La0.7Pb0.3MnO3材料的低频内耗与电磁输运性能

用低频扭摆法在多功能内耗仪上测量了巨磁电阻材料La0.7Pb0.3MnO3(LPMO)的温度内耗谱,所用频率为0.1,0.3,1.0Hz,温度从130～360K.实验结果表明在该材料的居里温度255K附近有一内耗峰并对应有模量软化.通过改变测量频率,发现内耗峰的峰位和模量的下降与频率无关,但改变频率时,其模量软化及内耗峰高度都有所改变,这与热激活型弛豫内耗峰明显不同.结合该材料的交流磁化率和零场电阻R(T)随温度变化的测量结果,表明该内耗峰是由于顺磁到铁磁相变中产生的磁熵所致,而模量的软化则表明伴随着顺磁到铁磁转变的过程,LPMO材料发生了Jahn-Teller晶格畸变.另外我们还研究了LPmO材料在O2气氛中经900℃,2h退火后,电磁输运性能和内耗的变化情况.结果表明,经在O2气氛中退火后的材料,其零场下电阻峰R(T)和交流磁化率曲线右移,居里温度Tc为272K,对应的内耗峰也向高温移动,这是因为氧含量的增加会产生等量的阳离子空位,使Mn4+/Mn3+比率增加,导致了Tc和TMI增高.     

La0.85Te0.15MnO3的电磁输运性质及其内耗的研究

研究了La0.85Te0.15MnO3的电磁输运行为及其内耗。其磁化强度随温度的变化曲线经历了一个从顺磁到铁磁的转变,其电阻率随温度变化曲线出现了2个转变峰,其中高温峰在居里温度TC对应于顺磁到铁磁的磁转变。在金属到绝缘转变区域出现了内耗峰,并且模量也出现了变化。     

聚醋酸乙烯酯熔体的力学谱

利用液态内耗仪研究了聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)在其玻璃化转变温度（Tg）及其以上温度区域的力学弛豫行为.结果表明：PVAc内耗与温度的关系曲线上存在α和α′ 2个弛豫型内耗峰，α峰与PVAc的玻璃化转变有关，α′峰则对应于一种液/液转变，且两者的弛豫时间均满足Vogel Fulcher Tamman关系；在PVAc熔体内耗与频率的关系曲线上，交叉温度TB≈387 K处的α′峰的弛豫时间、弛豫强度和分布参数均出现了一个转折，这是由于降温过程中TB至Tg之间分子耦合作用显著增强的结果.     

热弹性马氏体相变的内耗双峰现象

采用不完全马氏体相变法在0.01～10Hz范围内对CuAlNiMnTi多晶合金原位测量了内耗(IF)和相对动力学模量(RDM)。首次发现在完全马氏体相变中产生的单一相变内耗峰实质上是由两个不同的相变内耗峰叠加而成的,其中高温内耗峰(PH)对应于RDM的快速上升处(拐点),而低温内耗峰(PL)对应于RDM的最小值,峰位均与频率无关,因此属于相变内耗峰。     

弛豫铁电体铌镁酸铅/钛酸铅陶瓷的内耗及其界面动力学性能

采用动态力学分析仪研究了弛豫铁电体铌镁酸铅/钛酸铅（PMN-15PT）陶瓷在室温附近的内耗峰随振幅、频率及升温速率变化的规律，并用界面动力学模型分析了PMN-15PT中极化微区的界面动力学特性.结果表明，PMN-15PT的内耗峰与其极化微区的界面运动有关.界面动力学模型能够描述PMN 15PT内耗峰的升温速率及其频率效应，所对应的界面为具有较小回复系数的软界面，且与其他微米级材料的硬界面有所不同.     

Ni-Al系合金中的逆马氏体相变

采用多功能内耗仪测量室温至400 °C过程中，油淬Ni 36Al二元合金以及Ni27Al-12Fe、Ni-21.2Al-20Fe和Ni-24Al-16Fe三元合金的内耗和相对动力学模量，并采用X射线衍射仪分析了合金的相组成.结果表明：油淬Ni-36Al合金具有完全马氏体结构，油淬Ni-21.2Al-20Fe合金中含少量马氏体和大量类似Ni3Al和Ni5Al3的金属间化合物；在相同的频率和升温速率条件下，油淬Ni-21.2Al-20Fe的内耗峰最高且最窄，其内耗峰所对应的温度最低，油淬Ni-36Al的内耗峰最低且最宽，其内耗峰所对应的温度最高，并随Fe含量的增加而降低，且与其当量Al（Aleq）含量有关；内耗峰高度与单位时间内马氏体（L10）转变为奥氏体（γ）的转变量有关，而总的转变量与转变时间（峰宽）有关.     

非晶态合金Pd_77.5Ag_6.0Si_16.5的玻璃转变和晶化的研究

用倒扭摆和DSC研究了非晶态合金Pd_77.5Ag6.0Si16.5的玻璃转变和晶化过程.在玻璃转变Tg附近出现1个内耗峰,具有可逆性和重复性的特征.在晶化过程中发现3个内耗峰,峰温附近切变模量发生软化.DSC分析发现3个放热峰分别与3个内耗峰对应,晶化激活能E_1=3.94eV,E_2=2.89eV,E_3=3.43eV,表示晶化有3个结构转变阶段.a—Pd77.5Ag_(6.0)St_(16.5)中由于Ag的掺入,提高了稳定性.     

热弹性马氏体相变中的低温内耗峰

采用不完全相变内耗测量法,在Cu-Al-Ni-Mn-Ti合金马氏体相变中获得双内耗峰,即低温内耗峰和高温内耗峰.低温内耗峰位置对应于相对动力学模量的最小值,因此可以认为这个峰起因于模量软化效应;低温内耗峰的最大值与变温速率间呈现出很强的非线性关系,并随着变温速率增大逐渐趋于稳定,说明它的形成与时间有关.     

不同一级相变材料的内耗峰形成机制

试验研究了3种一级相变材料的相变过程,即非晶PdNiCuP的晶化与无序和有序型相变、形状记忆合金Cu 11.9Al 2.5Mn的无扩散位移型相变以及共析合金Zn 22Al的共析相变,设计并测量了3种材料的电阻和内耗,并采用插值法获得不同温度下内耗与频率的关系曲线.结果表明,3种材料的相变内耗峰不是弛豫型内耗峰,而是弛豫参数发生突变的结果,相变内耗峰高度与频率的关系是弛豫的表现.在低温区域,观测到其相变内耗峰的结构弛豫现象,并可用结构失稳和结构弛豫的概念定性解释升温速率对相变内耗峰高度的影响.     

La2Cu1-xZnxO4+δ低频内耗研究

对La2Cu1-xZnxO4+δ(0≤x≤0.2)系列样品的低频内耗和模量进行了研究.发现0≤x≤0.005时样品在低温存在两个弛豫内耗峰,分别是由样品中两种状态的额外氧跳跃弛豫引起的;当0.05≤x≤0.2时样品只存在一个内耗峰,该内耗峰可归于由共价氧对的额外氧跳跃引起,其峰位随掺杂量的增加向高温移动.不同掺杂量样品的模量曲线揭示高温处的模量反常对应着体系的正交-四方结构转变;此相变发生的温度随掺杂量的增加向高温移动.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the