一个关于白矮星力学平衡的新理论

将一个新理论——正、负能谱(PNES)热力学理论应用于白矮星系统的力学平衡问题，对白矮星初期淡化阶段的力学平衡进行了详细的分析．虽然应用PNES热力学理论所得出的结论与原有的理论结果一致．但是PNES理论的基本原理和思路与原有的理论完全不同，按照原有理论，白矮星系统只是一种电子系统，氮离子系统只被视为约束电子系统的外部约束条件．显然原有理论不能反映白矮星的实际状态，因为白矮星并不是一个电子系统而是一个由电子子系和氯离子子系组成的复合系统．因此，对白矮星的力学平衡问题和演化问题都必须以由电子子系和氮离子子系组成的复合系统来进行研究．本文应用这一新理论(PNES热力学理论)，以复合系统的观点研究了白矮的力学平衡问题．     

催化反应精馏研究中的若干问题(Ⅱ)过程的设计和数学模拟

反应精馏过程设计不同于常规精馏 ,利用变换组成变量 ,可借助常规精馏设计类似的方法简化设计反应精馏过程 对于平衡化学反应和速率较慢的两种类型反应 ,设计方法一般不同 前者 ,平衡化学反应对相平衡有较大影响 ;而后者 ,由于反应速率较慢 ,塔板上 (或塔内 )持液量对反应有较大影响 数学模拟可预测反应精馏过程的操作状况 平衡级模型由于简单 ,对它的研究起步较早、也较深入 非平衡级模型可以较精确地模拟板式塔及填料塔的反应精馏过程     

XCOOH(X=F,Cl,Br)热分解反应的理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法,在6 311 G 基组水平上,计算了反应XCOOH(X=F,Cl,Br)HX CO2.优化了反应物 中间体 过渡态和产物的几何构型,并用频率分析和内禀坐标法(IRC)验证了各鞍点构型和反应路径,计算了不同温度(200 15～450 15K)下慢反应经零点能校正的活化热力学量、反应过程热力学改变量、正逆反应的速率常数和频率因子以及平衡常数,得到了各反应的动力学信息.     

相转移催化烷基化制备叔胺的研究

在胺与卤代烷产生的烷基化反应中,生成的胺盐与胺之间存在着质子转移平衡,所得产物为复杂的混合物,用此法制备叔胺产率较低。相转移催化为一新的实验方法,它能改变许多传统化学反应的进程。本文研究了选用适当的相转移催化剂参与由胺与卤化烷制备叔胺的反应,并对某些反应条件进行了探索,找到了影响叔胺产率的因素。     

关于用气体还原剂CO还原铁氧化物的最低还原剂过量倍数n值

用 CO 还原 FexOy(主要是指 FeO 和 Fe_3O_4),是高炉炼铁的主要化学反应之一。人们用间接还原度 r_c。来衡量这个反应的发展程度,它的大小直接关系着高炉能耗的高低。因为与直接还原相比,间接还原的缺点是还原剂耗量较大:基于 FexOy CO 反应的热力学平衡,还原剂 CO 并不能被完全利用,剩余的 CO 与还原生成的 CO_2组成平衡气相。所谓还原剂过量倍数 n 是指总的还原剂供给量相当于已被利用的 CO 的倍数,它的倒数则     

1,3-二(4-甲酰氯苯甲酰基)苯的合成与表征

以甲苯和间苯二甲酰氯(IPC)为原料,经傅-克酰基化反应,合成1,3-二(4-甲基苯甲酰基)苯(DMBB),产率85%;将DMBB在KMnO4/吡啶/水体系中氧化合成中间体1,3-二(4-羧基苯甲酰基)苯(DMBA),产率96%;DMBA和氯化亚砜反应以91%的产率合成一种新型的芳二酰氯--1,3-二(4-甲酰氯苯甲酰基)苯(DMBC),三步总收率为74%.产物结构经FT-IR、1H NMR、元素分析等技术表征确认,DSC分析表明目标产物具有较高的纯度.     

La(Ⅲ)对Bal31核酸酶活性的影响

探讨了Bal31核酸酶在无Ca(Ⅱ)体系中能否依赖稀土离子La(Ⅲ)从两端降解线性DNA分子.发现了 1 mmol/L 的La(Ⅲ)能激活Bal31核酸酶, 从而快速酶解线性DNA.表明了Ca(Ⅱ)并不是文献中所说的唯一能激活Bal31核酸酶的离子. 用液相色谱(HPLC)分别检测Ca(Ⅱ)、La(Ⅲ)体系的酶解产物,结果表明:虽然后者酶解CG 碱基对的速率只约为前者的60%.但两体系对AT碱基对的酶解速度相近.     

蒙日和高斯微分几何思想的比较研究

目的系统探讨和分析蒙日几何学派和高斯几何学派的微分几何思想。方法历史分析、比较研究和文献考证。结果曲面可以用立体的边界与孤立的二维薄膜两种方式验证。前者是制图工程师看待曲面的方式,属于蒙日几何学派的观点;后者是测地员考虑方式,属于高斯几何学派的观点。结论蒙日几何学派和高斯几何学派相辅相成,推动了微分几何的发展。     

二甲醚自热重整制氢过程的热力学分析

对二甲醚自热重整制氢体系进行了热力学计算和分析,探讨了反应体系的理论最大能效以及达到热力学平衡时产物等的变化情况,分析了水醚摩尔比、氧醚摩尔比、反应温度等因素对体系平衡组成的影响.分析发现,固定水醚摩尔比时,二甲醚自热重整理论完全反应可在某一氧醚摩尔比下达到自热平衡点,此时反应能量效率最高;重整反应在水醚摩尔比为2.0～4.0、氧醚摩尔比为0.4～0.5以及温度为150～350℃的条件下,产物中氢气摩尔分数高于50%,氢气产率高于80%,产物中一氧化碳摩尔分数低于5%,反应理论最大能效高于85%.     

一步室温固相化学反应法合成CuO纳米粉体

研究了以CuSO4·5H2 O ,CuCl2 ·2H2 O ,Cu(NO3) 2 ·3H2 O ,Cu(gly) 2 ·H2 O与NaOH为反应物 ,用一步室温固相化学反应合成CuO纳米粉体的 4个反应体系 ,用透射电镜 (TEM)和X射线衍射 (XRD)对产物进行表征 .表明产物CuO(Ⅱ )化合物与NaOH经室温固相化学反应得到单斜晶纳米CuO .另还从研磨方式、反应配比及反应体系等方面对影响产物粒径大小及分散性的因素进行了探讨     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.