玉米地膜覆盖栽培技术

各地生产实践表明，玉米地膜覆盖栽培在不同的种植区域增产幅度表现出明显差异。在积温不足的高寒山区和干旱少雨地区地膜玉米增产效果比较显著。就积温而言，玉米生长期间〉10℃积温在1800-2400℃地区，地膜覆盖增产效果比较显著；在积温〉2800℃以上的地区，由于热量能满足玉米生长需要，地膜覆盖就没有多大意义。因此，要充分发挥地膜覆盖的增产作用，必需选择适宜的种植区域。     

基于GIS的甘南高原积温资源空间插值分析

将气象台站的海拔和经纬度位置作为影响积温空间分布的因子,采用回归分析方法建立空间插值模型,对甘南高原0℃年积温进行空间插值分析,年积温资源分布图。研究表明,在甘南高原区域尺度上,积温资源的分布主要受海拔影响,积温与海拔之间关系以二次回归模型精度最好;全区包含了从寒冷到温暖共4个热量带,积温资源量总体偏低,其中0℃年积温小于1300℃的高寒带占有主要地位。     

朔州55年热量资源变化特征分析

利用1961—2015年朔州国家基本气象站的观测记录资料,选取在农业气象上常用的稳定通过0℃和10℃的∑T≥0℃、∑T≥10℃积温等作为分析热量资源及趋势变化的要素,采用线性倾向估计、距平分析、小波分析等方法,以探讨朔州稳定通过0℃和10℃积温及积温日数变化特征、趋势变化特征和周期变化特征。结果表明:1961—2015年朔州≥0℃积温随时间呈明显的增加趋势,积温倾向率为51.7℃/10年;朔州≥0℃积温的初日呈提前趋势,平均每10年提前0.9天,终日呈推后趋势,平均每10年推后0.4天;朔州≥0℃积温初终间日数呈上升趋势,平均每10年增加1.3天。朔州≥10℃积温随时间也呈明显的增加趋势,积温倾向率为50.4℃/10年;朔州≥10℃积温的初日呈提前趋势,平均每10年提前1.2天,终日呈推后趋势,平均每10年推后1.0天;朔州≥10℃积温初终间日数呈上升趋势,平均每10年增加2.4天。朔州≥0℃积温主要存在4年、8年和64年的周期变化;朔州≥10℃积温主要存在2～4年、4～8年和64年的周期变化。     

栓皮栎出苗期的活动温度和积温研究

利用分期播种的试验方法,在人工气候箱和苗圃地两种环境下,采取人工模拟环境和自然环境分别测试栓皮栎出苗期土壤温度及出苗率.依据积温学说进行数据处理,确定了栓皮栎的活动温度和出苗所需的活动积温.结果表明:1)在人工环境中,当设定环境温度为6℃时,栓皮栎种子未发芽;当环境温度提升至8℃时,种子零星发芽;当设定环境温度为10℃与12℃时,其出苗率接近80%,因此确定栓皮栎的活动温度为10℃.2)在人工环境中,出苗率为60%与80%的积温相差较小,平均出苗积温为1000℃·d;在自然环境中,由于受环境影响栓皮栎幼苗出苗整齐性较差,因此以出苗率为60%对应的活动积温1300℃·d作为栓皮栎幼苗出苗活动积温.     

江西热量资源

本文根据江西各气象站资料,并参考山区考察记录,探讨了江西热量分布的特征和规律.分析指出江西热量资源丰富,总积温高,无霜期长,十分有利喜温作物生长和农、林、牧、副全面发展,但由于季风气候的不稳定性,常有“三寒”(春寒,小满寒、寒露风)出现,对稻、棉、油等生产有不利影响.     

汉中地区秦岭南坡东段农业光热水条件及其合理利用的几个问题

本文对汉中地区秦岭南坡东段农业光热水条件的几个重要特征作了分析讨论。首先计算了不同坡地上的太阳辐射值,并提出了一种推求的简易公式。其次,对本区气温垂直变化率重新作了讨论,同时采用一种新的方法对不同高度农业界限温度与积温作了推求。并且对区内最大降水高度提出了新的看法。最后,根据本区光热水条件的特点及利用现状,对农作物的种植行向、低山区的造林、平坝区粮食作物的组合结构及良种的培育和引种等问题提出了自己的一些看法。     

重庆市1961-2010年≥10℃积温的时空变化和对农作物生产的影响

基于重庆市34个气象站点1961-2010年的气象资料、DEM以及农业统计年鉴,本文首先利用回归分析法计算重庆地区积温与高程的关系模型;其次结合GIS技术对积温进行地形校正,得到重庆市以10年为尺度的积温栅格面;再对其进行空间分析和统计分析,研究它近50年的变化特征并分析其对农作物生产的影响.结果表明:1重庆市≥10℃平均积温值经历了先降后升的过程,其中上世纪80年代最低,21世纪第一个10年最高;≥10℃积温分布以积温段ⅳ(4 000~5 000℃)、积温段ⅴ(5 000℃)为主,二者所占面积比例之和约为75%;积温段ⅱ(2 000~3 000℃)、ⅲ(3 000~4 000℃)、ⅳ(4 000~5 000℃)的面积总体上呈现先增加后降低的趋势;积温段ⅰ(≤2 000℃)变化复杂;2各年代的积温空间演变均以无变化区所占面积比例最大;上世纪60到70、80到90年代的积温段变化单一,其他各年代间积温段的变化较复杂;3上世纪80年代后,随着积温的升高,稻谷等作物的种植面积缩小,而稻谷、油菜等作物单产增加,但农用化肥施用量和农药施用量也随之增加.     

≥0°C积温计算的不确定性

利用1961-2010年全国723个气象台站的日平均气温、月平均气温数据,分别计算≥0℃的积温,采用差值法得到积温偏差,分析了其空间分布特征及与月积温偏差的关系.结果表明,基于不同起始数据获取的年积温存在一定的不确定性和明显的时空差异,主要表现出集聚性、一致性和异质性等空间分布特征.年积温不确定性与纬经度、海拔密切相关,且纬度与海拔的影响高于经度,秦岭-淮河及横断山脉一线为年积温偏差10℃·d的分界线.月积温不确定性随月份的增大呈U型分布,11月最大、7月最小;年积温偏差贡献率范围存在明显差异,12月最大,5月最小.     

山区高速公路桥梁施工方法探讨

山区高速公路建设是国家和地区长期以来共同关注的项目。它不仅方便了山区的交通,而且使山区与城市接轨。是一个具有社会效应和经济效益的长远工程。本文主要介绍了山区高速公路桥梁的特点以及施工要求和方法。     

大麦早熟3号若干生物学特性的初步观察

一、生育期与积温大麦早熟3号是一个春性较强的品种,一般立冬播种,于第二年5月10日前后成熟。根据1969～1973年记载资料统计,出苗至齐穗需要133天左右,需要0℃以上积温950℃左右,齐穗至成熟需要35天左右,需要积温550～600℃,全生育期(播种至成熟)170～180天,需要积温1600℃左右。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.