水稻花药和子房配子无性系的性状比较研究

以水稻花药和子房诱导产生配子愈伤组织无性系。对这两种来源不同的无性系的生长分化、再生力的保持及其育株的绿苗率、染色体倍数性变异进行了比较研究。结果表明,子房产生的雌配子愈伤组织无性系出愈起步早,再生率高,再生性维持时间长,育株的绿苗率高,多倍体变异率大。因此,作者认为利用子房培养产生的这一无性系统是进行细胞诱变、突变体筛选以创造作物新类型的理想系统。     

无性系变异与小麦品种改良

近年来，无性系变异开始应用于农作物品种改良。无性系变异育种是继花药培养花粉单倍体育种技术之后成为实用化的细胞工程育种方法。 1 小麦无性系后代材料变异类型丰富多样，后代稳定快，能基本保持原品种特性 小麦无性系后代材料性状变异几乎包括了小麦的全部形态特征与产量性状等。Larkin等从墨西哥品种Yaque50E的未成熟胚得到数百株再生植株，其后代产生了一系列形态变异，如芒的有无，颖壳和籽粒的颜色，株高增减等。梁竹青等从未成熟胚的愈伤组织获得了数千个再生植株，它们表现了丰富的变异。腾世云等对10个小麦基因型幼胚愈伤组织…     

植物种群生态研究进展

对植物种群生态学近20年在其各个领域所取得的进展及其动态作如下归纳：（1）植物种群生理生态学在向宏观方向发展的同时,由于分子生物学和生物技术的兴起,也向器官细胞和分子水平发展;（2）植物种群繁殖生态主要集中于繁殖分配与繁殖投资、分配通货,生殖值,生活史进化,繁殖时间和频率等;（3）无性系种群生态学主要集中于无性系性、生理整合,克隆生长格局,无性系生长型,等级选择模型和空间拓展性等,（4）植物构件生态主要集中于植物沟件种群动态和形态结构与构件的关系。（5）遗传生态学主要集中在种群遗传结构,变异、分化、适应及其与环境的关系,生态型及其遗传基础,多态性等。（6）植物行为生态学主要对植物觅源生态学研究,并集中在资源分配格局、表型可塑性,资源异质性以及觅源行为和进化,种群统计学主要涉及图解模型和转移矩阵模型,植物种群生理生态、生殖生态、遗传生态以及种群数量动态均与分子机制相关联,因而成为种群生态研究的前沿。     

提高秈稻花培绿苗率的研究

秈稻花培的绿苗率是受各种因子所综合控制的,应用适当的诱导培养基和分化培养基.对花药进行低温予处理等.较好地发挥了综合因子的增效作用.因而使秈稻花培绿苗率提高到了1.7%.禾谷类通用诱导培养基和M_3型的分Ⅰ、分Ⅱ、分Ⅲ培养基以及N_6—PZH_4型的分V培养基配套对提高秈稻绿苗率效果较显著;经低温予处理30—48小时的秈稻花药的诱导效果比不处理高3～4倍;不同的秈稻杂交组合在花培中有较大的差异性。     

小麦-黑麦杂种体细胞无性系高配对突变体的细胞学和AFLP分析

以小麦-黑麦未经组织培养直接结实杂种及幼胚无性系变异再生杂种为材料,观察再生杂种的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ι染色体配对情况,发现杂种幼胚无性系变异再生杂种中存在一些配对频率大幅度提高的突变体,表现在有多个二价体及三价体、四价体.利用原位杂交技术对未经组织培养直接结实杂种及高配对无性系杂种染色体的组成和结构分析,结果显示经过无性系变异提高了W-R、R-R间的联会,表明组织培养对小麦和黑麦染色体配对造成了一定影响;进而利用基因组AFLP技术研究亲本和两种类型的杂种DNA序列上的差异,结果表明各种类型的杂种F1代均发生了广泛的基因组改变,主要表现为小麦、黑麦两亲本片段的缺失,且高配对无性系杂种基因组的变异大于未经组织培养直接结实杂种.本研究为进一步探究高配对变异的分子机理并利用该变异进行染色体重组奠定了基础.     

冬小麦花药愈伤组织无性系穗数变异的研究

从Ｈ１代花药单倍体试管苗（９０－２４３１）基部，取未分化绿苗的胚性愈伤组织建立的体细胞无性系，获得４丛Ｒ１代结实株系。从田间Ｒ２代的观察中发现，Ｒ１代的４株后代中繁衍的８６个单株发生了变异，经过这株变异的Ｒ２Ｒ３代的穗数观察发现：（１）Ｒ２和Ｒ３代单株穗数变异范围大，穗数都明显增多，并且有超亲现象；（２）Ｒ２和Ｒ３代的单株穗数呈显著正相关；（３）穗系间的变异大于穗系内的变异；（４）Ｒ３代有２９％的穗系已稳定。     

植物体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

从细胞学角度探讨了植物体细胞无性系变异的发生机理,阐述了体细胞脱分化的过程和随后进行的第一次细胞分裂术式,以及愈伤组织细胞染色体数目、结构变异的规律和研究进展。     

体细胞无性系变异选育农作物新品种及耐热乌菜的选育

一、体细胞无性系变异育种技术 植物组织与细胞培养技术的发展,已能使近千种植物的组织、细胞或原生质体,经过离体培养再生成完整植株。80年代以来,大量的试验研究资料表明,由组织培养物再生出的植株中存在着广泛的变异,在甘蔗、马铃薯、水稻、小麦、大麦、大豆等重要经济作物中都观察到这种现象,这种组织培养再生植株中出现的变异被称为体细胞无性系变异。无性     

提高水稻花培绿苗频率的研究报告

前言寻求有效手段,迅速提高水稻单倍体绿苗的频率,是加快水稻单倍体育种步伐的基本任务。在目前条件下,我们通过不断调整培养基和培养条件的途径,充分发挥综合因子的(?)效作用,以满足培养材料为实现细胞发育全能性的生理要求,在提高花培成苗频率方面,已初见成效。试以我组一九七四年水稻花培绿苗频率(0.32%)为基数,一九七五年提高一倍,一九七六年提高五倍,一九七七年提高七倍。从一九七四年     

高蛋白籼稻品系H12体细胞无性系变异的研究

以高蛋白籼稻品系H12及其体细胞无性系HE1297、H28、H17、HE10和H1701为材料,进行了无性系变异的研究。结果表明：高蛋白无性系的变异在遗传上具有稳定性,其中千粒重等部分性状的稳定性和整齐度超过了亲本;变异主要在数量性状,与蛋白质含量性状连锁的有株主同、有效分蘖数、直链淀粉、千粒重、粒长等性状,变异方向既有同向也有反向;存在隐性变异,出现了1个糯稻品系H1701;花药培养力的变异非常明显,H12的花药培养力极低,大多数无性系的花药培养力有显著提高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.