海洋软管铠装层用钢的海水腐蚀行为

通过浸泡实验研究了铠装层用钢在模拟海水环境下的腐蚀行为.实验结果表明,实验钢的微观组织由回火马氏体组成,同时在基体中观察到含铬的析出粒子;腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间延长逐渐降低,最终实验腐蚀速率为0.068 9 mm·a~(-1).腐蚀行为分为三个阶段:快速下降阶段、平稳过渡阶段和缓慢下降阶段,试样表面的腐蚀产物主要为α-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH,Fe_3O_4,Fe_2O_3;随着腐蚀时间的增加,腐蚀产物结构更加密实且厚度更大,铬元素倾向于在腐蚀产物中聚集.     

3Cr板耐蚀性能的研究

运用线性极化法(LPR)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对其电化学性能进行了测试,实验表明3Cr板极化电位和电化学阻抗均高于碳钢,同时通过腐蚀失重法,研究比较碳钢和3Cr钢在模拟塔里木油田环境中的CO2腐蚀行为,结果表明:在模拟CO2腐蚀环境中,3Cr钢的腐蚀速率为0.77 mm/a,碳钢腐蚀速率为1.31mm/a,碳钢腐蚀速率是3Cr钢的1.5倍多。     

湿硫磺颗粒的腐蚀行为及材质选择

实验通过试片悬挂转动的方法来模拟现场水造粒硫磺成型过程,采用失重腐蚀速率、扫描电镜观察,能谱进行表征,研究了温度、位置因素对316L和20#钢在水造粒硫磺颗粒成型过程中的腐蚀规律特征。实验分析结果表明:316L在水造粒硫磺颗粒成型过程中抗腐蚀性能良好,失重腐蚀速率介于0.000 8 mm/a和0.007 0 mm/a之间。材质表面腐蚀产物较少,主要为氧化铁。20#钢在整个过程中腐蚀严重,失重腐蚀速率远远超出了含硫气田腐蚀控制标准0.075 mm/a,试片表面至少形成两层腐蚀产物膜,主要为氧化铁和硫化亚铁,高温和冲刷会加快腐蚀速率。通过模拟实验结果建议在现场硫磺颗粒成型过程中316L材质可长期使用,对使用20#钢的设备管线应尽早更换,并定期进行监测,确保生产装置的安全。     

不同CO_2压力下形成的N80钢腐蚀产物膜特征

对N80钢在不同CO2压力下进行高温、高压腐蚀实验,根据失重法计算N80钢的腐蚀速率,利用扫描电镜观察腐蚀产物膜的微观形态,分析腐蚀产物膜的厚度和Ca元素含量,利用电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线法测试了腐蚀产物膜的电化学性能,并对腐蚀产物膜与基体间的剪切强度进行了测试.结果表明,随CO2压力增加,N80钢腐蚀速率增大;腐蚀产物膜晶粒尺寸基本不变,膜中微观缺陷数量逐渐增多;腐蚀产物膜电阻和反应电阻呈逐渐增加的趋势;腐蚀产物膜与N80钢基体结合的剪切强度下降,促进了N80钢的腐蚀.     

X65钢在CO2/H2S介质中的高温高压腐蚀行为

利用高温高压釜,通过失重法、SEM、XRD以及电子探针进行微观结构分析,对90、120、150℃时X65钢在模拟油气田CO2/H2S环境中的腐蚀行为进行研究.结果表明:在实验条件下,X65钢发生严重的CO2/H2S腐蚀.随着温度的升高,腐蚀速率呈上升再下降的趋势(120℃时为最大值).表面都生成了FeCO3为主的腐蚀产物膜;CO2/H2S腐蚀的协同作用形成了钢表面独特的点蚀和台地腐蚀特征.CO2/H2S腐蚀是各种因素相互作用的结果.     

高强耐磨铝青铜合金在10% H2SO4溶液中腐蚀的研究

利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及静态浸泡腐蚀实验等方法,研究了高强耐磨铝青铜Cu-14%Al-x。合金在10％H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀行为,研究结果表明,该高强耐磨铝青铜合金在10％H2SO4溶液中具有较强的耐腐蚀性能;合金的腐蚀速率随温度的升高而增大,当温度由20℃上升至80℃时,腐蚀速率由0.0325mm／a增加到0.2608mm/a;腐蚀后试样表面w（Al）明显下降,w（Cu）明显增加,合金发生的腐蚀主要是脱铝腐蚀。     

CO32-对Q235钢在土壤中腐蚀行为的影响

利用极化曲线技术、电化学阻抗测试技术等方法,研究了CO2-3对Q235钢在土壤中腐蚀行为的影响.实验结果表明,CO2-3对Q235钢腐蚀的影响显著.Q235钢的腐蚀速率随土壤中CO2-3含量的增加,Q235钢在土壤中的腐蚀速率也增加,当CO2-3的质量百分含量增加到0.28%时,腐蚀速率达到最大,然后腐蚀速率随着CO2-3含量增加而减小,最后趋于一稳定值15 μA·cm-2左右.     

CO2分压对N80钢腐蚀产物膜保护性能的影响

利用高温高压釜对N80钢进行了两种温度、不同CO2分压下的腐蚀实验.测量了腐蚀速率,观察了腐蚀产物膜的宏观形貌及去除腐蚀产物膜后金属基体的表面状态,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了腐蚀产物膜的微观形貌并测量了膜的厚度,对在不同条件下成膜的N80钢进行了电化学极化曲线与交流阻抗谱(EIS)分析.结果表明:CO2分压升高,腐蚀产物膜保护性能提高,但由于介质的腐蚀性增强,腐蚀速率上升;膜局部缺陷是导致金属基体表面点蚀的主要诱因,CO2分压升高有利于减少65℃时膜表面的局部缺陷;在90℃下腐蚀产物膜的保护性能比65℃下对CO2分压的变化更为敏感.     

油套管用钢P110的CO_2腐蚀动力学研究

利用高温高压腐蚀试验及电化学原位测量技术,并辅以SEM、EDS和XRD等微观分析手段研究了油套管用钢P110在CO2分压为2 MPa、温度为100℃的3.5%NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀失重、界面反应电化学特性、腐蚀产物膜的微观形貌、成分和结构特征,探讨了油套管用钢CO2腐蚀动力学.研究结果表明:油套管用钢P110的CO2腐蚀产物为FeCO3;随腐蚀时间的延长及腐蚀产物膜的形成,平均腐蚀速率逐渐降低、趋势变缓,产物膜生长满足抛物线生长规律;腐蚀产物晶粒逐渐长大并堆垛紧密,逐渐成膜覆盖于金属表面,膜厚先增加后逐渐趋于稳定,对基体保护能力增强;不同腐蚀时间交流阻抗图谱(EIS)的拟合结果表明,极化电阻随着腐蚀时间增加逐渐增大,电极反应由最初的活化控制变为扩散控制.     

温度对油套管用钢腐蚀速率的影响

通过模拟塔里木油田现场环境进行腐蚀试验,研究井下不同井段腐蚀环境下KO110和3Cr110油套管用钢的腐蚀形态以及腐蚀速率,确定表面腐蚀产物的成分.结果表明:在90℃附近两种材料出现腐蚀速率的最大值,KO110为9.9437mm/a,3Cr110为5.9734mm/a;3Cr110在低温下(90℃以下)的腐蚀速率远小于KO110,在90℃以上与KO110的腐蚀速率相当,甚至要高于KO110;KO110局部腐蚀相当严重,3Cr110表现出了良好的抗局部腐蚀性能,在整个温度区间,局部腐蚀很轻微.     

CO2/H2S共存条件下集输管道选材的新方法及应用

在CO₂/H₂S共存条件下集输管道中,管道发生腐蚀的可能性急剧增大,因此集输管道的选材至关重要。若选择管材级别较低,则会严重影响管道的正常生产;若管材级别较高,会引起经济成本的浪费。为了使集输管道在CO₂/H₂S共存条件下选材更加合理。在CO₂/H₂S共存腐蚀速率预测模型的基础上,提出了一种新的集输管道选材方法,新方法的步骤为：计算材质的均匀腐蚀速率,腐蚀速率应满足NACE 标准中腐蚀速率的控制值(小于0.076mm/a),结合管道的设计寿命、剩余强度和经济性评价,确定在CO₂/H₂S共存体系下集输管道的材质。以某油田集输管道为示例,根据新方法选择的材质与实验得到的管材结果一致,验证了新方法的准确性。集输管道选材新方法在保证集输管道安全运行的前提下,能够有效降低管材质选择的成本,有利于保证集输管道的安全性和经济性。     

Corrosion behavior and mechanism of the automotive hot-dip galvanized steel with alkaline mud adhesion

The corrosion behavior and mechanism of hot-dip galvanized steel and interstitial-free (IF) substrate with alkaline mud adhesion were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization. The results show that non-uniform corrosion occurs on the galvanized steel and IF substrate during 250 h with the mud adhesion. The corrosion products on the galvanized steel are very loose and porous, which are mainly ZnO, Zn₅(OH)₈C₁₂·H₂O and Zn(OH)₂, and Fe-Zn alloy layer with a lower corrosion rate is exposed on the galvanized steel surface; however, the corrosion products on IF substrate are considerably harder and denser, whose compositions of rust are mainly FeOOH and Fe₃O₄, and several pits appear on their surface. The results of continuous EIS and linear polarization measurements exhibit a corrosion mechanism, that is, under activation control, the charge transfer resistances present different tendencies between the galvanized steel and IF substrate; in addition, the evolution of linear polarization resistances is similar to that of charge transfer resistances. The higher contents of dissolved oxygen and Cl- ions in the mud play an important role in accelerating the corrosion.     

冷凝液硫含量对SUS444铁素体不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

利用冷凝液浸蚀-高温氧化循环腐蚀法模拟汽车排气系统内部服役环境,借助失重分析、腐蚀形貌观察及腐蚀产物分析,研究了SUS444不锈钢在不同硫含量的冷凝液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,随着腐蚀循环次数的增加,不锈钢表面不断沉积的FeSO_4·7H_2O、Fe(NH_4)(SO_4)_2及Fe_4(SO_4)_5(OH)_2·18H_2O等硫酸盐物质加速了不锈钢的腐蚀进程,其点蚀深度及腐蚀速率均随冷凝液中硫含量的升高而增加。     

基于THz-TDS技术的钢板锈蚀厚度的无损检测

针对现有无损检测技术对钢板材料早期锈蚀厚度难以实现精确检测的问题,基于非接触无损的太赫兹时域光谱（THz-TDS）技术,利用太赫兹（THz）波对非极性材料的透射性及对极性金属材料的反射性,测定了锈蚀产物的光学参数信息和钢板的锈蚀层厚度. 试验结果表明,在有效频率0.2~1.6 THz范围内,锈蚀产物的折射率近似为2.8. 反射THz信号的第一相对幅值与样品的锈蚀时间呈对数函数关系,且与锈蚀时间的倒数呈线性关系. 试验结果还表明,钢板样品锈蚀层厚度随锈蚀时间的增加呈线性递增关系,且利用THz技术测定的厚度值准确率达到90%以上. 从而证明了非接触式THz-TDS技术对钢板锈蚀厚度检测的可行性和精确性.     

Effects of laser heat treatment on the fracture morphologies of X80 pipeline steel welded joints by stress corrosion

The surfaces of X80 pipeline steel welded joints were processed with a CO₂ laser, and the effects of laser heat treatment (LHT) on H₂S stress corrosion in the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) solution were analyzed by a slow strain rate test. The fracture morphologies and chemical components of corrosive products before and after LHT were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, respectively, and the mechanism of LHT on stress corrosion cracking was discussed. Results showed that the fracture for welded joints was brittle in its original state, while it was transformed to a ductile fracture after LHT. The tendencies of hydrogen-induced corrosion were reduced, and the stress corrosion sensitivity index decreased from 35.2% to 25.3%, indicating that the stress corrosion resistance of X80 pipeline steel welded joints has been improved by LHT.     

Effects of silty sand on CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> corrosion behavior of low-Cr tubing steel

An experimental study was carried out to assess the effects of silty sand on the CO 2 corrosion behavior of 1 wt% Cr (1Cr) and 3 wt% Cr (3Cr) tubing steel under 0.5 MPa CO 2 at 100°C and 1.5 m/s flow velocity.The 1Cr and 3Cr specimens both suffered general corrosion,but the surface was coarser in the pure CO 2 corrosion environment.Under silty sand conditions,severe pitting corrosion occurred on the 1Cr specimens and some acicular pitting appeared on the 3Cr specimens.The average corrosion rates of 1Cr and 3Cr steels increased by factors of 3 and 1.6,respectively.The corrosion products were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),X-ray diffraction (XRD),and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The results show that silty sand acts as an inclusion in corrosion product films and reduces the homogeneity and density of the products,rather than abrading the corrosion film.Ion-diffusion channels may build up around the irregular silty sand;this would degrade the protective capabilities of the product films and aggravate corrosion.     

Effect of Ca on CO2 corrosion properties of X65 pipeline steel

The effect of Ca²⁺ on CO₂ corrosion to X65 pipeline steel was investigated in the simulated stratum water of an oil field containing different concentrations of Ca²⁺. It is found that Ca²⁺ can enhance the corrosion rate, especially in the Ca²⁺ concentration from 256 to 512 mg/L, which can be attributed to the growing grain size and loosing structure of corrosion scales with increasing Ca²⁺ concentration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations reveal that a complex carbonate (Fe, Ca)CO₃ forms at high Ca²⁺ concentration due to the gradual replacement of Fe²⁺ in FeCO₃ by Ca²⁺.     

Electrochemical and analytical characterization of three corrosion inhibitors of steel in simulated concrete pore solutions

Corrosion inhibitors for steel, such as sodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄), sodium nitrite (NaNO₂), and benzotriazole (BTA), in simulated concrete pore solutions (saturated Ca(OH)₂) were investigated. Corrosion behaviors of steel in different solutions were studied by means of corrosion potential (E_corr), linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) was used for observing the microstructures and morphology of corrosion products of steel. The results indicate that, compared with the commonly used nitrite-based inhibitors, Na₃PO₄ is not a good inhibitor, while BTA may be a potentially effective inhibitor to prevent steel from corrosion in simulated concrete pore solutions.     

混凝土中钢筋锈蚀过程非氧 扩散控制的试验研究

通过恒温干燥试验研究了钢筋锈蚀电流随混凝土孔隙饱和度PS的变化规律.通过未锈浸泡、锈蚀后浸泡、锈蚀后继续自然锈蚀的对比试验研究了3种不同条件下钢筋锈蚀速率变化过程,并进行了浸泡前后钢筋锈蚀产物物相变化的XRD分析.恒温干燥试验的研究结果表明,混凝土内钢筋的锈蚀速率随混凝土孔隙饱和度PS的增大而增大,和氧扩散速率的变化规律截然相反.对比试验研究表明,氯盐溶液长期浸泡下未锈试件即使活化也无法锈蚀,而锈蚀试件却可以继续高速锈蚀3个月以上,从而说明氧仅是混凝土内钢筋开始锈蚀的必备条件,而不是混凝土中钢筋锈蚀过程的控制因素.XRD分析表明,钢筋一旦已经开始锈蚀(即有锈蚀产物存在),锈蚀产物中FeOOH可以取代氧成为钢筋锈蚀过程阴极反应的新的去极化,即使在饱水条件下,钢筋的锈蚀仍然可以继续进行.