均匀设计在肌苷发酵中的应用

采用均匀设计对肌苷工程菌枯草芽孢杆菌株Ｑ２９０１－４－３５（ＳＧｒ）的最佳发酵条件进行了研究。确定发酵培养基配方为（质量分数）葡萄糖１２％ ,药用酵母粉１．４％ ,硫酸铵１．３％ ,玉米浆０．５％ ,Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４·１２Ｈ２Ｏ ０．５％ ,ＫＣｌ０．６％ ,ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ ０．２２％ ,ＣａＣＯ３ ２．０％ ,尿素０．２％ （分消）ｐＨ７．０,在上述发酵培养基中发酵产苷达１５．２０ｇ／Ｌ,该菌株的产苷能力比在原发酵培养基中的产苷能力提高了１０％ 。从而证明均匀设计实验所给回归模型对发酵条件的选择具有重要的指导意义。     

产胞外木聚糖酶青霉菌发酵条件的正交设计试验

正交设计试验结果表明,青霉菌（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ ｓｐ．ｍ８） 胞外木聚糖酶活力达９２．９６ Ｕ／ｍＬ,合适的产酶发酵条件为：培养基（ｇ／Ｌ）,麦草粉４０,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４ ４．４４,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４ １．０,ＭｇＳＯ４ ·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．５,ＮａＣｌ０．３,Ｔｗｅｅｎ ８０ ３．０,ＣａＣＯ３ １．０;每亳升培养基接种２．０×１０５ 个孢子,２８ ℃,水浴振荡培养４ ｄ（１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ）。     

富铬啤酒酵母发酵条件的优化

通过对啤酒酵母富铬发酵条件（发酵培养基配方,发酵时间,发酵温度,接种量,培养基装量）的探讨,得到了富铬啤酒酵母发酵的最佳工艺条件,即：（１）发酵培养基配方：葡萄糖１％、酵母膏０．３％、蛋白胨１．０５％、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．１％、ＭｇＳＯ４７Ｈ２Ｏ０．１％、（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４０．１％、Ｃｒ３＋浓度０．０２ｇ／Ｌ、ｐＨ值５．１;（２）最佳吸收时间：发酵４８ｈ．（３）发酵温度：２８℃;（４）接种量：１０％;（５）培养基装量：５０ｍＬ．     

嘌呤嘧啶类化合物的反相离子对色谱分离及饮料中咖啡因的测定

本文报道了以含７．５％甲醇（Ｖ／Ｖ），１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｃ４Ｈ９）４ＮＢｒ，１０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫＨ２ＰＯ４～Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４缓冲溶液（ｐＨ５．０）作流动相，在ＹＷＧＣ１８柱上，反相离子对色谱法同时分离胞嘧啶、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤、可可碱、尿嘧啶丙酸、茶碱、咖啡因７种碱基及其衍生物的方法，并用于软性饮料中咖啡因的测定，标准加入回收率在９５．３％～１０４．５％之间。     

紫外诱变原生质体选育碱性蛋白酶高产菌株的研究Ⅲ.诱变株的选育及其产酶条件的研究

以地衣芽孢杆菌（ＢａｃｉｌｕｓＬｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）５３号菌为出发菌株，在原生质形成和再生的最佳条件下制备原生质体，并对原生质体进行了多次诱变处理，从大量突变株进行筛选最终获得了高产、稳定、耐热的碱性蛋白酶产生菌株５３－Ｇ３８－６，产酶活力由１１０４Ｕ／ｍｌ提高到２２０８０Ｕ／ｍｌ．该诱变株最适产酶条件为：培养基由质量分数（ｗ／％）为胰蛋白胨１，酵母膏０．５，玉米粉５，Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４１２Ｈ２Ｏ０．４，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．０３，Ｎａ２ＣＯ３０．１组成，ｐＨ自然，培养温度４２℃，培养时间４４～４８ｈ，ｗ／％为０．２的ＣａＣＯ３可提高酶的产量．酶作用的最适条件：６２℃，ｐＨ１０．０，ｐＨ在９～１０之间稳定     

棒曲霉UA—2木聚糖酶的蔗渣固态发酵

棒曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｃｌａｖａｔｕｓ）ＵＡ－２固态发酵蔗渣产木聚酶的培养基为每克蔗渣加营养液５ｍｌ，初始ｐＨ８．５．营养液的适宜组成为每升含：ＮＨ４ＮＯ３１０ｇ、Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４６ｇ、ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．７５ｇ、ＣａＣｌ２０．７５ｇ、ＦｅＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ１１．２５ｍｇ、ＭｎＳＯ４·Ｈ２Ｏ３．７５ｍｇ、ＺｎＳＯ４３．０ｍｇ、ＣｏＣｌ２４．５ｍｇ．在上述培养基中接入其湿重１０％（Ｗ／Ｗ）的新鲜的ＵＡ－２种子曲，２８℃培养１０８ｈ，其木聚糖酶，滤纸降解酶和羧甲基纤维素酶的活力分别为２６９５．６、２８．５和４２．７ｕ／ｇ蔗渣．酶反应的最适ｐＨ５．０，最适温度５０℃；在ｐＨ４．０～１１．０内酶活性十分稳定．５０℃保温１ｈ，酶活剩余５５％，８℃下放置２３ｄ，活力几乎不变．磷酸盐，半胱氨酸对酶有激活作用，ＥＤＴＡ和对氯汞本甲酸对酶有抑制作用     

碘酸钾存在下牛血清白蛋白的极谱催化波

报道ＫＩＯ３存在下牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）的新型极谱催化波。在０．１ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４＾－ＫＨ２ＰＯ４（ｐＨ６．８）缓冲介质中,ＢＳＡ于－０．６０Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ）处产生一个可逆的极谱还原波。用极谱电流法测定ＢＳＡ还原波的电子数,证实该波的ＢＳＡ中的两个双硫键还原所致。     

无机溶盐化学制冷剂的研究

根据化学溶解吸热原理,探索无机溶盐作为新型制冷剂的可行性．给出适用于空调蓄冷技术的几种相变蓄冷介质．对无机盐溶解热效应、溶质盐与溶剂盐的性质、配比组成等因素进行系统研究,分析了制冷后化学物质回收利用对环境污染的影响．实验结果表明,溶质盐应选用溶解度大、吸热值高的ＮＨ４ＮＯ３,ＫＮＯ３,ＮＨ４Ｃｌ,ＫＨＳＯ４等无机盐类;溶剂盐则应选用结晶水多、吸热值高的Ｎａ２ＳＯ４·１０Ｈ２Ｏ,Ｎａ３ＰＯ４·１２Ｈ２Ｏ,Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４·１２Ｈ２Ｏ,Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７·１０Ｈ２Ｏ等．Ｂ组分与４号样品组成的制冷剂效果最佳,最低制冷温度可达－８．５℃．混配盐制冷剂依赖于溶质的性质,但一般难以回收利用．     

白木耳深层发酵培养基的选择

以食用菌白木耳为试验菌种，通过斜面、摇瓶培养及深层发酵正交实验，研究了各培养阶段的基质组成。其结果得出，种子摇瓶培养基（ｇ／１００ｍｌ）：马铃薯２０％、葡萄糖２％、蛋白胨０．２％、ＫＨ_２ＰＯ_４０．１５％、ＭｎＳＯ_４０．０１％、ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ１％。深层发酵培养基组成为：土豆汁１．５％、玉米粉２．０％、麸皮３％、ＫＨ_２ＰＯ_４０．２％、吐温－８０为０．１％，其发酵产物菌丝体中所含粗多糖达１３．２３％，蛋白质含量为３２．８３％、氨基酸为１９．７５ｍｇ／１００ｇ干菌葡萄体，必需氨基酸为７．６７ｍｇ／１００ｇ干菌丝体。     

极弱酸恒pH法测定条件的研究

应用误差理论研究了恒ｐＨ法测定极弱酸时ｐＨ值对浓度和电离常数的误差产生的影响,给出了适宜的ｐＨ值范围：ｐＫａ－０．５〈ｐＨ〈ｐＫａ＋２．０;对ＮＨ４Ｃ１和Ｈ３ＢＯ３进行了实验研究。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-