串并联系统可靠度的最优分配

该文研究了串并联系统的可靠度最优分配问题．在建立连续的可靠度函数、期望效益函数、期望损失函数和初始造价函数的基础上，推导出串并联系统初始造价最低、期望效益最大的两个单目标最优和多目标最优的系统可靠度函数最优分配的计算表达式，并用算例作了说明．     

可靠度最优分配演算法的一个注

可靠度最优分配问题是系统研制过程需要解决的一个重要问题。其目的是从整体出发将有限资源加以最有效利用。讨论了由九个相互独立的子系统串联而成，第j种子系统由白个相互独立的第歹种部件并联而成的系统可靠度最优分配问题。文中给出以上系统可靠度最优分配的改进算法，并应用于具体算例，说明计算次数有一定减少。     

雷达记录系统的可靠性设计

基于最小努力分配准则，对雷达记录系统各单元的可靠度进行了优化配置，并对该系统的可靠度进行了分析，其结果达到预期目标。说明从可靠性出发对控制系统进行结构设计是可行的。     

可靠度分配的惩罚函数法

利用优化设计的惩罚函数法进行系统的可靠度分配，以各单元花费最小为目标函数，在满足系统可靠度要求的前提下，合理的落实各单元的可靠度指标。为产品设计提供了科学的依据，是一种快捷，有效的方法。     

10000kN液压机主缸液系统可靠度分配

介绍了以相对失效率和相对失效概率法对串联，并联系统进行可靠度分配的基本步骤，按照此原则对１００００ｋＮ液压机主缸液压系统进行可靠度分配，并提出提高系统可靠度的措施。     

矿井生产运输系统可靠性设计理论研究

本文在分析矿井生产运输系统的基础上，提出了矿井生产运输系统可靠度的基本概念及其计算方法，建立了可靠度最优分配的数学模型及最优生产运输系统可靠性设计的数学模型     

结构系统可靠度优化初探

通过对以结构系统具有最低材料重量或成本为目标函数、以系统可靠度为约束条件的优化模型的分析，确定了其优化准则，给出基于可靠度下结构处于最优状态的条件，即当结构处于最优状态时，每一设计变量的改变量所引起的系统整体可靠度收益(或损失)与其质量增加(或减少)的比值应都等于某一常数；在此基础上，提出分结构调优和解优两阶段的直接迭代法进行求解，并给出算例。     

基于路网系统的水泥混凝土道路的可靠度研究

在路网系统中考虑道路单元的可靠度, 根据道路网络的综合拓扑指标值确定系统中各道路单元的重要程度, 最终确定维修后道路的目标可靠度, 从而利用直接积分法得到沥青加铺层的厚度. 分析表明: 当加铺层厚度小于35 cm 时, 道路可靠度随着加铺层厚度的增加而增加; 当加铺层厚度达到或超过35 cm 时, 道路可靠度随着加铺层厚度的增加而趋于稳定. 考虑单条道路在整个路网系统中的地位, 不仅能够使修护后的路面系统可靠度最大化, 而且可以使修护费用得到最优分配.     

基于复杂因子的软件可靠性指标分配方法研究

给出了软件可靠性指标分配的系统模型．基于复杂因子的分配方法，在保证系统可靠性的前提下，给出了求解各子系统软件可靠度的工程实现方法．结合实际系统，对获得的各子系统软件可靠度进行了实例验证．该方法可直接用于军事或非军事系统的软件可靠性指标分配。     

基于遗传算法的复杂系统可靠度和冗余数设计分配优化

研究了复杂系统可靠度和冗余数分配优化问题，给出了子系统单元件可靠度指标和冗余个数一体化并发设计问题的提法；将遗传算法应用于求解系统可靠度优化配置问题，建立了优化配置子系统单元可靠度和冗余数的优化方法，具体设计优化了一复杂系统的可靠度分配问题，结果表明本文的问题描述合理，算法有效可行。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-