n次幂变厚度环形超声聚能器径向振动特性

对剖面厚度按n次幂函数变化的环形超声聚能器的径向振动特性进行研究.基于机电类比原理,推导出环形聚能器的径向振动机电等效电路及其径向共振频率方程,给出了聚能器的位移振幅放大系数表达式,探讨了第1、2阶共振聚能器位移振幅放大系数及共振频率与其半径比的关系.计算表明,聚能器基频随半径比增大而降低,而第2阶共振频率随半径比变化存在1个极小值.此外,振幅放大系数随幂次n增高而增大,第2阶共振具有更高的振幅放大系数.有限元仿真结果与理论相吻合.     

纵-径耦合型超声功率合成振动系统的研究?

对复合式径向功率合成超声振动系统进行了研究。该系统由纵向超声换能器与等厚度狭缝式环形聚能器径向耦合而成。基于弹性力学理论及机电类比原理,推导出狭缝式环形聚能器径向振动等效电路及共振频率方程,并得出其径向位移振幅放大系数表达式,给出了其第1、第2阶径向共振频率与半径比的变化关系。理论与有限元结果表明：狭缝式环形聚能器的位移振幅放大系数在其第2阶共振模式下存在1个极大值。对超声功率合成振动系统的共振频率进行测试,结果表明,理论、仿真及实验结果吻合较好。     

幂函数剖面环形超声聚能器的振动特性及其仿真分析

对剖面厚度按幂函数变化的环形超声聚能器的径向振动特性进行了理论分析.基于机电类比原理,推导出环形聚能器径向振动的机电等效电路及其共振频率方程,给出了其位移振幅放大系数的表达式;探讨了聚能器第一、第二阶共振聚能器位移振幅放大系数及共振频率与其半径比的关系.计算表明:聚能器基频随半径比增大而降低;而第二阶共振频率随半径比变化存在一极小值.此外,振幅放大系数随幂次n增高而增大;第二阶共振具有更高的振幅放大系数.有限元仿真结果与理论吻合.     

阶梯形截面环行聚能器扭转振动

对各向同性弹性薄圆环的扭转振动进行研究,给出了其等效电路.在此基础上,对由双金属圆环组成的阶梯形扭转振动聚能器进行了探讨,推出了其扭转振动的复合等效电路及其共振频率方程及角速度放大系数.利用数值方法分析了共振频率以及位移振幅放大系数与其集合尺寸之间的依赖关系.有限元模态分析表明:理论值与仿真值符合很好,这对阶梯形截面环状聚能器的工程设计具有参考价值.     

径向夹心式复合换能器径向振动特性研究

研究了一种新型径向夹心式复合换能器的径向振动。该换能器由径向极化的压电陶瓷圆环及内外金属环构成。获得了压电环及金属环的机电等效电路,根据机械边界条件,得到换能器的三端机电等效电路,并求得换能器的频率方程。得到共振频率反共振频率以及有等效机电耦合系数与复合换能器几何尺寸间的理论关系。同时用有限元方法对换能器的径向振动进行模拟仿真,并实验测量了换能器的共振与反共振频率。结果表明,理论计算、模拟仿真以及实验测量结果符合较好。     

一种新型径向复合压电陶瓷超声换能器径向振动特性研究

研制了一种新型径向复合压电陶瓷超声换能器,并对其径向振动特性进行了理论及实验研究.该换能器由一个厚度方向极化的压电陶瓷薄圆环及一个金属圆环组成.对压电陶瓷圆环和金属圆环的径向振动分别进行了分析,得到了各自机电等效电路.在此基础上,利用换能器径向力及径向振动速度的连续条件,得出了压电陶瓷径向复合超声换能器机电等效电路及其共振频率方程.分析了换能器的共振及反共振频率、有效机电耦合系数与其几何尺寸之间的关系.结果表明,在换能器压电陶瓷圆环内外半径保持一定情况下,换能器半径比增大时,共振及反共振频率随之增大.对于换能器第一阶径向振动,其有效机电耦合系数随半径比增大单调增大,而第二阶径向振动有效机电耦合系数随半径比增大单调减小.     

新型环形聚能射流形成机理研究

为了解决环形聚能射流稳定性差、速度低等缺点,提出了一种新型环形聚能装药结构,基于正交优化方法,采用Autodyn软件对新型环形聚能装药结构进行了优化设计,给出了药型罩壁厚、药型罩曲率半径、聚焦装置锥角、喷孔直径及壳体厚度对射流头部轴向及径向速度的影响,优化出了径向偏转速度低的新型环形聚能射流,并进行了实验验证,实验结果与数值模拟结果基本一致.数值模拟及实验结果均表明,文中提出的新型环形聚能装药结构能够形成环形破孔,在钢靶上破孔直径107 mm,深度28 mm.      

管形径向复合压电陶瓷超声换能器

对一种圆管形径向复合压电陶瓷超声换能器径向振动特性进行研究.该换能器由径向极化薄壁压电陶瓷短圆管与薄壁金属短圆管径向复合而成.基于弹性力学理论和机电类比原理,建立了换能器径向振动机电类比等效电路,并推导出其径向共振频率、反共振频率方程及有效机电耦合系数的解析式.实验加工了一些径向复合换能器样品,并对其径向共振频率及有效机电耦合系数进行了测试.结果表明,理论与实验测试结果相吻合.     

热超声封装高频换能器的动力学优化设计

为提高热超声封装效率、降低封装温度,研究了高频超声换能器的动力学优化设计．基于一维振动和波动理论,建立了换能器的解析模型,得到了压电振子、指数形聚能器和劈刀的波动方程．借助有限元分析软件ANSYS参数化建模,分别对压电振子和聚能器进行优化设计．考虑材料、形状和尺寸对其振动特性的影响,得到了换能器最优模型．通过阻抗分析仪和多普勒激光测振仪对换能器进行电谐振和机械谐振测试．实验结果表明,该换能器在其工作频率附近不存在非纵振模态和其它寄生的振动形式,从而方便了超声信号发生器设计.     

环形肋板动反力分析

基于弹性波传播理论和板的弯曲振动方程，分析了环形薄板的伸缩振动和弯曲振动的特性，推导了与边界位移、振动频率有关动反力的方程，并计算了径向动反力随周向波数ｎ和振动频率变化的趋势．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.