Fe-24Mn-Ge合金的顺磁-反铁磁及γ→ε马氏体转变

通过磁化率、电阻率和组织结构分析及形状记忆效应测定等手段研究了Fe-24Mn-Ge合金顺磁-铁磁转变和γ→ε马氏体转变。结果表明：Ge降低尼耳温度（TN）的同时增加合金的磁化率，尼尔点所对应磁化率峰值随Ge含量的上升变高变尖，并促使合金由泡利顺磁性向具有局域磁矩的居里-外斯顺磁性转变。Ge还显著提高Fe-24Mn合金奥氏体与ε马氏休珠电阻率，且提高ε马氏体电阻率作用明显大于奥氏体。Ge含量升高时，ε马氏体量明显减少，同一晶粒内ε马氏体相互交截程度减弱，表明Ge抑制Fe-24Mn合金的γ→ε马氏体转变，但Ge对Fe-24Mn合金的形状记忆效应影响并不显著。     

Fe-24Mn-Ge合金的顺磁-反铁磁及γ→∈马氏体转变

通过磁化率、电阻率和组织结构分析及形状记忆效应测定等手段研究了 Fe- 2 4 Mn- Ge合金顺磁 -反铁磁转变和 γ→ ε马氏体转变 .结果表明 :Ge降低尼耳温度 (TN)的同时增加合金的磁化率 ,尼尔点所对应磁化率峰值随 Ge含量的上升变高变尖 ,并促使合金由泡利顺磁性向具有局域磁矩的居里 -外斯顺磁性转变 .Ge还显著提高 Fe- 2 4 Mn合金奥氏体与 ε马氏体的电阻率 ,且提高 ε马氏体电阻率作用明显大于奥氏体 .Ge含量升高时 ,ε马氏体量明显减少 ,同一晶粒内 ε马氏体相互交截程度减弱 ,表明 Ge抑制 Fe- 2 4 Mn合金的 γ→ ε马氏体转变 ,但 Ge对 Fe- 2 4 Mn合金的形状记忆效应影响并不显著     

Fe-20Mn-2.6Al-2.6Si钢拉伸变形机理研究

采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜研究了Fe-20Mn-2.6Al-2.6Si TRIP/TWIP钢在不同变形量下的微观组织变化.结果表明:在应变初期,主要是形成层错和位错;随应变的增大,γ奥氏体相逐渐减少,ε马氏体相和α马氏体相增多;在断裂阶段,主要组成相为α马氏体,即Fe-20Mn-2.6Al-2.6Si钢在拉伸变形过程中主要发生γ→ε→α或γ→α相变诱导塑性变形.金相组织表明:该钢变形量达到6.5%时,开始出现许多平直的条纹(通常称为形变孪晶);但高分辨透射电镜研究表明:不同程度变形后的微观组织都难以观察到形变孪晶,而那些金相组织和低倍透射电镜照片上的平直条纹往往是ε马氏体相,这进一步证实该钢的变形机制主要是TRIP效应.     

Fe,Mn—Si—Cr合金中γ→ε马氏体相变及其逆相变的内耗特征

用静电音频内耗仪测试了Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ－Ｃｒ形状记忆合金在－１００￣３００℃温度范围内耗及模量变化,研究了γ→ε马氏体相变及其逆相变的内耗特征。结果表明,γ→ε马氏体相变及其逆相变具有不同的机制,在相变过程中未出现软模现象,可见该合金的层错形核可能无需点阵软化。相变过程中的模量变化归因子于ε相模量高于γ相的模量。     

Fe—Mn—Si基合金共格界面能的离散点阵平面分析

结合合金的相变热力学对离散点阵平面（DLP）模型进行了改进,使之能够处理多元置换型合金中诸如马氏体与奥氏体这类化学成分相同而结构不同的两相共格界面能。利用改进的DLP模型计算了Fe-Mn-Si基合金的{111}fcc//{0001}hcp共格界面能,分析了温度、合金成分对它的影响,结果表明,与它们对层错能的影响一致。体系的共格界面能作为马氏体相变临界驱动力△GMs^γ→ε中的阻力项所占的比例小于10%。     

Fe-Cr-Mn(W,V)合金中层错和fcc(γ)→hcp(ε)转变特征

利用TEM和X射线衍射仪对固溶态、固溶空冷态和固溶冰水淬火态亚稳奥氏体Fe-12Cr-10Mn(W,V)合金(84),以及固溶态、固溶+拉伸变形态稳定奥氏体Fe-13Cr-17Mn(W,V)合金(85N)中γ→ε转变与层错之间的关系进行了研究,并对影响γ→ε马氏体转变的合金元素进行了分析,提出了进一步提高合金相稳定性的措施。     

CoMn合金中的马氏体相奕和形状记忆效应

研究了CoMn合金中的γγ(fcc)-ε(hcp)马氏体相关,并测量了合金的形状记忆效应（SME）,结果表明,该合金的马氏体相变具有典型的γ→ε马氏体相变体相变特征,它在发生马氏体相变时,内耗峰并不对应于母相模量的下降,其形核无需籍软模或区域软模,通过训练可以改善CoMn合金的SME,对改善的原因进行了初步的探讨。     

Fe-Mn-Si基形状记忆合金的奈尔温度(TN)对马氏体相变的影响

用静电音频内耗仪测量了 Fe- 30 .3Mn- 6 .1Si,Fe- 2 9.0 5 Mn- 6 .2 7Si- RE,Fe- 2 6 .4Mn- 6 .0 2 Si- 5 .2 Cr形状记忆合金在 15 0～ 6 0 0 K温度范围的内耗及模量变化 ,确定了三种合金的 TN 温度及 MS温度 ,通过计算 ε→ γ相变内耗峰的面积 ,研究了奈尔温度 TN 对 γ→ ε马氏体相变的影响 .结果表明 :合金成分显著地影响 TN 温度 ,其中 RE和 Cr均降低 TN 温度 .随着 TN 温度的降低 ,MS- TN 温度差增大 ,TN 温度对马氏体相变的抑制作用降低 ,使马氏体形成量增加 ,进而使 ε→ γ相变峰的面积即逆相变量增大 .     

Fe—Mn—Si基形状记忆合金的奈尔温度（TN）对马氏体相变...

用静电音频内耗仪测量了Ｆｅ－３０．３Ｍｎ－６．１Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ－２９．０５Ｍｎ－６．２７Ｓｉ－ＲＥ,Ｆｅ－２６．４Ｍｎ－６．０２Ｓｉ－５．２Ｃｒ形状记忆合金在１５０￣６００Ｋ温度范围的内耗及模量变化,确定了三种合金的ＴＮ温度及Ｍｓ温度,通过计算ε→γ相变内耗峰的面积,研究了奈尔温度ＴＮ对γ→ε马氏体相变的影响。结果表明,合金成分显著地影响ＴＮ温度,其中ＲＥ和Ｃｒ均降低ＴＮ温度。随着ＴＮ温度的降低,Ｍｓ     

Fe-Mn-Si形状记忆合金fc(γ)→hcp(ε)马氏体相变温度的热力学预报

借助于Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金层错几率Ｐｓｆ的Ｘ射线测量,计算了Ｐｓｆ与合金成分的关系,得到Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ三元系的１／Ｐｓｆ表达式．结合层错形核的热力学模型,经回归得Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金ｆｃ（γ）→ｈｃｐ（ε）马氏体相变的临界相变驱动力和Ｐｓｆ的关系式,进而得到临界相变驱动力与合金成分的关系．借助Ｐｓｆ建立了成分与相变驱动力之间的关系,结合有关热力学分析计算得到的Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ合金γ和ε两相Ｇｉｂｂｓ自由能曲线,预报了Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ三元系合金的ｆｃｃ（γ）→ｈｃｐ（ε）马氏体相变的温度．     

锰对中锰耐磨钢组织形态及相变的影响

通过DIL805A热分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜、力学分析等方法研究Mn对中锰耐磨钢组织形态、相变及力学性能的影响.随着Mn的质量分数以2％的增量从3％提高到9％,室温奥氏体含量逐渐增多,抗拉强度及硬度逐渐降低,抗拉强度和室温奥氏体体积分数都在5％到7％时变化明显,马氏体与奥氏体的位向关系发生改变,马氏体形态类型逐渐由亚结构以位错为主的板条状α马氏体变化为亚结构以位错、相变内孪晶和层错为主的束状细片α马氏体和细片状ε马氏体.     

预处理组织对低碳钢IQ&P工艺下组织及性能影响

采用γ单相区和γ+α双相区轧制并淬火工艺以及双相区再加热-淬火-碳配分( IQ&P)工艺,研究预处理组织对低碳钢室温状态多相组织特征及力学性能的影响规律. 实验用低碳钢经两种工艺轧制并淬火处理,获得马氏体和马氏体+铁素体的预处理组织,再经双相区IQ&P工艺处理后均获得多相组织. 马氏体预处理钢的室温组织由板条状亚温铁素体、块状回火马氏体以及一定比例的针状未回火马氏体和8. 2%的针状残余奥氏体组成;马氏体+铁素体预处理钢由板条状亚温铁素体、块状和针状未回火马氏体以及14. 3%的短针状或块状残余奥氏体组成. 在相同的双相区IQ&P工艺参数下,预处理组织为马氏体的钢抗拉强度为770 MPa,伸长率为28%,其强塑积为21560 MPa·%;而预处理组织为马氏体+铁素体的钢抗拉强度为834 MPa,伸长率增大到36. 2%,强塑积达到30190 MPa·%,获得强度与塑性的优良结合.     

Effect of lower bainite/martensite/retained austenite triplex microstructure on the mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel with quenching and partitioning process

We present a study concerning Fe–0.176C–1.31Si–1.58Mn–0.26Al–0.3Cr (wt%) steel subjected to a quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process. The results of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tensile tests demonstrate that the microstructures primarily consist of lath martensite, retained austenite, lower bainite (LB), and a small amount of tempered martensite; moreover, few twin austenite grains were observed. In the microstructure, three types of retained austenite with different sizes and morphologies were observed: blocky retained austenite (~300 nm in width), film-like retained austenite (80–120 nm in width), and ultra- fine film-like retained austenite (30–40 nm in width). Because of the effect of the retained austenite/martensite/LB triplex microstructure, the specimens prepared using different quenching temperatures exhibit high ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. Furthermore, the strength effect of LB can partially counteract the decreasing strength effect of martensite. The formation of LB substantially reduces the amount of retained austenite. Analyses of the retained austenite and the amount of blocky retained austenite indicated that the carbon content is critical to the total elongation of Q&P steel.     

退火时间对中锰热轧TRIP钢组织演变的影响

为了研究热轧Fe-6Mn-3Al TRIP钢组织演变和力学性能,对实验钢采用淬火+不同时间退火(ART)的热处理工艺.研究发现,随着退火时间的增加,奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大、稳定性降低,冷却过程中部分奥氏体相变为马氏体;其中退火10 min后,实验钢性能最优,其残余奥氏体体积分数能达到50.3%,抗拉强度765 M Pa,总延伸率达到49.1%;拉断后实验钢中的奥氏体含量减少,马氏体含量增加,其中,退火10 min后的实验钢TRIP效应最为明显,奥氏体体积分数由变形前的50.3%降低到变形后的11%,奥氏体转化率为78%.     

预变形量对Fe-19Mn和Fe-19Mn-1.5Si合金阻尼性能的影响

采用倒扭摆法评价了Fe 19Mn合金和Fe 19Mn 1.5Si合金在不同预变形量下的阻尼性能,并通过光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了合金的微观组织形貌和层错几率.结果表明：预变形量小于4%时,由于Fe 19Mn和Fe 19Mn 1.5Si合金的层错数量增加而使其阻尼性能提高;预变形量在4%~10%时,Fe 19Mn合金的层错数量不断增加,但由于马氏体和层错的相互交割严重、层错和马氏体变得短小以及Shockley不全位错的脱钉运动困难,致使其阻尼性能反而下降;而由于Fe 19Mn 1.5Si中Si具有固溶强化和降低层错能的作用,合金本身的马氏体和层错较小,预变形量对其影响不大,即变形不改变Shockley不全位错的脱钉难度,故其阻尼性能继续保持稳定增长.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of C-Mn-Cr-Nb and C-Mn-Si-Nb ultra-high strength dual-phase steels

The microstructures and mechanical properties of C-Mn-Cr-Nb and C-Mn-Si-Nb ultra-high strength dual-phase steels were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and tensile test. The results show that Si can promote the transformation of austenite (γ) to ferrite (α), enlarge the (α+γ) region, and increase the aging stability of martensite by inhibiting carbide precipitation. Adding Cr leads to the formation of retained austenite and martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents, as well as the decomposition of martensite during the overaging stage. Both of the steels show higher initial strain-hardening rates and two-stage strain-hardening characteristics. The C-Mn-Si-Nb steel shows the higher strain-hardening rate than the C-Mn-Cr-Nb steel in the first stage; however, there is no significant difference in the second stage. Although the tensile strength and elongation of the two steels both exceed 1000 MPa and 15%, respectively, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the C-Mn-Si-Nb steel are superior.     

Martensite transformation induced by deformation and its phase electrochemical behavior for stainless steels AISI 304 and 316L

The martensite transformation induced by tensile elongation and its effect on the behavior of phase electrochemistry of AISI 304 and 316L in 3.5% NaCl solution were studied. The results show that the content of α'-martensite in stainless steel 304 increases with the true strain. As α'-martensite content increased, free corrosion potential and pitting potential of stainless steel 304 in 3.5% NaCl solution appeared the change trend of a minimum. It was also found that pitting nucleated preferentially at the phase interfaces between martensite and austenite. There existed apparent difference between electrochemical properties of austenite and of martensite for stainless steel 304 and 316L in 3.5% NaCl solution.     

低碳中锰Q690F高强韧中厚板生产技术

对低碳中锰Q690F高强韧中厚板进行了控扎控冷和热处理工艺试验，观察了显微组织，测定了拉伸和冲击性能，并阐述了其强韧化机制.结果表明:中锰钢的显微组织为亚微米尺度的回火马氏体+逆转变奥氏体的复合层状组织.中锰中厚板1/4厚度位置的屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率、-60℃冲击功分别为725MPa，840MPa，27.7%，130J.逆转变奥氏体发生相变诱导塑性(TRIP)效应产生的应变硬化是中锰钢主要的强化机制;TRIP效应吸收大量的应变能，推迟颈缩，增加均匀延伸率，是中锰钢主要的增塑机制;TRIP效应有效地提高了裂纹形成功和裂纹扩展功，是中锰钢主要的韧化机制.     

Influence of original microstructure on the transformation behavior and mechanical properties of ultra-high-strength TRIP-aided steel

The transformation behavior and tensile properties of an ultra-high-strength transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel (0.2C-2.0Si-1.8Mn) were investigated by different heat treatments for automobile applications. The results show that F-TRIP steel, a traditional TRIP steel containing as-cold-rolled ferrite and pearlite as the original microstructure, consists of equiaxed grains of intercritical ferrite surrounded by discrete particles of M/RA and B. In contrast, M-TRIP steel, a modified TRIP-aided steel with martensite as the original microstructure, containing full martensite as the original microstructure is comprised of lath-shaped grains of ferrite separated by lath-shaped martensite/retained austenite and bainite. Most of the austenite in F-TRIP steel is granular, while the austenite in M-TRIP steel is lath-shaped. The volume fraction of the retained austenite as well as its carbon content is lower in F-TRIP steel than in M-TRIP steel, and austenite grains in M-TRIP steel are much finer than those in F-TRIP steel. Therefore, M-TRIP steel was concluded to have a higher austenite stability, resulting in a lower transformation rate and consequently contributing to a higher elongation compared to F-TRIP steel. Work hardening behavior is also discussed for both types of steel.     

新一代热轧TRIP钢的研究

对热轧后等温淬火的热轧Si-Mn TRIP钢进行了研究,通过对该钢的组织性能检测,讨论了其相变诱发塑性(TRIP)机制.结果表明:热轧Si-Mn TRIP钢中发生了残余奥氏体的应变诱导马氏体相变,表现出抗拉强度和总延伸率的良好配合.残余奥氏体的稳定性随等温保温时间的增加而增加,进一步增加等温时间则又使残余奥氏体稳定性降低.等温25 min时力学性能最佳,抗拉强度、总延伸率和强韧性平衡分别达到了774 MPa,33%和25 542 MPa%的最高值.