固定化脂肪酶的动力学研究

以壳聚糖为载体,用物理吸附固定化脂肪酶,对影响固定化过程的各种因素进行了考察,确定了最优条件,并比较了游离酶和固定化酶的最适温度、pH、酶的热稳定性以及表观Km。固定化酶水解的最适pH(pH7．0)稍低于游离酶(pH8．0),最适温度为50℃(游离酶为40℃)。固定化酶在50℃的半衰期(0．96h)是游离酶(0．32h)的3倍,在4℃的冰箱中贮存3个月活力变化很小。     

固定化反硝化聚磷菌制备方法的研究

选用海藻酸钠(CA)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)混合物作为包埋载体,对经富集培养的以反硝化聚磷菌为主的活性污泥固定化制备方法进行了研究.利用正交实验考察了包埋菌体量、海藻酸钠质量分数、沸石添加量和交联时间对固定化菌除磷效果的影响,着重研究了包埋菌体量和沸石添加量这2个显著性影响因素对固定化小球性能的影响.研究表明,制备固定化反硝化聚磷菌的最佳包埋条件是:PVA质量分数为8%,CA质量分数为3%,包埋菌质量体积浓度为25g/L,沸石质量体积浓度为20 g/L,固定化小球交联时间为18 h.     

pH调控方式对微囊包埋Klebsiella pneumoniae发酵的影响

考察了不控制pH、CaCO3调节pH和KOH调节pH情况下,NaCS/PDMDAAC微胶囊包埋的肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌Klebsiella pneumoniae ZJU5205的菌体生长、底物甘油的消耗和1,3-丙二醇的生成动力学,并同时测定了过程中pH的变化情况。结果表明,通过KOH调节pH,可获得最大菌体生长量和最大的1,3-丙二醇浓度。故对固定化肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌来说,有效调控pH对发酵过程有重要影响。     

蒙脱石K-10吸附固定糖化酶研究

蒙脱石是一种优良的吸附剂,采用吸附法将其作为固定化糖化酶的载体研究固定化糖化酶的性质,结果表明:每克固定化酶的活力3 442 U;固定化酶的最适pH值是4.8,比游离酶的最适pH值增加了0.2;固定化酶反应的最适温度是60 ℃,比游离酶升高了5 ℃;固定化酶的半衰期为12 d;固定化酶的Km=14.3 g/L,为游离酶的1.47倍.     

磁性复合微球固定化脂肪酶的研究

用壳聚糖和二氧化硅共同包裹Fe3O4纳米粒子制得磁性高分子微球,并以此为载体,以戊二醛为交联剂固定化脂肪酶,探讨了固定化过程中戊二醛浓度、固定化时间、固定化pH对固定化酶活力的影响.结果表明,固定化脂肪酶的最佳条件:时间为10h,pH为7.5,戊二醛的浓度为8％.同时还对固定化酶与游离酶的最适温度和最适pH作了测定,固定化酶的最适温度为50℃,比游离酶的最适温度为40℃,提高了10℃;固定化酶的最适pH为7.0,与游离酶的最适pH7.5相比,向酸性偏移了0.5.     

以卵清蛋白为载体的固定化木瓜蛋白酶的制备及其性质

以变性的卵清蛋白为载体, 用戊二醛为交联剂固定木瓜蛋白酶. 通过正交实验考察了固定化pH值、 交联剂戊二醛浓度、 交联时间和酶用量对固定化木瓜蛋白酶活力的影响,确定了最适固定化条件： 5%戊二醛, pH 6.0, 交联时间20 h, 每克载体含酶量12 mg. 对比研究了游离木瓜蛋白酶和固定化木瓜蛋白酶的性质, 所得到的固定化木瓜蛋白酶最适温度90 ℃, 最适pH 9.0, 米氏常数53.6　mg/mＬ, 其热稳定性及耐热性均较游离酶显著提高.     

卡拉胶固定化Nocardia sp.生产L(+)酒石酸

采用卡拉胶包埋具有环氧琥珀酸水解酶活性的诺卡氏菌菌体用于生产酒石酸。固定化的最适卡拉胶浓度为20 g/L,菌体浓度为200 g/L,交联剂戊二醛浓度为5 g/L,固定化后的酶活回收率可以达到70%。高浓度的环氧琥珀酸对水解反应产生抑制作用,游离细胞的米氏常数(Km)为0.234 m o l/L,抑制常数(KI)为0.22 m o l/L,固定化细胞则分别为0.31 m o l/L和0.21 m o l/L。游离细胞和固定化细胞反应的最适pH分别为8.0和8.5。细胞固定化以后,耐热稳定性增强。30°C 0.2m o l/L的底物浓度下,摇瓶中连续转化25批,L( )酒石酸的转化率接近100%。     

壳聚糖固定化蚯蚓纤溶酶及其性质

以壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛为交联荆,用吸附交联法固定蚯蚓纤溶酶,对蚯蚓纤溶酶的固定化条件及固定化酶的各种性质进行了研究,确定了酶固定的最适条件:1 g用pH为6.5的磷酸盐缓冲液浸泡的壳聚糖载体与5 mL体积分数为1%戊二醛在25℃交联8 h,充分洗去戊二醛之后,加入蚯蚓纤溶酶13 U,4℃吸附6 h,充分洗去未交联的游离酶,酶活力回收最高大约为63%,固定化酶的比活为0.082 U/mg.固定化酶,游离酶的最适温度均为50℃,游离酶的最适pH值为8.5,而固定化酶的最适pH值为8.0,固定化酶的热稳定性,pH稳定性均比游离酶有所提高,游离酶、固定化酶都能水解纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白,固定化酶不再水解BSA.     

修饰性载体固定化漆酶

采用壳聚糖铜固定化和交联酶聚集体的方法固定化漆酶.探索了固定化前后漆酶的最适温度、pH,热稳定性和金属离子对其活性的影响,交联漆酶聚集体制备的条件.结果为:游离漆酶的最适温度是20℃,最适pH是4.6;壳聚糖铜固定化漆酶的最适温度是25℃,最适pH是4.0;交联漆酶聚集体的最适温度是15℃,最适pH是3.6.固定化后漆酶的热稳定性提高,不同金属离子影响固定化漆酶的活性,其中K+的激活作用尤为明显.制备交联漆酶聚集体最适戊二醛浓度为1%,最适交联时间是2 h.     

交联海藻酸钙凝胶固定化酵母醇脱氢酶研究

对用海藻酸钙包埋、戊二醛交联法固定酵母醇脱氧酶催化苯乙酮酸合成(R)-扁桃酸的过程进行研究,比较游离酶与固定化酶的酶学性质.实验结果表明:固定化酶的热稳定性显著提高,游离酶在70℃时酶蛋白变性失去活力,而固定化酶在65℃保温1 h的能保持64%的酶活力,在70℃时酶活力仍町保留48.6%;固定化酶的最适温度由30℃升至40℃,最适反应pH值由6.8下降为5.8;固定化酶保留了62.72%的游离酶活性, 固定化酶的表观米氏常数和最大反应速率分别为37.33 mmol/L和358.42 nmol/min.该固定化酶具有良好的储存稳定性和操作稳定性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-