同时实现版权保护与内容认证的半易损水印方案

提出一种基于量化的半易损水印方案,能够在不参考原图的情况下对数字图像同时进行版权保护和内容真实性认证.本文算法一方面具有较好的鲁棒性,能够在水印图像遭受攻击以后仍然检测到图像的版权,另一方面具有较好的敏感性,既允许对水印图像进行一般性处理,又能检测并反映出水印图像被篡改的区域.实验结果表明本文算法在同时保护数字图像的版权和内容真实性方面是可行的.     

一种基于混沌理论的图像Hash算法

为了对数字图像进行快速有效的认证,提出了基于混沌理论的对数字图像进行认证的Hash算法.首先提出了按块对图像进行量化的思想,构造出图像矩阵,采用了混沌理论的Logistic映射方法,对图像矩阵进行置乱得到置乱矩阵,然后构造出差值矩阵,使用N次混浊调制生成调制矩阵,对调制矩阵进行二值化量化得到1 bit的Hash序列,通过多次调制和量化从而得到图像的Hash序列.仿真实验结果表明,算法能够有效认证数字图像,同时对于图像的缩放认证,算法也表现出较好的性能.     

一种基于混沌理论的图像Hash算法

为了对数字图像进行快速有效的认证,提出了基于混沌理论的对数字图像进行认证的Hash算法。首先提出了按块对图像进行量化的思想,构造出图像矩阵,采用了混沌理论的Logistic映射方法,对图像矩阵进行置乱得到置乱矩阵,然后构造出差值矩阵,使用N次混浊调制生成调制矩阵,对调制矩阵进行二值化量化得到1bit的Hash序列,通过多次调制和量化从而得到图像的Hash序列。仿真实验结果表明,算法能够有效认证数字图像,同时对于图像的缩放认证,算法也表现出较好的性能。     

一种基于小波系数和混沌序列的图像认证方法

提出了一个新的基于小波系数和混沌序列的图像认证方法.首先对图像进行小波变换,利用混沌序列对低频系数进行编码,然后对编码后的系数进行小波逆变换得到处理后的图像.进而把加密后版权信息插入到图像的LSB,从而保证数字图像的完整性和真实性.实验表明,该算法是一个有效的、实用的图像认证算法.     

基于分数傅里叶变换的数字图像复制-粘贴篡改检测算法

复制-粘贴篡改是最简单和最常见的一种数字图像伪造方法,即把图像中的一部分区域进行复制并粘贴到同幅图像的其他区域,数字图像篡改认证具有重要的理论意义和应用价值.文章提出了一种新的采用分数阶傅里叶变换对数字图像复制-粘贴区域进行检测的算法.算法首先对待检测图像进行一级小波变换,降低图像维度.对变换后的低频子带分解成大小一样、互相重叠的子块.然后对子块进行分数阶傅里叶变换,将变换系数构成特征矢量.再对所有特征矢量进行字典排序.最后通过比较相邻两块特征矢量之差以定位复制-粘贴篡改区域.实验结果表明,提出的算法能有效地检测数字图像的复制-粘贴伪造区域.     

基于混沌映射的图像认证技术

针对脆弱水印认证算法的篡改定位精度及安全性问题,提出了一种篡改检测和定位分离的图像认证方案.将原始图像的像素灰度值映射为混沌初值,经过若干次迭代生成检测水印和定位水印,然后将其嵌入到像素灰度值的低两位.利用混沌对初值的极端敏感性,能够精确地定位对含水印图像的篡改,并且水印提取无需宿主图像.实验结果表明本算法能够检测出任何对图像像素值的改变和对图像完整性的破坏,同时可将篡改定位到单个像素,有效地实现了对数字图像的精确认证.     

可恢复的脆弱数字水印图像认证算法

提出一种用于图像内容认证和保护的脆弱数字图像水印算法。本算法新颖之处是在图像中嵌入定位和恢复两种水印,通过两种水印的提取检测,不但可以定位图像中的任何细微篡改,还可恢复被篡改的图像数据;此外,算法采用由密钥控制水印的生成和检测,保证了水印的安全性和保密性;经实验验证,该算法不但可以有效地检测出图像中被篡改数据的位置,而且能较好的恢复被篡改的区域。     

用于电子发票凭据篡改检测与恢复的认证水印算法

综合考虑文件大小、篡改检测性能和恢复质量,提出了一种适用于电子发票凭据真实性认证的GIF图像水印算法.该算法根据电子发票特性将图像块划分为重要块和非重要块两类,对所有图像块结合内容和类型码生成认证水印并嵌入自身的最低有效位,然后对重要块生成变长恢复水印,并基于密钥和重要块比例自适应选择多个非重要块携带水印信息,以使含水印图像的质量和文件大小最优.通过认证水印、类型码和恢复水印三层比较实现了对图像块的真实性认证.图像块分类仅对重要块生成变长恢复水印,能有效降低水印嵌入容量,不仅提高了含水印图像的质量,而且使含水印电子发票的GIF图像文件较小,同时三层比较检测还提高了算法的篡改检测性能.与现有同类认证水印算法相比,文中算法可在不降低篡改检测与恢复性能的基础上,使含水印电子发票图像的GIF文件减小1/2.     

基于环形自同构的半脆弱图像水印认证算法

提出一种基于环形自同构的半脆弱数字图像水印认证算法,依据环形自同构结合图像DCT系数和图像版权信息生成水印,嵌入原始图像,水印的嵌入位置也由环形自同构决定。认证端从接收的图像中提取水印并恢复版权信息,同时生成新的水印,比较提取的水印和新的水印定位篡改区域。实验结果表明,该方法能够容忍一定程度有损压缩处理并检测定位对图像内容的恶意篡改,同时可恢复图像版权信息。     

基于整数小波零嵌入的多类数字水印算法

;基于整数小波变换和SPIHT搜索小波零树理论,提出一种整数小波零嵌入的多类数字水印算法:将用于版权保护的鲁棒水印进行零嵌入,再将用于数据完整性认证的脆弱水印分别嵌入到小波域不同方向的细节子代中.通过对含水印图像的攻击实验表明,该算法兼具鲁棒性和脆弱敏感性,且篡改定位较精确,水印检测时不需要原始图像的参与,是一种有效的数字图像水印方案.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.