ERP comparison of emotional activity between emotion-facilitation and emotion-interference children

A subliminal emotional Stroop experiment was carried out on 24 5-year-old children with event-related potential (ERP) recording. The children were separated into emotion-facilitation (EF) and emotion-interference (EI) groups based on their behavioral reaction times in emotional and neutral conditions. ERP result of these two groups showed different brain mechanisms of emotional related processing. When processing the emotional stimuli (negative or positive emotional facial pictures), the EI group activated more at the early stage of cognitive processing which was shown as an increase of P2 amplitude, while the lack of resources at the late stage of processing caused less activation which was shown as a decrease of N4 amplitude. The EF group had a reversed processing pattern as the EI group. For all groups of children, the left hemisphere was more sensitive to emotional processing. Furthermore, the positive and negative emotional information showed a similar pattern in the emotional and cognitive processing.     

冥想加工性别差异的神经机制 ——来自ERP的证据

采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术,记录52名大学生被试在听(正性和负性)冥想指导语的脑电波, 探索冥想加工过程的神经机制与性别差异. 以固定频率的声音作为线索诱发N2和P3成分,这2个成分作为探究刺激差异和注意力资源调配的标记分别在160 ms和240 ms的时间上观察到. 结果表明:在正性冥想条件下,在前额叶皮层(PFC)中观察到的N160波幅更大,而在负性冥想条件下,P240波幅减小;在负性冥想条件下,表现出明显的性别的差异,主要是情绪偏侧化加工更加明显,男性在N160左额叶波幅显著大于右额叶,女性在P240右额叶波幅显著大于左额叶. 结果为冥想的作用存在性别差异进一步提供神经生理方面的证据.     

Effects of negative emotion and its correlated neural activity on secretory immunoglobulin A

In this study, we investigated how the negative emotional arousal induced by watching a number of unpleasant images altered the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A （SlgA） in saliva. Although our results found discrepancies among participants＇ SIgA concentration （i.e. some participants＇ SlgA decreased after watching unpleasant pictures, whereas others increased）, further analysis revealed correlations among participants＇ changes in SIgA concentration, their general coping styles and their actual strategies for emotion regulation when perceiving unpleasant pictures, and the event-related potentials （ERPs） associated with viewing unpleasant pictures. The participants whose SIgA increased after watching unpleasant pictures （the ＂Increasers＂） had higher positive coping scores in the Trait Coping Styles Questionnaire （TCSQ） than those whose SIgA decreased （the ＂Decreasers＂）. Also, relative to the ＂Decreasers＂, the ＂Increasers＂ tended to use more emotion regulation strategies, particularly with extremely negative pictures. The amplitude of their late positive potentials （LPPs） exhibited a reverse dissociation pattern for extremely negative pictures versus least negative ones and was related to the cognitive evaluation of the stimuli＇s meaning. In sum, this research revealed the psychological mechanisms by which negative emotional states influence the immune system and the related ERP changes.     

儿童Stroop效应加工阶段特点的事件相关电位研究

选用小学六年级儿童为被试者,采用事件相关电位研究了Stroop效应的时间进程。实验中要求被试者判断在计算机屏幕中央出现的汉字颜色,并尽可能又快又准地按下相应的键,同时使用32导电极帽记录被试者的脑电信号。结果除了发现反应时的Stroop效应;还发现在汉字出现后大约300 ms左右,颜色与语义不一致的汉字诱发的P300比其它两种条件的波幅要大、潜伏期要晚;在汉字出现大约400 ms之后引发了一个慢波,不一致条件和控制条件引起的慢波波幅在头皮顶部比一致条件大。结果说明儿童Stroop效应的产生是一个复杂过程,干扰效应是早期颜色识别和后期反应选择两个阶段共同作用的结果,而促进效应则发生在后期的反应选择阶段。     

脑损伤后综合征患者脑CT与事件相关电位的研究

探讨脑损伤后综合征患者的事件相关、脑CT和认知功能。应用听觉oddball序列刺激的事件相关电位方法对脑损伤后综合征患者30例（病人组）,健康人30例（对照组）进行比较。病人组较对照组P3潜伏期延长,波幅降低,经统计学处理有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。病人组脑CT检查有病灶者P3潜伏期延长,波幅降低更显著。事件相关电位检测和头频CT对研究损伤后综合征患者的认知功能变化有重要作用。     

感情色彩双字词内隐加工的ERP研究

以汉语情感词系统中的汉语双字词作实验材料,记录20名大学生在执行情绪词汇判定任务时的事件相关电位(ERP), 初步探讨被试对汉语感情色彩双字词进行内隐加工时的脑内时程动态变化.结果显示:正性词或负性词诱发的ERP波幅比中性词诱发的ERP波幅大,而正性词与负性词诱发的ERP波幅之间差异不显著.正性词和负性词诱发的晚正成分(LPC)都是左半球大于右半球,右半球优势和愉悦度优势均不明显.研究结果提供了感情色彩双字词内隐加工的情绪效应及其优势半球的电生理学证据.     

老年人和青年人的共情差异——积极与消极情绪的分离

结合自评问卷和行为任务两种测量方式,比较老年人与青年人的共情差异。研究1采用人际反应指数量表(IRI),以280名老年人和304名青年人为研究对象,探究两个年龄组被试基于自评问卷的共情差异。研究2使用多维共情测试(MET),以71名老年人和74名青年人为研究对象,进一步比较两个年龄组被试基于行为任务的共情差异。研究结果显示:1)与青年人相比,无论是基于自评问卷还是行为任务,老年人的认知共情均显著下降;2)与青年人相比,老年人对消极情绪的情绪共情显著下降,但对积极情绪的情绪共情无显著变化;3)老年人对积极情绪的情绪共情显著高于消极情绪,青年人对这两种效价情绪的认知共情和情绪共情均无显著差异。结果表明,从青年期到老年期,对积极情绪和消极情绪的共情能力存在分离性的发展特征。     

生产性噪声对工作人员脑认知影响的ERP分析

为工业企业听力保护计划制定、人机工程学设计及劳动者烦恼度缓解等提供客观的生理依据,分析了生产性噪声对工作人员脑认知的影响.采集自愿者在90 d B(A)的稳态机械性噪声刺激以及安静状态下的脑电信号,建立事件相关脑电位ERP中N1(N100)波的幅值脑地形图及P2(P200)波幅值的脑地形图,对ERP信号进行时频分析.结果表明噪声刺激与静音状态相比,ERP在N1波的幅值明显减少,而在P2波幅值变化呈相反趋势明显增加.噪声刺激下被试额区导联的N1幅值显著减小,P2幅值显著增加,表明高声压级生产性噪声导致被试烦躁、注意力分散,并干扰了认知能力.     

中小学教师情绪智力与教学效能感的关系研究——以北京市朝阳区为例

通过问卷调查的方式考察了北京市朝阳区596名中小学教师的情绪智力和教学效能感情况。研究结果发现:(1)朝阳区中小学教师的情绪智力处于较高水平;(2)朝阳区中小学教师的教学效能感呈现中等偏上水平,其中个人教学效能感要高于一般教学效能感;(3)教师年龄、教龄、学校类型与教师情绪智力有关,性别、学段与情绪智力无关,年龄、教龄、是否担任班主任、学历与教师个人教学效能感有关,性别、学段、学校类型与教师教学效能感无关;(4)教师情绪知觉、情绪理解、情绪管理与个人教学效能感呈现显著的正相关,教师情绪理解和情绪管理能够正向预测教师个人教学效能感(解释率为31.4%)。     

An event-related potential study of working memory in children

Working memory refers to temporary storage and manipulation of “on-line” information in the brain,which is central to a large range of cognitive capabili- ties[1]. Visual working memory involves processes such as maintaining, updating and manipulating b…     

电化学联用技术降解活性蓝19染料的研究

采用活性炭纤维(ACF)阴极电芬顿和Ti/RuO_2-IrO_2(DSA)阳极间接氧化联用技术(EF-IE)对活性蓝19(RB19)染料废水进行降解研究,考察了不同反应条件对EF-IE联用技术处理RB19染料废水降解过程动力学的影响,并采用响应面优化法对运行条件进行优化。结果显示,当采用ACF+DSA时,RB19降解效果最好,降解过程符合准一级反应动力学模型;实验最佳条件是Fe~(2+)浓度0.92mmol/L,Cl-浓度12.14mmol/L,电流密度19.38mA/cm2。EI-IE联用技术是处理RB19的一种有效方法,通过响应面模型的研究,可以对EI-IE联用技术是处理RB19的结果进行预测。     

Eye movements study on overt attention orienting in children with learning disabilities

To extend the ecological validity of previous studies which focused on covert attention orienting by permitting participants to make eye movements to investigate the overt attention in learning disability (LD) groups and control groups, a cue-validity effect was hypothesized, with a general pattern of slower responses in the LD groups compared to the control groups. The classic cue-target paradigm was employed to examine the overt visual attention orienting in LD and control groups. Endogenous cue-validity was found both in the LD groups and control groups of grade 3 and grade 6, with different magnitude, and it was the weakest in the LD group of grade 6; under shortest SOA, no exogenous cue-validity was found in grade 3, regardless of groups; when SOA was increased, the exogenous cue-validity was stable in all groups, with the weakest effect in LD group of grade 6. LD children who have attention deficit may partly come from ineffective use of the cued information, a generally slow cognitive processing speed, and a lack of proper cognitive strategies.     

Eye movements study on overt attention orienting in children with learning disabilities

To extend the ecological validity of previous studies which focused on covert attention orienting by permitting participants to make eye movements to investigate the overt attention in learning disability (LD) groups and control groups, a cue-validity effect was hypothesized, with a general pattern of slower responses in the LD groups compared to the control groups. The classic cue-target paradigm was employed to examine the overt visual attention orienting in LD and control groups. Endogenous cue-validity was found both in the LD groups and control groups of grade 3 and grade 6, with different magnitude, and it was the weakest in the LD group of grade 6; under shortest SOA, no exogenous cue-validity was found in grade 3, regardless of groups; when SOA was increased, the exogenous cue-validity was stable in all groups, with the weakest effect in LD group of grade 6. LD children who have attention deficit may partly come from ineffective use of the cued information, a generally slow cognitive processing speed, and a lack of proper cognitive strategies.     

学优生和学困生父母教养方式、自我概念的对比研究

目的：比较研究学优生和学困生父母教养方式、自我概念的差异及其及其父母教养方式、自我概念的关系。方法：运用自我描述问卷（SDQ-II）和父母教养方式问卷（EMBU）对158名初中生（学优生76名,学困生82名）进行调查。结果：（1）学优生较之学困生,父母更多的采用积极的教养方式,给予更多的情感温暖、理解,较少运用拒绝否认和惩罚严厉等消极的教养方式;（2）在自我概念各因子上,学优生与学困生存在显著差异（除言语、外貌、体能外）,具有更加积极的自我概念;（3）父母积极地教养方式与子女的自我概念呈显著正相关（p〈0.001）,而消极的教养方式与其呈显著负相关（p〈0.001）。结论：（1）学优生和学困生在父母教养方式、自我概念上存在显著差异;（2）父母教养方式与自我概念密切相关。     

大鼠急性脊髓损伤后肝癌衍生生长因子的表达

目的:观察大鼠受损伤脊髓组织中肝癌衍生生长因子(Hepatoma-derived growthfactor,HDGF)表达的变化.方法:将40只成年大白鼠随机分成对照组(A组)和脊髓损伤组(B组),每组20只.脊髓损伤组采用改良的Allen’s打靶法制备,并于术后24 h处死大鼠,取损伤脊髓节段进行免疫组织化学染色.观察HDGF在正常对照组以及脊髓损伤后表达情况.以表达指数作为统计学指标,采用X2检验分析各组间的变化.结果:HDGF主要表达在神经细胞核中.15例损伤脊髓标本表现为HDGF表达指数为Ⅱ组,对照组中表达指数为Ⅱ组仅4只(P<0.05).结论:HDGF高表达于损伤脊髓组织中,提示HDGF可能参与脊髓损伤的修复.     

Differences of relevance in implicit and explicit memory tests: An ERP study

An ERP study was conducted to explore the differences between other-relevant words and possessor-relevant words in implicit and explicit memory tests. The results show that other-relevant words are associated with a more negative ERP than possessor-relevant words during 300--900 ms whether in the implicit or the explicit memory tests. The N400 effect is also found in semantic processing of social materials. There is an ERP dissociation of retrieval formats between the implicit and the explicit memory tests during 700--900 ms, namely, there is no difference between other-relevant words and possessor-relevant words in the implicit memory while there is a significant difference between them in the explicit memory. Observed through Curry 6.0, the analysis of neural sources for other-relevant words and possessor-relevant words indicates that they have different locations. At 400 ms, activity is found in the left precuneus during possessor-relevant words processing. Both the right and the left precuneus are activated during other-relevant words processing. However, at 600 ms their location is both in the left precuneus. In a word, our results show that there exists a cognitive difference between other-relevant words and possessor-relevant words, and other-relevant words closely related to the percipient himself/herself are strongly responded to, which reflects that there is a bigger attention bias to the stimuli concerning the percipient himself/herself than to processor-relevant words.     

自我聚焦对社交焦虑个体外部注意与状态焦虑的作用——来自眼动与生理指标的证据

为模拟真实的社会化场景,探究自我聚焦如何影响社交焦虑个体对外部社交反馈信息的注意与状态焦虑,采用演讲与自由观看任务, 105名被试在实验室中面对屏幕进行即兴演讲,同时自由观看提前录制的包含12位听众的录像,听众分别表现出正性、中性和负性的反馈。研究中操纵被试的自我聚焦(高自我聚焦条件或低自我聚焦条件),采用眼动仪测量被试在演讲中对正性、中性和负性反馈的注意,并使用生理仪测量皮肤电和心率。结果显示,自我聚焦在整体上减少了高、低社交焦虑组对外部社交反馈信息的注意,高、低社交焦虑组的心率在高自我聚焦条件下均比低自我聚焦条件下快。研究结果表明,自我聚焦削弱了社交焦虑个体对外部刺激的注意加工。     

月经周期中情绪冲突Stroop效应研究

探讨正常育龄妇女月经周期对情绪冲突的影响,以及不同时期的情绪注意偏向.研究采用重复测量设计的词-面孔Stroop任务,分析比较了21名被试在卵泡期和黄体期完成情绪判断任务和性别判断任务的正确率和反应时.结果发现:被试在两个任务中均表现出明显的情绪Stroop效应;在情绪判断任务中,月经周期对情绪冲突Stroop任务的影响有统计学意义(p0.01),在黄体期被试的情绪Stroop效应更加明显,对负性和正性情绪面孔识别的正确率和反应时均存在统计学意义(p0.01);在性别判断任务中发现,与黄体期相比,女性在卵泡期对男性面孔的识别正确率较高,反应时较短.研究结果表明:女性在黄体期的认知控制能力较卵泡期下降,同时对负性情绪表现出明显的注意偏向;卵泡期女性对男性面孔的偏好大于黄体期女性.     

从建构主义看大学英语中的情商培养

建构主义学习理论揭示了在语言学习中实施情商培养的必要性和合理性,体现了建构主义与情商培养的一致性。在这里,用建构主义指导大学英语的学习与研究,揭示情商概念涵盖的维度及其与品格特质之间的密切关联,从而力图发现实施情商培养的视角与意义,以及情商培养之于语言教师所具有的启示作用。     

Differentiating electrophysiological response to decrease and increase negative emotion regulation

We investigated the reappraisal and the time course of negative emotion regulation by performing event-related potential (ERP) recordings. We found that negative pictures elicited more positive P2 and late positivity potential (LPP) deflections than neutral pictures. This effect occurred between 150-2000 ms post-stimulus. Compared to the emotion maintaining condition, the emotion enhancing condition was associated with higher arousal ratings and displayed increased P2 and LPP amplitudes. The decrease condition was also associated with reduced picture-induced arousal; however, it led to increased P2 and LPP amplitudes. Furthermore, when compared with the maintain condition, both the enhancing and decrease conditions significantly enhanced LPP in the early stage (350-750 ms). Compared to previous studies using western subjects, the negative emotion LPP effects of the present study were shorter in duration and the decrease-emotion condition elicited larger LPPs.