用空间柱形孔扩张分析沉桩过程

采用修正剑桥模型,考虑了桩周土的挤土效应,根据实测的土体参数,用空间柱形孔扩张对沉桩模型试验进行了分析,分析了结果与模型试验结果吻合较好,计算结果表明,分析沉桩引起的应力和位移时,应考虑桩周土的挤土效及桩周摩擦力的影响。     

沉桩挤土作用的有限元分析

进行了沉桩挤土效应的有限元计算，考虑到桩周土体由于桩桩贯入引起的挤土效应，选和了修正剑桥模型作为土体本构模型，通过相应的试验，拟合出挤土作用对土作用土体初始弹性模量影响的计算公式，确定了土体本构模型和其他相关的计算分析参数，对2个试验进行了分析计算，结果表明，考虑土体的塑性性质和桩体贯入过程的挤土效应对分析桩周土体的应力和变形是必要的。     

考虑沉桩挤土效应的楔形管桩纵向振动特性

基于剪切复刚度传递方法研究考虑沉桩挤土效应的楔形管桩纵向振动特性。首先,根据楔形管桩特殊的桩身结构并考虑桩周土的成层性,将桩-土体系沿竖向划分为若干段,进一步地,将桩周土沿径向划分为若干环形圈层以考虑沉桩过程中的挤土效应导致的土体径向非均质性;逐圈层求解土体动力平衡方程并通过相邻圈层间剪切复刚度的传递得到桩-土界面的剪切复刚度,求解桩的动力平衡方程,并结合Laplace变换和阻抗函数递推的方法,得到楔形管桩桩顶复阻抗频域响应解析解;通过与已有解答的对比证明了本文解的可靠性,在此基础上,分析了楔形管桩桩身参数及沉桩过程中的挤土效应对低频范围内桩顶复阻抗的影响。     

考虑地表边界效应的静压沉桩挤土位移解析

在沉桩挤土位移求解过程中同时考虑了土体弹塑性本构关系以及地表边界效应的影响.假定桩周土体屈服后服从修正剑桥模型,基于圆孔扩张理论推导了桩体无限长时挤土位移的初始解.在此基础上,引入修正函数来考虑地表边界和沉桩深度对挤土位移的影响;经与文献实测结果比较,验证了修正后沉桩挤土位移解析方法的合理性和可靠性.参数分析表明,沉桩挤土位移随桩径的增加呈非线性增长,随预钻孔孔径的增大呈非线性减小;当超固结比增大时,挤土位移也随之增大,分析认为是由于重超固结土颗粒排列紧密,受到的挤压作用明显所致.     

粘土中静压桩沉桩挤土效应的空间解析分析

静压桩沉桩对桩周土体的挤密作用引起了广泛关注.其主要研究方法有圆孔扩张理论等.本文在传统的平面圆孔扩张理论基础上加以改进，通过对触探结果的分析，对沉桩桩侧应力分布模式进行假定，提出了其准静态空间轴对称方程组的空间半解析解，该解答能同时反映径向位移的径向和竖向分布规律，这是平面应变解答无法反映的.通过工程实例分析，在大部分桩长范围内计算与实测较为符合.     

考虑挤土效应的桩基承载力分析

考虑了沉桩挤土效就引起的桩周土体的应力和孔隙比的变化及其对土体非线性性质的影响，修正了现有的荷载传递函数，编制了计算程序，并对一试桩资料进行计算分析，计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

软黏土中静压沉桩引起的侧向挤土位移分析

<正>将软黏土中桩体贯入过程看作不排水条件下圆柱孔的扩张.弹性和塑性区分别采用小应变和大应变理论,考虑传统超固结比与各项同性超固结比的不同,推导了修正剑桥模型土中单桩挤土位移的解析解;并与文献离心模型试验结果进行了比较,验证了理论解答的可靠性.在此基础上,采用叠加原理对排桩的侧向挤土位移进行了估算,并分析了沉桩数目、桩间距、预钻孔孔径以及土体超固结比对侧向挤土位移的影响规律.研究结果表明,随着沉桩数目的增加,挤土影响范围增大;当桩间距、预钻孔孔径增大时,挤土位移快速减小;土体超固结比增加时,侧向挤土位移略有增加,但总体影响不明显.     

软黏土中静压沉桩引起的侧向挤土位移分析

将软黏土中桩体贯入过程看作不排水条件下圆柱孔的扩张.弹性和塑性区分别采用小应变和大应变理论,考虑传统超固结比与各项同性超固结比的不同,推导了修正剑桥模型土中单桩挤土位移的解析解;并与文献离心模型试验结果进行了比较,验证了理论解答的可靠性.在此基础上,采用叠加原理对排桩的侧向挤土位移进行了估算,并分析了沉桩数目、桩间距、预钻孔孔径以及土体超固结比对侧向挤土位移的影响规律.研究结果表明,随着沉桩数目的增加,挤土影响范围增大;当桩间距、预钻孔孔径增大时,挤土位移快速减小;土体超固结比增加时,侧向挤土位移略有增加,但总体影响不明显.     

开口管桩挤土效应的源-汇理论分析及透明土试验对比研究

传统的圆孔扩张理论均基于无限土体推导,未考虑地表无约束的边界条件;且不适用于沉桩挤土效应这一半无限土体问题.采用考虑中间主应力的统一强度理论,对无限土体中的球孔扩张问题进行弹塑性分析;并结合源-汇理论,将管桩贯入视为竖向分布的数个球孔扩张的叠加,给出了半无限土体中开口管桩沉桩挤土效应的模拟计算方法;最后与透明土模型试验进行对比.结果表明:不考虑中间主应力会高估土体弹塑区交界处应力和塑性区半径,最大可相差26%和36%;土体剪胀特性对塑性区扩孔应力以及环向应变影响较大;不考虑管桩内腔土塞的存在会低估沉桩挤土效应.     

桩周及下卧土层中超静孔压消散的数值模拟

通过分析单桩成桩后,桩周土体固结渗流的边界条件和初始条件,建立了饱和黏土中单桩桩周及下卧横观各向同性土体的空间轴对称固结问题的定解条件,应用数值理论建立相应定解问题的有限元程序,对桩周及下卧土层中压桩挤土造成的孔压消散的时空变化规律进行模拟研究.结果表明:下卧土层的渗透特性对桩周土体的孔压消散没有明显影响,研究结果对精确分析压桩挤土对桩基础承载力及周围环境影响的时空特点具有理论意义和现实意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~