基于灰色模型的纳木错面积动态变化及趋势预测

根据地形图数据、1977年MSS数据、1991年TM数据、2001年ETM数据以及2006年CBERS数据纳木错湖泊的动态变化,发现湖泊面积从1934.12km2持续扩大到2008.66 km2。在2001—2006年湖泊面积增长最快,每年扩张4.66km2,年动态千值达到了82.74。构建纳木错湖泊面积的非等间距灰色预测模型,模型后验差C=0.11、最小误差概率P=1,充分证实了在纳木错湖泊动态监测中应用灰色预测模型的可行性。     

广西红水河自然保护区动物资源调查和保护对策

20 0 2年 8 - 9月对广西龙滩水电站库区 ,即红水河流域进行了动物资源调查 ,结果表明 :红水河自然保护区计有脊椎动物 10 5科 ,3 82种 .其中东洋界 3 11种 ,占 81.47% ;广布种 71种 ,占 18.5 3 % ;其区系处于东洋界华南区和华中区的过渡地带 ,并有少量西南区物种的嵌入 .其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物 4种 ,Ⅱ级保护动物 44种 ,共占 12 .69% .红水河自然保护区脊椎动物的组成是 :哺乳类 5 5种 ,鸟类 179种 ,爬行类5 7种 ,两栖类 45种 ,鱼类 3 6种 .库区蓄水后 ,部分生境变化 ,导致动物生态类群改变 ,鱼类多样性水平下降     

纳木错局部水域的深度和水温数据分析及研究

文章分析和研究了纳木错局部水域的深度和水温数据。数据显示纳木错西南局部水域离岸间距7．5千米范围内,最深可达50米,湖底地形变化明显,梯度平均可达0．01。湖泊表面温度11．5—12．5℃,水温最低达到4．9℃。湖水基本分为四层,上2—4米的表层变温层,4-15米的均温上层,15—40米的中间温跃层。40—50米的深水滞温层。     

广西红水河自然保护区动物资源调查和保护对策

2002年8—9月对广西龙滩水电站库区，即红水河流域进行了动物资源调查，结果表明：红水河自然保护区计有脊椎动物105科，382种．其中东洋界311种，占81．47％；广布种71种，占18．53％；其区系处于东洋界华南区和华中区的过渡地带，并有少量西南区物种的嵌入．其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物4种，Ⅱ级保护动物44种，共占12．69％．红水河自然保护区脊椎动物的组成是：哺乳类55种，鸟类179种，爬行类57种，两栖类45种，鱼类36种、库区蓄水后，部分生境变化，导致动物生态类群改变，鱼类多样性水平下降.     

滇池流域滇池金线鱼巴及部分土著鱼种的残存分布

报道了自80年代以来,对滇池流域国家二级保护动物滇池金线鱼巴及部分土著鱼种残存分布的调查结果. 结果表明,共有10种土著鱼种,滇池金线鱼巴的分布最广,虎纹云南鳅的数量最多,嵩明县白邑乡黑龙潭和青龙潭对土著鱼种的保护最好.     

淮河流域(安徽段)湿地资源现状、问题及保护对策

将淮河流域(安徽段)的湿地划分为2个系统7个类别14个类型,并对该流域内的重要湿地资源的现状进行了描述,同时分析了本地区湿地目前所存在的问题,提出了科学保护和合理利用的对策.     

我国流域水资源保护框架浅析

根据我国水资源保护管理的发展方向,初步界定了水资源保护的内涵和主要任务.在分析水资源保护管理体制基础上,提出了存在的问题.针对我国水资源保护多部门、流域与区域相结合管理特点,并参照欧盟水框架指令取得的相关经验,提出我国水资源保护的目标、原则和框架体制,即流域水资源保护规划是基础,管理法规体系完善是保障,评价考核体系建立是手段.同时提出了充分发挥流域机构的综合规划和监管职能,突出以区域政府为治理保护主体和考核对象,以及强化公众参与和监督的水资源保护框架实施建议.     

敦煌西湖湿地演化趋势及保护对策

以敦煌盆地西湖国家自然保护区为研究区,利用3期次TM卫星遥感数据(1990,2000,2010年),在野外调查的基础上构建了研究区湿地遥感解译标志,通过遥感影像处理、空间变异分析、土地覆盖类型之间的相互转化信息等研究方法,获得了湿地萎缩的原因、演化趋势及环境效应.提出了盆地内调整产业结构、农业高效节水、提高人口素质、外流域调水及加强水资源管理等几个方面采取保护对策,对于实现敦煌盆地地下水位逐步恢复、西湖湿地发挥绿色屏障和保护人类赖以生存的栖息环境具有重要的现实作用.     

江西珍稀水鸟生存现状与保护对策

采用样线和样点法,结合文献,共记录江西省珍稀水鸟6目9科33种。重点对江西鄱阳湖及其流域部分区域的珍稀水鸟分布及其生存现状作了分析。研究结果显示,种数较多的4个目是鹳形目(8种)、雁形目(10种)、鹤形目(9种)和鸻形目(3种)。居留型方面,冬候鸟种类最多,21种。江西鄱阳湖及其流域分布的珍稀水鸟种类多、数量大,大部分种类如白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)等集中在鄱阳湖湿地,个别物种如中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)主要栖息于鄱阳湖流域。还提出相应的珍稀水鸟保护措施:减少人类活动对水鸟生存环境的影响;建立自然保护小区;从更大尺度保护水鸟;开展江西主要湖泊和流域水鸟资源的长期监测;提高公众动物保护的意识。     

青藏高原典型湖泊湖岸带表层沉积物碳、氮、磷分析

在青藏高原地区的尕海、纳木错和羊卓雍错3个湖区的典型湖泊湖岸带采集表层沉积物,测定总有机碳、总氮、总磷含量,分析营养元素间的原子比.结果显示:7处湖岸带表层沉积物有机碳含量介于1.19～46.84g/kg之间,其中尕海糊区的果茫滩最高;总氮含量介于0.26～10.84g/kg之间,尕海最高;总磷含量介于0.05～0.38g/kg之间,尕海最高;纳木错有机碳、总氮、总磷含量均为最低.湖岸带表层沉积物C/N的最大值和最小值均出现在尕海湖区,分别是尕海湖区果芒滩的19.04和尕海湖区尕海的2.85,其他两个湖区的值均在5～10之间;C/P均大于60;N/P值介于8.75～63.17之间;纳木错湖区的N/P和C/P均低于另外两个湖区.可以认为:磷是3个湖区潜在的营养限制因子;尕海存在外源氮输入;果芒滩沉积物有机质主要来源为陆生和水生维管束植物碎屑混合物,纳木错湖区和羊卓雍错湖区则为湖泊自生的水生生物碎屑混合物.     

内蒙古西部荒漠半翅目昆虫多样性及区系研究

内蒙古西部荒漠是内蒙古昆虫区系重要的组成部分。由于该地区复杂和特殊的自然条件，形成了半翅目昆虫种类的多样性和区系性质的特殊性。     

A method for estimating the contribution of evaporative vapor from Nam Co to local atmospheric vapor based on stable isotopes of water bodies

During the summer monsoon season,the moisture of precipitation events in southern and central regions of the Tibetan Plateau is mainly moisture from the Indian Ocean transported by the Indian monsoon and terrestrial vapor derived from the surface of the Tibetan Plateau.However,the respective contributions of these two types of moisture are not clear.From June to September,the excess deuterium values of precipitation and river water in the Nam Co basin are higher than those for the southern Tibetan Plateau.This reflects the mixing of evaporation from Nam Co and local atmospheric vapor.On the basis of theory for estimating the contribution of evaporative vapor from surface water bodies to atmospheric vapor and relative stable isotopes in water bodies (precipitation,river water,atmospheric moisture and lake water),this study preliminarily estimates that the average contribution of evaporation from the Lake Nam Co to local atmospheric vapor has varied from 28.4% to 31.1% during the summer monsoon season in recent years.     

崇明岛不同土地利用类型下土壤动物群落多样性研究

土壤动物种类和组成是区域生物多样性的重要组成部分,在崇明岛选择了苗圃、农田、公园和湿地这4种不同土地利用类型的土壤为研究对象,对其中的土壤动物群落多样性进行了调查分析,以探讨崇明岛土壤动物群落结构与不同土地利用类型的关系.共获得土壤动物1 179头,分属28个类群;其中大型土壤动物共483头,中小型土壤动物共696头....     

海南自然保护区的陆生和淡水贝类

考察了海南自然保护区的陆生和淡水贝类资源 ,采获陆生贝类标本 2 4种 (包括 1未定种 ) ,隶属于 1纲 9科 19属 ;淡水贝类标本共 16种 ,隶属于 2纲 7科 11属 .区系分析表明 :海南的陆生和淡水贝类区系组成以东洋界种类为主 ,其中热带种类占优势 ;海南的陆生和淡水贝类区系与广东大陆有密切关系 ;海南自然保护区的热带季雨林中 ,随着海拔升高 ,淡水贝类的分布呈减少趋势 ;海南的陆生和淡水贝类的大型种类多 ,人畜寄生虫中间宿主螺多     

Soil invertebrate fauna enhances grassland succession and diversity

One of the most important areas in ecology is to elucidate the factors that drive succession in ecosystems and thus influence the diversity of species in natural vegetation. Significant mechanisms in this process are known to be resource limitation and the effects of aboveground vertebrate herbivores. More recently, symbiotic and pathogenic soil microbes have been shown to exert a profound effect on the composition of vegetation and changes therein. However, the influence of invertebrate soil fauna on succession has so far received little attention. Here we report that invertebrate soil fauna might enhance both secondary succession and local plant species diversity. Soil fauna from a series of secondary grassland succession stages selectively suppress early successional dominant plant species, thereby enhancing the relative abundance of subordinate species and also that of species from later succession stages. Soil fauna from the mid-succession stage had the strongest effect. Our results clearly show that soil fauna strongly affects the composition of natural vegetation and we suggest that this knowledge might improve the restoration and conservation of plant species diversity.     

Mechanism of variations in environmental magnetic proxies of lake sediments from Nam Co, Tibet during the Holocene

High-resolution environmental records from the Tibetan Plateau are essential to understand past global climatic and environmental changes. Magnetic minerals in lake sediments are important proxies to reconstruct environmental and climatic changes. Nam Co (lake) is a typical great lake in the transitional region of southwest monsoon in the Tibetan Plateau. Previous studies have extensively focused on geochemistry, microfossils, sedimentology and biochemistry analysis of Nam Co, which provides sound interpretation of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes. However, up to now, no systematic environmental magnetic studies have been carried out. Therefore, high-resolution and systematic magnetic studies combined with geochemical parameters were carried on lake sediments of core NC 08/01 from Nam Co for the Holocene period (11.3 cal ka BP) in order to explore how magnetic properties of the sediments respond to climatic changes. Based on variations of magnetic proxies, the sequence can be separated into 3 units. Unit 1 (236-199 cm, 11.3-7.8 cal ka BP) contains dominantly coarse-grained magnetite with homogeneous grain size. A positive correlation between magnetite and Ti strongly suggests that these coarse-grained detrital magnetites reflect detrital input signals due to insignificant effects of postdepositional dissolution processes on these coarse-grained magnetite particles. For Unit 2 (198-102 cm, 7.8-2.1 cal ka BP), magnetic grain size is finer and the corresponding concentration of magnetite is also reduced. This is mainly due to significant dissolution of these fine-grained detrital magnetite particles, which were transported under reduced water flow conditions during this period. For Unit 3 (101-0 cm, 2.1-0 cal ka BP), the bulk magnetic properties are dominated by a mixture of single domain biogenic magnetite and detrital magnetite. The concentration of magnetic minerals is not correlated with the Ti content. In conclusion, the preservation of magnetic minerals in the lake sediment and thus the corresponding magnetic properties are related to the initial grain size. Combination of magnetic properties (including variation of grain size and concentration) and other proxies of detrital inputs (e.g. Ti) can be used to infer the variation of redox conditions in Nam Co. These results provide a viable framework for reconstructing the paleoenvironmental changes of this lake.     

宁夏贺兰山拟步甲科的区系组成与生态分布

为了研究宁夏贺兰山国家自然保护区的生物多样性,于2007-2009年在宁夏贺兰山进行了系统的拟步甲科标本采集．结果表明,共获得标本4000余只,经分类鉴定出50种,隶属4亚科20属,其中,拟步甲亚科种类最多,计11属24种,占总种数的48％,漠甲亚科次之,计7属20种,占总种数的40％．从世界动物区系的构成来看,以中亚亚界成分为主;从中国动物区系的构成来看,贺兰山拟步甲科昆虫区系具有明显的蒙新区系特征,并且与华北区区系较为密切,与青藏区系次之,7个区系分布型中以蒙新区所占比例最高,共有32种,占64％,其次为蒙新区＋华北区区系分布型,计10种,占20％．根据拟步甲科生态分布特征,并结合植被、地形、地貌,运用等级聚类分析将50种拟步甲科划分为4个生态种组;拟步甲科随贺兰山垂直植被带分布表现差异,山麓荒漠草原带和疏林草原带是主要的分布带,喜阴湿的种类主要分布在针阔混交林带以上．     

动物中天然抗癌产物研究

抗癌动物资源包括两栖动物、肠腔动物、苔虫动物、被囊动物、棘皮动物、软体动物、鱼类等。其天然产物主要是脂溶性甾族类、大环内酯类、肽类、聚醚类、多糖类、生物碱类及必需脂肪酸（EFAS）类等。重点介绍了对蟾蜍、医蛭及海洋生物中的海鞘、沙群海葵、海绵、苔藓虫、鱼类等抗癌动物资源与天然产物的研究开发，并对这些领域开发前景进行了展望。     

Water balance estimates of ten greatest lakes in China using ICESat and Landsat data

Lake level and area variations are sensitive to regional climate changes and can be used to indirectly estimate water balances of lakes. In this study, 10 of the largest lakes in China, ～1000 km² or larger, are examined to determine changes in lake level and area derived respectively from ICESat and Landsat data recorded between 2003 and 2009. The time series of lake level and area of Selin Co, Nam Co, and Qinghai Lake in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Xingkai Lake in northeastern China exhibit an increasing trend, with Selin Co showing the fastest rise in lake level (0.69 m/a), area (32.59 km²/a), and volume (1.25 km³/a) among the 10 examined lakes. Bosten and Hulun lakes in the arid and semiarid region of northern China show a decline in both lake level and area, with Bosten Lake showing the largest decrease in lake level (?0.43 m/a) and Hulun Lake showing the largest area shrinkage (?35.56 km²/a). However, Dongting, Poyang, Taihu, and Hongze lakes in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin present seasonal variability without any apparent tendencies. The lake level and area show strong correlations for Selin Co, Nam Co, Qinghai, Poyang, Hulun, and Bosten lakes (R ² >0.80) and for Taihu, Hongze, and Xingkai lakes (～0.70) and weak correlation for East Dongting Lake (0.37). The lake level changes and water volume changes are in very good agreement for all lakes (R ² > 0.98). Water balances of the 10 lakes are derived on the basis of both lake level and area changes, with Selin Co, Nam Co, Qinghai, and Xingkai lakes showing positive water budgets of 9.08, 4.07, 2.88, and 1.09 km³, respectively. Bosten and Hulun lakes show negative budgets of ?3.01 and ?4.73 km³, respectively, and the four lakes along the Yangtze River show no obvious variations. Possible explanations for the lake level and area changes in these four lakes are also discussed. This study suggests that satellite remote sensing could serve as a fast and effective tool for estimating lake water balance.     

“中合牌”生物菌肥研究（Ⅱ）：ZH—BBM有效成分微量元素的分析

首次报道了从微量元素的角度对“中合牌”生物菌肥进行的深入研究，结果显示ＺＨ－ＢＢＭ中含有６种非金属元素和２０种金属元素，它们都和动樾折生命活动有密切的关系。