N_4和低碳钢。在连接温度下,铝合金Si_3N_4进入孔洞中形成机械连接,而铝合金与Si_3N_4连接的主要机理是铝与Si_3N_4发生固相反应生成AlN。当温度大于530℃时,铝合金/Si_3N_4界面Al,Si扩散层厚度基本上不随温度升高而变化。Si_3N_4/铝合金/低碳钢接头的剪切强度取决于铝合金/钢界面强度,且随扩散连接温度上升而增加。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-