小生境遗传算法的改进

为了避免小生境遗传算法存在的早期成熟和陷入局部极值点等问题,提出了一种改进的小生境遗传算法.该算法基于自适应交叉概率算子和变异算子,根据进化代数和群体的适应值,动态调整各个个体的交叉概率和变异概率,并在变异量的确定上引入了梯度的概念.通过在Shubert函数的全局最优化问题上的验证,并与常规遗传算法和小生境遗传算法比较,改进后的算法提高了搜索速度,能有效跳出局部极小值,并搜索到全局最优值.     

基于纯数值函数优化的一种混合遗传算法

通过引入与进化代数相关的交叉概率和与个体适应度相关的变异概率的自适应遗传算子同时把Powell局部寻优算法融入遗传算法的搜索过程构成了一种数值函数全局寻优的混合遗传算法.实验表明混合遗传算法改善了遗传算法的局部搜索能力,有效地解决了遗传算法的早熟现象,显著提高了遗传算法求得全局解的概率.同时由于混合遗传算法中只利用函数值信息,所以该混合遗传算法是纯数值函数的优化的一种通用方法.     

基于相似个体拥挤与Fibonacci法的遗传算法

由于传统遗传算法在应用中会出现"早熟",局部寻优能力较差,求解结果精度不高等缺点,提出了相似个体排挤方法和Fibonacci算子,给出了用相似个体的拥挤与Fibonacci算子相结合的改进遗传算法.数值仿真表明改进后的算法优于传统遗传算法和当前一些改进遗传算法,提高了遗传算法的局部搜索能力和收敛速度,并且能以较大概率搜索到优化问题的全局最优解.     

一种遗传算法交叉算子的改进算法

为了有效克服遗传算法收敛速度慢和易陷入局部极值点的缺点,提出了一种遗传算法交叉算子的改进算法,即采用自适应交叉概率,给不相关大的个体赋予较大的被选概率的配对方式进行交叉操作;在适应度比例轮盘赌的基础上辅以父子竞争的选择操作.二元多峰值Schaffer函数优化的仿真实例结果表明:与保留最优个体策略的遗传算法相比,改进算法能有效减少无效的交叉操作,收敛速度和全局搜索能力都得到了较大提高,其平均收敛代数和收敛到最优解的概率都优于保留最佳个体策略的遗传算法.     

半确定性的遗传算法

在采用遗传算法进行函数优化的过程中存在的一个严重的缺陷是：算法能很快地收敛到最优点附近，但要达到最优点需要很长的时间。针对这一缺点通过如下3个新的遗传算子构建了一个新的遗传算法：半确定性的变异算子，Hamming-decreasing和设计变量的自适应定标，以加强遗传算法的局部搜索能力。该算法充分利用基于概率的遗传算子的全局搜索能力和新算子较强的局部搜索能力。算例表明，新的遗传算法具有很强的鲁棒性和较快的计算速度。     

基于宗族进行裂变选择的自适应遗传算法

提出了一种改进的自适应遗传算法,在选择算子中引入裂变选择的思想,避免种群中超级个体的出现,维持了种群的多样性。该算法改造了交叉算子和变异算子,提高了算法的收敛速度,避免早熟。同时,提出了在宗族中构造子代种群的思想,提高了算法的寻优效率。仿真函数优化的结果验证了该算法能有效地维持种群的多样性并迅速找到最优解。     

基于改进遗传算法的前向神经网络

针对遗传算法的主要算子———交叉算子 ,设计了新的交叉算子 ,使个体尽可能地分散在整个解空间 .在具体交叉操作中 ,产生随机个体参与交叉以更好地搜索新的解空间 .并提出了组合变异策略 ,假如对变异后个体隔代保护策略 ,构造了一个有效的改进遗传算法 .利用该改进遗传算法 ,构造了前向进化神经网络 .它综合了改进遗传算法优良的全局寻优性能和前向神经网络的非线性映射能力 .     

基于改进模式提取变异算子的遗传算法

在经典遗传算法的基础上，提出了一种基于改进模式提取（Algorithm of pattern extraction,Alopex)，种群个体的连续进化方向作为当前代个体的变异方向，并利用自适应来调整变异步长，通过控制参数来控制变异方向的概率从而跳过局部最优值。对几种典型函数的测试结果表明，基于该变异算子的遗传算法能较好地避免收敛到局部最优，收敛性能优于经典遗传算法。     

一种提高遗传算法全局收敛性的方法

通过对遗传算法过早收敛原因的分析,认为遗传算法出现过早收敛主要与问题解的分布状况、种群个体的分布情况及遗传算子的应用有关,提高算法全局收敛性能的核心就是如何使算法科学地处理种群多样性及识别个体对全局收敛性能的作用·提出几类与遗传算法全局收敛性能关系较大的个体,并结合小生境进化共享函数思想,形成一种旨在提高遗传算法全局收敛性、求解全局最优解的遗传算法,仿真结果验证了这种算法良好的全局收敛性能·     

基于改进自适应遗传算法的仿真研究

交叉概率Pc和变异概率Pm是遗传算法中重要的参数,自适应遗传算法中Pc和Pm能根据个体适应度差异自适应地调节其大小,在快速收敛和全局最优之间获得了较好的平衡,但自适应遗传算法对于进化初期不利.改进的自适应遗传算法避免了进化初期较优个体处于停滞不前的状态.分别用3种算法对典型的测试函数进行训练,仿真结果表明:改进的自适应遗传算法在收敛速度和寻最优解方面是最优的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.