7055铝合金半连续铸造过程区域水冷工艺数值模拟

建立了7055铝合金半连续铸造过程的数学模型,采用了有限元模拟软件Procast对铸造过程进行模拟,模拟过程还采用了Procast模拟连铸的MILE算法.通过在结晶器下方设置区域冷却装置刮水板,使半连续铸造的二次冷却水在挡水板位置被阻挡和分流,实现区域冷却效果,保证铸造过程中刮水板下方铸坯自然空冷,铸锭利用自身余温"低温回火",有效降低了铸造内应力,抑制了铸坯开裂.仿真了刮水板不同位置的温度场与应力场的变化情况,模拟结果显示,适当减小区域冷却范围,可有效减小表面裂纹和中心裂纹产生的倾向性.     

低频电磁热顶铸造7050铝合金的表面质量和组织

在传统热顶铸造基础上,开发了一种新的热顶铸造结晶器,并在铸造过程中施加了低频电磁场,得出了稳定铸造φ500 mm 7050高强铝合金铸锭的工艺条件;当电磁场频率为15 Hz、磁场强度为10000 At时,铸造出了表面光滑的铸锭.采用偏光显微镜(Leica DMI)观察试样,分析试样的微观组织.实验结果表明:铸造过程中施加低频电磁场能提高铸锭的表面质量,细化铸锭的内部组织,以及抑制铸锭内部裂纹的产生.总结了低频电磁铸造改善表面质量和细化组织的原因以及低频电磁场对液穴形状的影响.     

铝合金半连续铸造过程中的液穴温度分布

针对生产一线对于铸锭质量控制和优化生产工艺的需求,在工厂实际生产平台上通过实验方法,测量了热顶立式半连续铸造圆铸锭液穴内部和凝固部分各个不同位置的温度,并通过插值方法得到了整体的温度分布,分析了糊状区的分布特点。结果表明热帽对保持铝液的温度起着明显的作用,结晶器一次冷却区的冷却速度不大,铸锭在凝固过程中散热主要通过二次冷却区冷却水的激冷作用实现。该文结果为工艺参数的优化提供了参考。     

铝合金半连续铸造过程中的液穴温度分布

针对生产一线对于铸锭质量控制和优化生产工艺的需求,在工厂实际生产平台上通过实验方法,测量了热顶立式半连续铸造圆铸锭液穴内部和凝固部分各个不同位置的温度,并通过插值方法得到了整体的温度分布,分析了糊状区的分布特点。结果表明热帽对保持铝液的温度起着明显的作用,结晶器一次冷却区的冷却速度不大,铸锭在凝固过程中散热主要通过二次冷却区冷却水的激冷作用实现。该文结果为工艺参数的优化提供了参考。     

化学成分对7050合金扁锭成型性能的影响

对用于生产航空材料受力厚板的7050合金扁锭的铸造工艺进行研究.由于7050合金的化学成分复杂,Cu、Zn元素含量高,Fe、Si杂质元素含量控制较低,同时扁锭的规格较大,宽厚比也较大,在铸造时具有极大的裂纹倾向,铸造成型性极差.通过对7050合金化学成分的优化,在生产允许条件下将Fe/Si比、Zn/Mg比提高到上限,Cu含量降低到下限,并且用块状Al-5Ti-1B和丝状Al-5Ti-1B进行联合晶粒细化,提高了合金的成型性,并铸造出成型的铸锭.     

铝合金超声波半连铸多场耦合的模拟与实验

针对铝合金超声波半连铸过程,建立了声场、流场和温度场耦合的数学模型.利用Fluent模拟得到了声场、流场和温度场分布.仿真结果显示,超声波的导入对宏观流场与温度场分布具有重要影响,在超声输出振幅一定的条件下,选择频率为20kHz的超声波处理铝熔体能够获得较为理想的流场与温度场,从而有效促进熔体的传热、传质与柱状晶向等轴晶的转变.通过测量实验铸锭的晶粒尺寸,发现经超声处理的铸锭凝固组织显著细化,长度与宽度方向的平均晶粒尺寸分别较未经超声处理的减小了133μm与32μm.文中还结合数值模拟结果分析了超声波对铝合金大铸锭的细晶机理.     

低频电磁铸造7050铝合金的组织与性能

采用新型低频电磁铸造技术制备了7050铝合金120 mm铸锭,研究了低频电磁场对铸锭组织和性能的影响.并对比研究了常规DC铸造和低频电磁铸造铸锭挤压和热处理后的组织与性能.结果表明,低频电磁铸造显著细化晶粒组织,并使组织分布均匀,改善铸锭的铸态力学性能.固溶并时效处理后,常规DC铸锭挤压棒材抗拉强度达到676.5 MPa,延伸率达到11.2%;低频电磁铸锭挤压棒材抗拉强度略有提高,达到677.5 MPa,延伸率提高较大,达到13.2%.低频电磁铸造对7050铝合金挤压棒材最终抗拉强度影响不大,但能够显著提高延伸率.     

铝合金大铸锭超声半连铸多场耦合的数值模拟与实验研究

建立了超声场下直径630 mm的铝合金大铸锭热顶半连铸过程中多场耦合的数学模型,采用有限体积法及自定义函数获得超声作用下结晶器内声场、流场和温度场的分布,并进行工业化实验研究。综合工业实验和仿真结果分析超声对热顶半连铸铝合金大铸锭细晶的机理。模拟结果表明,超声波对宏观物理场的影响非常明显,施加超声后,辐射杆端面下方形成向上的回流区,强烈的紊流促进铝熔体的传质传热,减小液穴深度,使液穴更加平缓,同时初始凝壳点下移,过渡带变窄,铸锭中心处过渡带宽度从342 mm减小到120 mm左右。分析实验结果发现,经超声处理,铸锭组织普遍变得细小、均匀,平均晶粒尺寸减小103μm,最大最小晶粒尺寸差从135μm减小到64μm,且凝固组织晶界变细。     

连铸异型坯凝固过程的数值模拟

为了解决连铸异形坯的表面及内部裂纹问题,以实测异形坯连铸工艺参数作边界条件,采用有限元方法,利用ANSYS商业软件对铸坯的凝固发展过程进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与实测铸坯表面温度吻合.计算结果表明,对于SS400异型坯,在当前的工艺条件下,仅有圆角处的表面温度在二冷区中前段,温度处于高温塑性区,铸坯的其他部位表面温度均落在相应钢种的低温脆性区.因此二冷区可以进一步采用弱冷方式,使异型坯在二冷段和矫直辊前的表面温度处于高温塑性区.     

铝合金凝固收缩行为研究

通过自行设计的实验装置研究合金在自由收缩和受阻收缩过程中的凝固特征,研究了5083,6061和7075三种典型铝合金的凝固收缩行为,预测其铸造过程中的热裂倾向性,引入衡量合金热裂倾向性大小的评价指标应力累积系数(k).结果表明,本实验装置能够准确记录铝合金凝固过程中温度、收缩位移和收缩应力的细微变化;结合热力学软件JMat Pro的计算结果,提出铝合金凝固过程中4个阶段的特征;实验预测得出3种实验合金的热裂倾向性大小为:k(5083)k(7075)k(6061),与实际铸造过程及CSC预测的结果相符合.研究结果表明该实验装置及数据分析方法具有可行性,利用k值可以准确预测铝合金的热裂倾向性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to