无定形C掺杂对MgB2微结构和超导电性的影响

采用原位法粉末装管工艺制备了MgB2-xCx/Nb/Cu单芯线材.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(EMS)和物性测试仪(PPMS)等手段研究了无定形C掺杂对线材微观结构及超导电性的影响.结果显示,随着C掺杂量的增加,进入MgB2晶格的C含量增加,MgB2层间结构不变.样品性能达到实用化超导磁体要求,在温度30 K外场0.2 T条件下,C掺杂量x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15的样品临界电流密度分别达8.1×104,1.7×105,1.6×105和1.0×105A/cm2.实验表明最佳C掺杂量x在0.05与0.10之间.     

快速热压法制备掺杂纳米SiC的MgB_2超导体

采用快速热压烧结技术,在流动的高纯氩气保护氛围下,成功地制备出致密MgB2块材.系统地介绍了快速热压技术烧结MgB2块材的工艺,找出了烧结温度、保温时间、原料配比等最佳工艺参数;讨论了SiC纳米相的掺杂对MgB2块体的影响,包括微观显微组织、物相分析、临界电流密度(Jc)等.实验表明,在快速热压条件下,950℃保温30min,随后炉冷,可以制备出理想的MgB2块材,质量分数为5%SiC的掺杂可以极大地提高MgB2的超导性能.测试温度在20K以下,在自场下Jc可达到106A/cm2以上;在5K下,当外加磁场增加到7T时,Jc缓慢下降,但仍在105A/cm2以上,使其实用性得到更进一步改善.     

超高载流能力的干净极限MgB2薄膜与超高上临界场的碳掺杂MgB2薄膜

本本文报道了基于混合物理化学气相沉积方法制备高质量干净极限MgB2薄膜和碳掺杂MgB2薄膜的最新结果.c轴外延干净的MgB2薄膜具有高达41.4K的超导转变温度,低于0.3μΩcm的正常态剩余电阻率.样品处于干净极限.薄膜表面RMS粗糙度小于5nm,在150nm宽的纳桥上测量到了大于1×108A/cm2的临界电流密度,接近MgB2,材料理论上的拆对电流密度,同样的结果也从对相同样品的磁性测量中推导得到.利用甲烷作为碳源,基于改进的热丝辅助混合物理化学气相沉积装置,高性能碳掺杂MgB2薄膜得以成功实现.不同程度的碳掺杂调制了MgB2双能带的带内和带间散射,进而明显增强了薄膜的上临界场.在重碳掺杂MgB2薄膜样品中,平行于样品表面的上临界场分量,Hc2//ab在临界温度(27K)附近对温度的斜率,-dHc2//ab/dT达到了3 T/K,暗示了样品具有非常高的上临界场Hc2//ab(0).碳掺杂同时使得样品的磁通钉扎能力得到很大增强.高场下具有比干净样品高出数个量级的临界电流密度,和更高的不可逆场.     

铁基超导线材实用化研究进展

铁基超导体是一种新型的实用化高温超导材料,具有极高的上临界场、高转变温度、较小的各向异性、高传输电流密度等优点,能够采用成本较低的粉末装管法制备成超导线带材.目前,通过引入轧制织构和加压烧结致密化等工艺,铁基超导带材的传输临界电流密度在10 T磁场下已超过105A/cm2的实用化门槛,表明其在强电高场领域具有较强的应用潜力.与带材相比,线材具有更加对称的截面形状,能够更方便地进行电缆绞制,从而降低导线的电磁耦合效应,提高载流的均匀性和稳定性,满足高场应用需求.本文对铁基超导线材的发展与现状进行评述,对线材制备过程中的前驱粉制备、冷加工工艺、热处理技术等进行系统介绍,并对影响线材传输性能的微观结构和磁通钉扎特性进行详细阐述,其中包括不同金属包套的线材以及多芯线材.最后,对铁基超导线材的研究进行总结,并对未来的发展趋势进行展望.     

Zn掺杂对MgB2电子结构及超导转变温度的影响

建立Zn掺杂含量不同的6个MgB2模型Mg1-xZnxB2（x=0,1/18,1/16,1/12,1/8,1/6）,对模型进行参数优化,分析Zn掺杂对MgB2几何构型的影响;计算纯MgB2和x为1/6,1/8,1/12时掺杂模型的能带结构和态密度,对得到的结果进行分析和处理,并指出Zn掺杂时MgB2超导临界转变温度Tc变化的大致规律.根据强耦合BCS理论的Mc-Millan公式,推导第一性原理计算公式,计算Zn掺杂MgB2的超导临界转变温度Tc.     

Y-211与Y2O3掺杂的熔融织构YBCO的超导钉扎效应及微结构研究

采用顶部籽晶熔融织构法,结合Y_2O_3和Y-211掺杂制备了高质量的准单畴YBCO块材.Jc测量结果表明,对于Y_2O_3掺杂的YBCO块材,其临界电流密度Jc在10K温度和0.6T磁场下达到1.60×10~6A/cm~2,用合作钉扎理论可推得,其在70K温度和2T磁场下为1.24×10~4/cm~2。扫描电镜观察结果表明,掺杂Y_2O_3所形成的Y-211粒子是柱状的,而掺杂Y-211在母体材料中是球形的,其尺寸接近纳米粒子。掺杂Y_20_3比Y-211更能增强磁通钉扎效应并有效地改善样品的生长状况。Y-211粒子与超导母体材料之间的界面对磁通钉扎起主要作用,Y-211粒子作为强钉扎中心属于界面钉扎。     

MgB2超导体的相图及其对薄膜制备的指导作用

MgB2适合于制备约瑟夫森结,在超导电子学领域有很好的应用前景。制备高质量的MgB2薄膜至关重要,应用Mg-B/Mg-B-O体系的相图指导MgB2薄膜生长意义重大。总结MgB2相体系及相关系,详细对比分析Mg-B/Mg-B-O体系的热力学相图,总结分析富氧区杂项MgO的生成机理及其对MgB2薄膜质量和性能的影响,研究分析有氧体系下Mg-B/Mg-B-O热力学相图对MgB2薄膜材料制备生长的指导意义,探讨HPCVD环境下采用原位生长技术制备MgB2超导薄膜时热力学相图的指导作用及相关制备工艺。     

铁基对垂直作用于MgB2/Fe超导带材外场的影响

铁基二硼化镁（MgB2／Fe）超导线带材有望在20K-30K、低场下得到广泛应用．本文考虑到铁的磁导率与磁场关系的非线性，结合J-A磁滞回线方程，构建了MgB2／Fe超导带材内超导芯的磁场与外加磁场的关系的模型．通过数字计算，研究了铁基截面尺寸及不同铁基底对外场的影响，计算了影响大小与外加磁场大小的关系．这对于解释MgB2／Fe超导带材的临界电流与外场的关系、进一步分析其应用中的低频交流损耗都将具有一定意义．     

自蔓延高温合成MgB2粉末

利用自蔓延高温合成法成功制备了MgB2粉末.通过热力学计算、X射线衍射图谱分析了各相生成的先后顺序及转化关系,探讨了合成反应产物中的相组成、MgB2的分解温度等.结果表明,自蔓延高温合成法能制备无MgB4等杂质相的单相MgB2,且晶粒细小易于分解.     

超导材料:九十年代将进入实用化阶段

发达国家的材料专家普遍认为,90年代超导材料将成为市场上最热门的商品之一。究其原因,是因为超导材料不仅是理想的战略替代材料,而且生产成本可大幅度降低,从而实用价值大大提高。日本研究超导的权威住友电气公司迄今已实施了近600项有关超导技术的专利。这家公司预计,到2000年,世界超导材料市场规模可达36亿美元。该公司使用铋系陶瓷超导材料制成的超导线材,在液氮温度(零下196摄氏度)下使线材截面1平方厘米的最大电流(临界电流密度)提高到11000安培。在这以前,在1特斯拉的强磁场下,这类线材的临界电流密度最高为6000安培。这次该公司使用的原材料是铋、锶、     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-