带有相遇概率估计的机会网络缓存替换策略

机会网络中节点缓存资源受限,为提高节点缓存利用率,提出一种带有相遇概率估计的缓存替换(CREPE)策略.综合考虑节点的活跃度及有效相遇指数,以分布式的方式估计节点间的相遇概率,并感知给定消息在网络中的扩散程度,动态估计消息的重要程度,以确定消息的替换优先级.结果表明,所提出的缓存替换策略能够有效提高节点缓存利用率,改善网络的投递率、时延与负载性能.     

机会网络中基于消息副本数量的自适应缓存管理策略

机会网络中,消息副本数越多,其成功投递的概率越大.首先根据网络历史信息来估计消息的副本数量,并证明网络中生存时间相同的消息的副本数服从正态分布,进而设计出基于消息副本数量的自适应缓存管理方案.仿真结果显示,此缓存管理方案在不增加网络负载率的条件下,可以有效提高消息成功投递率,降低网络平均时延.     

基于混合策略的机会网络路由算法

针对机会网络中传统路由算法对转发节点的选择考虑不周,导致消息投递率较低和网络性能不高的问题,提出一种基于混合策略的路由算法BHS(routing algorithm for opportunistic network Based on Hybrid Strategy)。该算法根据转发节点的剩余缓存空间百分比、剩余能量状态、与目的节点相遇概率以及信任度4个因素,计算各个转发节点将消息成功投递到目的节点的混合策略值,通过综合转发策略来决定消息最佳的下一跳转发节点。仿真结果表明,与传染路由以及单方面考虑转发节点能量、缓存空间、概率和信任度的路由相比,BHS在消息投递率、平均延迟时间和平均缓存时间等方面比上述路由协议的性能更好。     

内容中心网络中基于缓存压力的选择性缓存机制

内置缓存机制是内容中心网络(Content Centric Networking,CCN)研究的关键问题之一.现有的CCN缓存机制在缓存节点的选择时往往缺乏对节点缓存状态和负载情况等动态信息的综合考虑,因此无法准确反映节点间的缓存状态差异,进而影响了缓存决策的合理性.提出了一种基于缓存压力的选择性缓存机制(Cache Pressure Based Selective Caching,CPBSC).该机制利用节点的缓存占用率和缓存替换率评估节点的缓存压力,并结合内容的流行度实现缓存节点的合理选择.同时,根据内容的请求率和兴趣分组的剩余生存时间评估不同内容的缓存价值,以此实现缓存内容的合理替换.仿真结果表明,CPBSC有效地优化了缓存资源利用率,并显著提高了系统的整体缓存性能.     

基于缓存开销的信息中心网络缓存协作策略

网络化缓存策略影响ICN网络的传输性能,考虑到缓存执行时的开销不仅包含访问缓存节点时的路径代价,还应包含替换旧信息的替换代价,因此提出一种基于路径访问代价和节点替换代价的缓存协作策略(path and node cost based cooperative caching strategy, 简称PNC3S).该策略对两种代价进行整体考虑,将代价总量作为是否进行信息与节点匹配缓存的依据,对提出的策略模型进行优化分析,将最优解作为缓存部署方案.实验结果表明,与CEE,LCD策略相比,PNC3S可以改善网络的信息缓存率、服务器的负载率、网络链路平均利用率,以及访问跳数减少率.     

一种用于信息隐蔽传输的高效DTN路由算法

作为一种间歇性连接的网络,延迟容忍网络(DTN)中的消息通过节点间的机会性相遇完成投递,这种多跳、随机的传递方式使得消息难以被追踪,因此DTN非常适合实现信息的隐蔽传输.然而在DTN中节点之间的连接频繁断开限制了传输效率,且现有的DTN路由并未针对隐蔽传输的安全性进行相关研究.为保证隐蔽传输的通信质量和安全性,提出一种路由算法,首先利用节点的静态社会特征和实时相遇情况设计一种高效的消息转发策略以提高消息的投递效率;其次考虑到过多的消息副本在增加投递概率的同时也会增加暴露的风险,根据网络连通情况对副本数进行了动态设置.最后,将提出的算法与DTN经典算法进行仿真对比,结果显示本算法能够提高DTN的消息投递率,减少网络开销,同时提高消息的安全性.     

容迟网络编码节点状态感知的数据转发策略

网络编码能够有效地提高容迟网络(delay tolerant networks,DTNs)的资源利用率,但需根据网络状态及时地调整编码节点的数量。提出一种编码节点状态感知的容迟网络数据转发策略,根据当前网络规模,以分布式的方式估计最优化编码节点数量,然后综合考虑节点社会属性及可用资源,动态选取编码节点,在实现可靠数据转发的同时,保证了较低的开销。仿真结果表明,所提出策略极大地降低了网络负载,并有效提高数据的成功投递率,优化了网络资源。     

内容中心网络概率缓存策略的研究

内容中心网络是一种以内容为中心的新型网络体系结构,路由器内置缓存提高内容分发效率。由于缓存空间大小的限制,选择合适内容缓存使得缓存策略变得尤为重要。现有缓存策略的研究主要以减少网络中内容的冗余量以及提高网内缓存内容的多样性为目的,这些策略在设计过程中忽视了内容的频繁替换以及带宽损耗因素。文章提出一种以获得缓存网络最大效益的概率缓存策略(a Max-Benefits Probabilistic In-network Caching Strategy,MBPIC),缓存策略基于内容流行度、跳数和缓存空间等参数随机选择缓存放置节点,然后建立马尔科夫链推导了内容命中率与缓存概率、内容流行度、缓存空间的关系,最后数值计算和实验仿真结果表明,MBPIC策略在服务器命中率、跳数减少率和内容替换率方面比其他概率策略有明显的提高。     

元胞机制下机坪机会网络缓存控制策略

针对机坪感知机会网络中节点缓存空间的限制导致的数据拥塞问题,提出元胞演化规则下机坪机会网络缓存控制策略(ACER).建立基于节点拥塞度的路由通信模型,对节点拥塞度进行判断,在拥塞度较低节点中进行基于概率的数据路由通信,对于拥塞度较高的节点使用元胞自动机的消息丢弃策略,有效地缓解了因数据拥塞产生的网络投递率低等问题,使节...     

一种基于无线信道通信质量的MWSN数据传输机制

针对移动无线传感器网络资源受限和无线链路通信质量不稳定的问题,提出了一种基于无线信道通信质量的数据传输机制.综合考虑路径损失、节点的运动速度大小、节点的运动方向和节点的剩余能量计算传输概率.为了提升网络的性能,动态更新数据消息的副本数,此外根据数据消息的生存时间决定消息的传输和替换顺序,在Matlab上进行仿真实验.结果表明,所提出的路由算法与DT算法、Flooding算法、FAD算法相比,数据消息的投递率至少提高6%,与Flooding算法、FAD算法相比副本数至少减少10%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.